Recent Advances in Antioxidant Polymers: From Sustainable and Natural Monomers to Synthesis and Applications

Advances in technology have led to the production of sustainable antioxidants and natural monomers for food packaging and targeted drug delivery applications. Of particular importance is the synthesis of lignin polymers, and graft polymers, dopamine, and polydopamine, inulin, quercetin, limonene, and vitamins, due to their free radical scavenging ability, chemical potency, ideal functional groups for polymerization, abundance in the natural environment, ease of production, and activation of biological mechanisms such as the inhibition of the cellular activation of various signaling pathways, including NF-κB and MAPK. The radical oxygen species are responsible for oxidative damage and increased susceptibility to cancer, cardiovascular, degenerative musculoskeletal, and neurodegenerative conditions and diabetes; such biological mechanisms are inhibited by both synthetic and naturally occurring antioxidants. The orientation of macromolecules in the presence of the plasticizing agent increases the suitability of quercetin in food packaging, while the commercial viability of terpenes in the replacement of existing non-renewable polymers is reinforced by the recyclability of the precursors (thyme, cannabis, and lemon, orange, mandarin) and marginal ecological effect and antioxidant properties. Emerging antioxidant nanoparticle polymers have a broad range of applications in tumor-targeted drug delivery, food fortification, biodegradation of synthetic polymers, and antimicrobial treatment and corrosion inhibition. The aim of the review is to present state-of-the-art polymers with intrinsic antioxidant properties, including synthesis scavenging activity, potential applications, and future directions. This review is distinct from other works given that it integrates different advances in antioxidant polymer synthesis and applications such as inulin, quercetin polymers, their conjugates, antioxidant-graft-polysaccharides, and polymerization vitamins and essential oils. One of the most comprehensive reviews of antioxidant polymers was published by Cirillo and Iemma in 2012. Since then, significant progress has been made in improving the synthesis, techniques, properties, and applications. The review builds upon existing research by presenting new findings that were excluded from previous reviews.

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Potential Bactericidal Activity of Silver Nanoparticles

MRS Advances ◽

10.1557/adv.2020.116 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (18-19) ◽

pp. 975-984

Author(s):

David Medina Suárez ◽

Jousen A. Merced Colón ◽

Waldemar García-Mercado ◽

Dalice Piñero-Cruz ◽

Sonia J. Bailón-Ruiz

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Bactericidal Activity ◽

Targeted Drug Delivery ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Micrococcus Luteus ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Ag Nps ◽

Targeted Drug

ABSTRACTIn recent times, nanotechnology has drawn the attention of the scientific community because of the wide variety of applications that can be done with it, from food packaging to targeted drug delivery; the use of nanoparticles has been a breakthrough in science that has now reached the market. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have unique properties due to the oscillation of electrons in the superficial plasmon. These nanostructures have been used in different applications in the area of nanomedicine, such as: targeted drug delivery, sensing and imaging, anti-fungal, anti-cancerous and biosensors. It has become evident that pathogenic bacteria are resisting antibiotics such as Penicillin becoming one of the most worrying topics in the world. People in the science community fear the day when we no longer can use these antibiotics, because the resistance of bacteria became too great, leaving us defenceless against any type of pathogens and possibly causing a catastrophe. However, we theorize that the possible solution to this problem could be the use of silver nanoparticles, given that there has not been a documented bacterial adaptation strategy that could give them resistance to Ag NPs. The purpose of this study is to find how the water-stable silver nanoparticles interact with different strains, including Gram negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The main objectives of our research were to synthesize and characterize water stable silver nanoparticles and test their potential bactericidal activity. We synthesized our Ag NPs using sodium citrate as a reducing agent. After synthesizing the nanoparticles, their optical properties were characterized by Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis); crystalline structure was evaluated with Electron Diffraction (ED) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD); morphology was assessed by High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM). Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to indicate functional groups involved in the nanoparticle capping. Cultures were prepared with agarose and inoculated with the following bacterial strains: Bacillus cereus (Gram +), Micrococcus luteus (Gram +), Staphylococcus aureus (Gram +), Escherichia coli (Gram -), Citrobacter freundii (Gram -), Enterobacter aerogenes (Gram -), Klebsiella pneumoniae (Gram -), Proteus mirabilis (Gram -), Proteus vulgaris (Gram -) and Serratia marcescens (Gram -). Preliminary tests showed an inhibition diameter that surpassed 1.0 cm in all bacterial strains. We expect our Ag NPs to have a potential antibacterial activity towards all types of bacteria, due to oxidation of silver (Ag0 to Ag+).

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Chitosan overlaid Fe3O4/rGO nanocomposite for targeted drug delivery, imaging, and biomedical applications

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-76015-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Viswanathan Karthika ◽

Mohamad S. AlSalhi ◽

Sandhanasamy Devanesan ◽

Kasi Gopinath ◽

Ayyakannu Arumugam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Folic Acid ◽

Targeted Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Carrier ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Targeted Drug ◽

Loading Amount

Abstract A hybrid and straightforward nanosystem that can be used simultaneously for cancer-targeted fluorescence imaging and targeted drug delivery in vitro was reported in this study. A chitosan (CS) polymer coated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and implanted with Fe3O4 nanoparticles was fabricated. The fundamental physicochemical properties were confirmed via FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, XPS, and VSM analysis. The in vivo toxicity study in zebrafish showed that the nanocomposite was not toxic. The in vitro drug loading amount was 0.448 mg/mL−1 for doxorubicin, an anticancer therapeutic, in the rGO/Fe3O4/CS nanocomposite. Furthermore, the pH-regulated release was observed using folic acid. Cellular uptake and multimodal imaging revealed the benefit of the folic acid-conjugated nanocomposite as a drug carrier, which remarkably improves the doxorubicin accumulation inside the cancer cells over-express folate receptors. The rGO/Fe3O4/CS nanocomposite showed enhanced antibiofilm and antioxidant properties compared to other materials. This study's outcomes support the use of the nanocomposite in targeted chemotherapy and the potential applications in the polymer, cosmetic, biomedical, and food industries.

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Use of Plant Latex for Nanocarrier Synthesis and Utilizing it in Drug Delivery

Proceedings International ◽

10.33263/proceedings21.009009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 9

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Targeted Drug Delivery ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Polar Solvents ◽

Diffusion Technique ◽

Targeted Drug ◽

Tlc Analysis ◽

Plant Latex

One of the most significant applications of nanomedicine is employing nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery. Using latex-based nanocarrier as a drug delivery system serves as better alternatives since it is eco-friendly and rendered non-toxic. The main aim of this study is to extract latex components, synthesize nanocarriers, and encapsulate with a specific drug for its usage in targeted drug delivery. The latex was collected from a latex secreting tree and extracted using polar and non-polar solvents. The synthesis of nanocarriers was done through a microemulsion technique with the use of surfactants. The extracts and nanocarriers were characterized using UV-Vis, FTIR and GC-MS and SEM analysis. The nanocarriers were then encapsulated with a drug, and the drug release profiles are examined. Antibacterial activity of the latex extracts and loaded nanocarriers was measured by agar well diffusion technique, and antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH and TLC analysis. The latex extracts had antioxidant properties, and the drug-loaded nanocarriers had antibacterial activity.

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