scholarly journals New Vegetable Oils with Different Fatty Acids on Natural Rubber Composite Properties

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1108
Author(s):  
Siwarote Boonrasri ◽  
Pongdhorn Sae-Oui ◽  
Alissara Reungsang ◽  
Pornchai Rachtanapun
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Rubber Composite ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Filler Dispersion ◽  
Moringa Oil ◽  
Composite Properties ◽  
Oil Type

Owing to the toxicity of polycyclic aromatic (PCA) oils, much attention has been paid to the replacement of PCA oils by other nontoxic oils. This paper reports comparative study of the effects of new vegetable oils, i.e., Moringa oil (MO) and Niger oil (NO), on rheological, physical and dynamic properties of silica–filled natural rubber composite (NRC), in comparison with petroleum–based naphthenic oil (NTO). The results reveal that MO and NO exhibit higher thermal stability and better processability than NTO. Cure characteristics of the rubber compounds are not significantly affected by the oil type. It is also found that the NRCs containing MO or NO have better tensile strength and lower dynamic energy loss than the NRCs containing NTO. This may be because both MO and NO improve filler dispersion to a greater extent than NTO as supported by storage modulus and scanning electron microscopy results. Consequently, the present study suggests that MO and NO could be used as the alternative non–toxic oils for NRC without any loss of the properties evaluated.

ANALYSIS OF CARBON BLACK–REINFORCED CARDANOL-MODIFIED NATURAL RUBBER COMPOUNDS

2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunita Mohapatra ◽  
Golok Bihari Nando
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Multifunctional Additive ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Bound Rubber ◽  
Link Density ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Cross Link Density ◽  
Filler Dispersion ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACT Carbon black is advantageous for rubber as a reinforcing filler. Carbon blacks at higher loadings require process aids for easier processing and improved filler dispersion. Aromatic oils have been used so far in the rubber industry as plasticizer and process aids. The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in these oils has raised concerns, and they have been banned. Rubber industries are looking for alternate sources of process aids from renewable resources. Cardanol (m-pentadecenyl phenol), an agricultural by-product of the cashew industry, is cheap and abundantly available. It was proved recently to be a plasticizer and a multifunctional additive. The dispersion of carbon black in natural rubber (NR) grafted chemically with cardanol (CGNR) is investigated and compared with that of oil plasticized natural rubber. The physico-mechanical properties of the carbon black–filled CGNR vulcanizates are better than that of the aromatic oil plasticized NR vulcanizates. The cross-link density and bound rubber content are higher and the Payne effect is lower for the carbon black–filled CGNR vulcanizates as compared with oil plasticized NR vulcanizates. Dispersion of carbon black in the CGNR matrix is uniform and better than the aromatic oil plasticized NR.

scholarly journals Silica-Reinforced Natural Rubber: Synergistic Effects by Addition of Small Amounts of Secondary Fillers to Silica-Reinforced Natural Rubber Tire Tread Compounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sattayanurak ◽  
J. W. M. Noordermeer ◽  
K. Sahakaro ◽  
W. Kaewsakul ◽  
W. K. Dierkes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Pure Silica ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Wet Grip

Modern fuel-saving tire treads are commonly reinforced by silica due to the fact that this leads to lower rolling resistance and higher wet grip compared to carbon black-filled alternatives. The introduction of secondary fillers into the silica-reinforced tread compounds, often named hybrid fillers, may have the potential to improve tire performance further. In the present work, two secondary fillers organoclay nanofiller and N134 carbon black were added to silica-based natural rubber compounds at a proportion of silica/secondary filler of 45/10 phr. The compounds were prepared with variable mixing temperatures based on the mixing procedure commonly in use for silica-filled NR systems. The results of Mooney viscosity, Payne effect, cure behavior, and mechanical properties imply that the silica hydrophobation and coupling reaction of the silane coupling agent with silica and elastomer are significantly influenced by organoclay due to an effect of its modifier: an organic ammonium derivative. This has an effect on scorch safety and cure rate. The compounds where carbon black was added as a secondary filler do not show this behavior. They give inferior filler dispersion compared to the pure silica-filled compound, attributed to an inappropriate high mixing temperature and the high specific surface area of the carbon black used. The dynamic properties indicate that there is a potential to improve wet traction and rolling resistance of a tire tread when using organoclay as secondary filler, while the combination of carbon black in silica-filled NR does not change these properties.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cooking Oil as Processing Addtive for Natural Rubber

