scholarly journals Investigations on Epoxy-Carbamate Foams Modified with Different Flame Retardants for High-Performance Applications

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3893
Author(s):  
Simon T. Kaysser ◽  
Christian Bethke ◽  
Isabel Fernandez Romero ◽  
Angeline Wo Weng Wei ◽  
Christian A. Keun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Polymeric Foams ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Dual Functional ◽  
Burning Behavior ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties

In transport sectors such as aviation, automotive and railway, materials combining a high lightweight potential with high flame retardant properties are in demand. Polymeric foams are suitable materials as they are lightweight, but often have high flammability. This study focuses on the influence of different flame retardants on the burning behavior of Novolac based epoxy foams using Isophorone Diamine carbamate (B-IPDA) as dual functional curing and blowing agent. The flame retardant properties and possible modifications of these foams are systematically investigated. Multiple flame retardants, representing different flame retardant mechanisms, are used and the effects on the burning behavior as well as mechanical and thermal properties are evaluated. Ammonium polyphosphate (APP), used with a filler degree of 20 wt.% or higher, functions as the best performing flame retardant in this study.

scholarly journals Anti-flammability, mechanical and thermal properties of bio-based rigid polyurethane foams with the addition of flame retardants

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (53) ◽  
pp. 32156-32161
Author(s):  
Guangyu Zhang ◽  
Xiaoqi Lin ◽  
Qinqin Zhang ◽  
Kaisen Jiang ◽  
Weisheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties

Bio-based rigid polyurethane foams with the addition of flame retardant exhibit preferable flame-retardant properties.

scholarly journals Effect of flame retardants on mechanical and thermal properties of bio-based polyurethane rigid foams

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (49) ◽  
pp. 30860-30872
Author(s):  
Qirui Gong ◽  
Liangyu Qin ◽  
Liangmin Yang ◽  
Keke Liang ◽  
Niangui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Rigid Foam ◽  
Rigid Foams ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Polyurethane Rigid Foam

A vegetable oil-based polyurethane rigid foam containing a phosphorus–nitrogen dualflame retardant system was prepared, and the foam exhibited not only excellent flame retardant properties but also good mechanical properties.

The Thermal Properties of Unsaturated Polyester Resin Treated with Intumescent Flame Retardants

2014 ◽  
Vol 983 ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
Ming Gao ◽  
Dan Rong ◽  
Chun Guang Song ◽  
Yu Wen Ji
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Polyester Resin ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester Resin ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Burning Behavior ◽  
Resultant Data ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardants

A novel cheap macromolecular intumescent flame retardant (IFR), was synthesized. Unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) was modified with IFR to get the flame retardant UPR, whose flammability and burning behavior were characterized by limiting oxygen index (LOI). 22.7% of weight of IFR was doped into UPR to get 28.5 of LOI. The thermal properties of epoxy resins containing IFR were investigated with thermogravimetry (TG). Activation energy for the decomposition of samples was obtained using Kissinger equation. The resultant data show that for UPR containing IFR, compared with UPR, IFR decreased weight loss, thermal stability, increased the char yield, which shows that IFR can catalyze decomposition and carbonization of UPR.

The Thermal Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foams Treated with Flame Retardant

2013 ◽  
Vol 803 ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Ming Gao ◽  
Yong Li Yang
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Burning Behavior ◽  
Resultant Data ◽  
Ul 94 ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardants

A novel cheap macromolecular intumescent flame retardants (MIFR), was synthesized, and its structure was a caged bicyclic macromolecule containing phosphorus characterized by IR. Rigid polyurethane foam (PUF) were modified with MIFR to get the flame retardant PUF, whose flammability and burning behavior were characterized by UL 94 and limiting oxygen index (LOI). 25% of weight of MIFR were doped into PUF to get 24.5 of LOI and UL 94 V-0. The thermal properties of epoxy resins containing MIFR were investigated with thermogravimetry (TG). Activation energy for the decomposition of samples was obtained using Kissinger equation. The resultant data show that for PUF containing MIFR, compared with PUF, MIFR decreased weight loss, thermal stability, increased the char yield. The activation energy for the decomposition of EP is 205 kJ/mol while it becomes 162 kJ/mol for PUF containing MIFR, decreased by 42 kJ/mol, which shows that IFR can catalyze decomposition and carbonization of PUF.

