scholarly journals Isoniazid—Loaded Albumin Nanoparticles: Taguchi Optimization Method

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3808
Author(s):  
Yerkeblan Tazhbayev ◽  
Aldana Galiyeva ◽  
Tolkyn Zhumagaliyeva ◽  
Meiram Burkeyev ◽  
Bakhytgul Karimova
Keyword(s):  
Drug Transport ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Protein Solution ◽  
First Line ◽  
Taguchi Optimization ◽  
Albumin Nanoparticles ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Bioactive Substance

Tuberculosis is one of the dangerous infectious diseases, killing over a million people worldwide each year. The search for new dosage forms for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis is an actual task. Biocompatible polymer nanoparticles, in particular bovine serum albumin (BSA), are promising drug carriers. Nanoparticle (NP) parameters such as diameter, polydispersity, bioactive substance loading, and NP yield are very important when it comes to drug transport through the bloodstream. The most well-known and widely used first-line anti-tuberculosis drug, isoniazid (INH), is being used as a drug. BSA-INH NPs were obtained by an ethanol desolvation of an aqueous protein solution in the drug presence. The peculiarity of the method is that natural components, namely urea and cysteine, are used for the stabilization of BSA-INH NPs after desolvation. The characteristics of the obtained BSA-INH NPs are significantly affected by the concentration of protein, isoniazid, urea, and cysteine in the solution. The aim of the present study is to investigate the concentration effect of the system reacting components on the parameters of the NPs that are obtained. We have chosen the concentrations of four reacting components, i.e., BSA, isoniazid, urea, and cysteine, as controlling factors and applied the Taguchi method to analyze which concentration of each component has an important effect on BSA-INH NPs characteristics.

scholarly journals Prevalence of primary drug resistant tuberculosis in a tertiary care hospital, Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-38
Author(s):  
R Khunjeli ◽  
U R Mohsin ◽  
S K Shrestha ◽  
S Adhikari ◽  
B Srivastava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
First Line ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Primary Drug

 Background & objectives: Tuberculosis is a transmissible disease mainly due to inhalation of infected droplet nuclei. The burden of drug resistant tuberculosis is very high in our neighboring countries India and China. Prevalence of primary drug resistant disease is difficult to estimate in our country because culture and sensitivity is not done routinely. This study was an attempt to find out the prevalence of drug resistant in newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients serving in the Nepalese Armed Forces. Methodology: Medical records of patients serving in the Nepalese Armed Forces who had the provisional diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis for the first time from July 2012 to June 2014 were analyzed. They had their sputum subjected for both smear and culture with sensitivity testing. Out of 134 patients, 62 had culture positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and drug sensitivity was done for the first line 4 antitubercular drugs. Results: Drug resistant strains were found in 5 cases (8.1%) of which 2 (3.2%) were resistant to 4 first line drugs - rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol and streptomycin. Prevalence of isoniazid resistance was the highest, found in 3 cases (4.8%). Conclusion: Primary drug resistant tuberculosis in newly diagnosed cases was high even in young healthy adults, and isoniazid resistant strains were the commonest.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v4i4.11970

scholarly journals Status of antituberculosis drug resistance in Saudi Arabia 1979-98

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 664-670
Author(s):  
K. K. Abu Amero
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Drug Sensitivity ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
First Line ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis

All published material on the prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis within Saudi Arabia over the period 1979-98 was reviewed. The prevalence of single-drug-resistant tuberculosis ranged from 3.4% to 41% for isoniazid, 0% to 23.4% for rifampicin, 0.7% to 22.7% for streptomycin and 0% to 6.9% for ethambutol. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis [defined by WHO as resist1qance to two or more first-line antituberculosis drugs] ranged from 1.5% to 44% in different regions. No strong conclusions could be drawn owing to variations in the populations studied, geographical origins, site of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolation [pulmonary or extrapulmonary] and drug sensitivity testing. However, the need to develop a standardized national policy for surveillance of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Saudi Arabia is clear

Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Study from South India

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
H S Subhash ◽  
I Ashwin ◽  
U Mukundan ◽  
D Danda ◽  
G John ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
South India ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
First Line ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Group

This study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital in south India to evaluate the association of drug resistant tuberculosis (TB) in diabetic subjects. There were: 361 subjects with positive mycobacterial culture and susceptibility tests results over a 3-year period; 267 (74%) acid-fast bacillus smear positive; and 94 (26%) smear negative cases. One hundred and seventy-seven (49%) had resistant isolates to any one first line anti TB drugs (resistant group) and 184 (51%) had isolates sensitive to all drugs (non-resistant group). In the resistant and non-resistant subjects the mean duration of TB symptoms was, respectively, 22 months and 4.5 months, past history of TB 126 (71%) and 48 (26%), past anti TB drug therapy 126 (71%) and 47 (25%), inadequate anti TB drug therapy 42 (24%) and 23 (13%), HIV positive six and 13 subjects. There were 72 diabetic subjects [35 and 37, respectively] with a duration of diabetes 5.8 ± 7.5 years and 3.7 ± 5.0 years in the resistant and non-resistant groups. Twenty-six per cent of the diabetic subjects (19/72) had multi-drug resistant TB. Drug resistance to first line anti-TB drugs was not found to be associated with diagnosis or duration of diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Sterilizing Activity of Novel TMC207- and PA-824-Containing Regimens in a Murine Model of Tuberculosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 5485-5492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rokeya Tasneen ◽  
Si-Yang Li ◽  
Charles A. Peloquin ◽  
Dinesh Taylor ◽  
Kathy N. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Murine Model ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Drug Combinations ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
First Line ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Novel Drug