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. M. SYAMIN ◽  
S. AZEMI ◽  
K. DZARAINI
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Aromatic Ring ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Alternative Option ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

It was reported recently that high amount of aromatic ring  or number of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds found in aromatic oil are carcinogenic. This paper discusses the work to evaluate the Malaysian cooking oil as an alternative option to be used as process oil since cooking oil is safe to use and non-toxic. The performance of cooking oil is compared againstaromatic and paraffinioils. The results showed that rubber compounds containing cooking oil produced almostsimilar cure characteristicsas those produced by aromatic and paraffinioils indicating that it did not interfere with the vulcanization reaction. The physical properties of the vulcanizates containing cooking oil were almostsimilar to those of vulcanizates containing aromatic and paraffinioils, except the rebound resilience. The vulcanizates containing cooking oil gave higher resilience than vulcanizates containing aromatic and paraffinioils. High resilience is one of the desired features for a low rolling resistance tyre. Cooking oil provided this extra advantage.

Influence of Processing Oil Based on Modified Epoxidized Vegetable Oil with N-Phenyl-p-Phenylenediamine (PPD) on Extrusion Process Behaviors of Natural Rubber Compounds

2015 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 423-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chalida Moojea-Te ◽  
Adisai Rungvichaniwat ◽  
Kannika Sahakaro
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Heat Generation ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Die Swell ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Output Rate ◽  
Extrusion Rate ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Filler Dispersion ◽  
Mooney Viscosity

Rubber processing oil based on modified epoxidized vegetable oils (m-EVO) was prepared by a reaction of epoxidized palm oil EPO) or epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) with N-Phenyl-ρ-phenylenediamine (PPD) at a mole ratio of 1:0.5. The comparison of m-EVO with aromatic oil (Treated distillate aromatic extract, TDAE) on extrusion process behaviors (output rate, extrusion rate, screw efficiency, heat generation, die swell, extrudate appearance) of carbon black (N330) filled natural rubber (NR) compound was made. It was found that the mooney viscosity of m-EVO based natural rubber compounds are slightly higher than that of the TDAE based natural rubber compound (ML(1+4)100°C: m-ESBO 65.5±0.7; m-EPO 59.7±0.2; TDAE 56.5±1.0), which probably due to the poorer filler dispersion in the compounds. The extrusion process behaviors for output rate (g/min: m-ESBO 191.0±0.6; m-EPO 191.2±0.4; TDAE 195.5±0.6), extrusion rate (cm3/min: m-ESBO 179.6±0.6; m-EPO 183.2±0.4; TDAE 186.4±0.6) and screw efficiency (%: m-ESBO 30.8±0.6; m-EPO 31.4±0.4; TDAE 32.0±0.6). All the three compounds show similar extrusion process behaviors in which the TDAE based compounds shows a marginal higher values than the m-EVO as its lower mooney viscosity lead to a better flow. The m-EPO and m-ESBO based natural rubber compounds show very similar extrusion process behaviors. The heat generation (°C: m-ESBO 61.0±0.8; m-EPO 62.1±0.4; TDAE 63.1±1.0) and die swell (%: m-ESBO 11.0±0.7; m-EPO 11.0±0.5; TDAE 12.7±0.3) of the m-EVO based natural rubber compounds are slightly lower than those of the TDAE based natural rubber compound. As there are no significant differences in the extrusion process behaviors, with respect to extrusion process, m-EVO can be used to replace TDAE oil.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document