ABSTRACTTo truly transform the landscape of tuberculosis treatment, novel regimens containing at least 2 new drugs are needed to simplify the treatment of both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis. As part of an ongoing effort to evaluate novel drug combinations for treatment-shortening potential in a murine model, we performed two long-term, relapse-based experiments. In the first experiment, TMC207 plus pyrazinamide, alone or in combination with any third drug, proved superior to the first-line regimen including rifampin, pyrazinamide, and isoniazid. On the basis of CFU counts at 1 month, clofazimine proved to be the best third drug combined with TMC207 and pyrazinamide, whereas the addition of PA-824 was modestly antagonistic. Relapse results were inconclusive due to the low rate of relapse in all test groups. In the second experiment evaluating 3-drug combinations composed of TMC207, pyrazinamide, PA-824, moxifloxacin, and rifapentine, TMC207 plus pyrazinamide plus either rifapentine or moxifloxacin was the most effective, curing 100% and 67% of the mice treated, respectively, in 2 months of treatment. Four months of the first-line regimen did not cure any mice, whereas the combination of TMC207, PA-824, and moxifloxacin cured 50% of the mice treated. The results reveal new building blocks for novel regimens with the potential to shorten the duration of treatment for both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant tuberculosis, including the combination of TMC207, pyrazinamide, PA-824, and a potent fluoroquinolone.

Transmission of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in Mongolia is driven by Beijing strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to all first-line drugs

Tuberculosis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulziijargal Gurjav ◽  
Baasansuren Erkhembayar ◽  
Buyankhishig Burneebaatar ◽  
Erdenegerel Narmandakh ◽  
Oyuntuya Tumenbayar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
First Line ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis

scholarly journals Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB): Current situation in South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Gboyega A Ogunbanjo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
First Line ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Previously Treated

Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a form of tuberculosis (TB) infection which is resistant to treatment with at least two of the most powerful first-line anti-TB drugs, namely isoniazid and rifampicin. Globally, MDR-TB caused an estimated 480 000 new TB cases and 250 000 deaths in 2015 and accounted for 3.3% of all new TB cases worldwide.1 MDR-TB, or rifampicin-resistant TB, causes 3.9% of new TB cases and 21% of previously treated TB cases, and most MDR-TB cases occur in South America, southern Africa, India, China, and the former Soviet Union.1

scholarly journals PATTERNS OF SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING OF ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS AMONG PATIENTS ATTENDING TUBERCLOSIS CLINIC IN KAKAMEGA TEACHING AND REFERALL HOPITAL KENYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 902-905
Author(s):  
Kibai Erick K ◽  
◽  
Dinda Victor ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
First Line ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis

Drug Resistance Tuberculosis (DR TB) is a form of tuberculosis infection that is resistance to treatment with Rifampicin and Isoniazid with or without resistance to one or more other drugs used in the first line treatment of tuberculosis (Mitchison, 2012). Kenya is ranked 13th among the 22 high TB burden countries worldwide (WHO, 2013). MDR TB is a global health security risk and carries grave consequences for those affected (WHO, 2014). Its development is associated with high mortality rates and low levels of productivity among workers due to the high cost of care which imposes a heavy economic burden on the nation (Eduardo, 2011). DR TB therefore poses a major challenge to tuberculosis care and control (Ellen & McNerney, 2008). Limited literature talks about the exact prevalence of resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs in populations with high rates of tuberculosis (WHO, 2015). In addition, only a few isolated cases of multiple drug resistant tuberculosis have been reported in Kenya (Ogaroet.al., 2012). This study aimed at determining the burden of pattern of Drug Restance TB via determination of the prevalence of TB and the gene resistance patterns to the two most commonly used anti- TB drugs Rifampicin and Isoniazid. A cross-sectional study was conducted among new and re-treatment cases of tuberculosis referral patients in Kakamega county teaching and referral hospital between June and August 2018. A total of 138 patients were enrolled for the study and the health facility TB register questionnaire was used to obtain data on demographic factors of the patients. Data generated was analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 to find case summaries. Descriptive statistical tests were performed on the data including means, modes, percentages, standard deviations and percentiles. Data was then presented in pie-charts, bar graphs and tables. Out of the 138 cases seventy (50.7%) were male and sixty-eight (49.3%) female. All the study cases were new. Twenty-eight (20.3%) of the isolates became positive for MTB. Of these, eight (5.7%) isolates showed resistance to either of the two first line drugs tested while twenty (14.5%) were fully susceptible. None of the isolates tested became positive for Drug resistant tuberculosis. Notably most of the resistant cases were found to be among HIV positive patients (4.3%) with (1.4%) of the cases being from HIV negative patients. This study revealed high levels of drug resistance among new cases of untreated patients. This implies ongoing transmission of drug resistant strains in the community.

Case 10

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Andrew Woodhouse
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistant ◽  
First Line ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Insight Into

Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is defined by resistance to both isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most effective first line anti-tuberculous drugs. Resistance to one or other drug plus resistance to other first line agents (streptomycin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol) represents an important treatment challenge. The case provides insight into the challenges faced treating MDR-TB and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB).

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