Properties of Flame-Retardant Cellulose Fibers Prepared from Cellulose[Amim]Cl Dope Solution

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 1152-1155
Author(s):  
Lei Gao ◽  
Bo Wen Cheng ◽  
Jun Song ◽  
Zeng Geng Guo ◽  
Fei Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Simultaneous Thermal Analysis ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Fiber Structure ◽  
Fiber Degradation ◽  
Dope Solution ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties

This paper has studied the structure and flame-retardant properties of flame-retardant cellulose fiber with DDPSN as flame retardant. The flame retardants was uniformly dispersed in the cellulose /[Amim]Cl Solution to obtain the good spinnable dope, then the dope was wet-spun. Effects of the flame-retardant contention the fiber structure and properties were investigated. The surface of the flame-retardant cellulose fiber was observed using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Besides, through the Simultaneous thermal analysis, it has been shown that, with the increase of fame retardant, the degree of fame resistance was obviously improved. The flame retardant acted greatly in condensed phase during the fiber degradation and remained mainly in residues after degradation, the experiments show that the flame-retardant properties of flame-retardant cellulose fiber with 20wt% DDPSN was obvious.

Wool: Its Effect On Flame Retardant Properties of Blend Fabrics

1983 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
John V. Beninate ◽  
Brenda J. Trask ◽  
Timothy A. Calamari ◽  
George L. Drake
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Cotton Wool ◽  
Burning Rates ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Strength Retention

Durable phosphorus-based flame retardants were applied to twill fabrics con taining cotton and wool to study the effect of wool on the flame retardancy and physical properties of the blend fabrics. The presence of wool in untreated blend fabrics caused burning rates to decrease and oxygen index values to increase as wool content increased in the blends. These effects were also observed in cotton/ wool blends treated with low levels of the Thps-urea-TMM flame retardant, but were less pronounced in fabrics treated at high levels. Thermogravimetric analyses were conducted to study the thermal degradation of the treated and untreated fabrics. The presence of wool in treated blend fabrics did not sig nificantly change strength retention, area shrinkage and wrinkle recovery values in comparison to similarly treated 100% cotton fabrics.

scholarly journals Bio-based rigid polyurethane foam prepared from apricot stone shell-based polyol for thermal insulation application – Part 2: Morphological, mechanical, and thermal properties

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 6080-6094
Author(s):  
Muhammed Said Fidan ◽  
Murat Ertaş
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Compressive Modulus ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foam

The procedure for the liquefaction of apricot stone shells was reported in Part 1. Part 2 of this work determines the morphological, mechanical, and thermal properties of the bio-based rigid polyurethane foam composites (RPUFc). In this study, the thermal conductivity, compressive strength, compressive modulus, thermogravimetric analysis, flammability tests (horizontal burning and limited oxygen index (LOI)) in the flame retardants), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) (cell diameter in the SEM) tests of the RPUFc were performed and compared with control samples. The results showed the thermal conductivity (0.0342 to 0.0362 mW/mK), compressive strength (10.5 to 14.9 kPa), compressive modulus (179.9 to 180.3 kPa), decomposition and residue in the thermogravimetric analysis (230 to 491 °C, 15.31 to 21.61%), UL-94 and LOI in the flame retardants (539.5 to 591.1 mm/min, 17.8 to 18.5%), and cell diameter in the SEM (50.6 to 347.5 μm) of RPUFc attained from liquefied biomass. The results were similar to those of foams obtained from industrial RPUFs, and demonstrated that bio-based RPUFc obtained from liquefied apricot stone shells could be used as a reinforcement filler in the preparation of RPUFs, specifically in construction and insulation materials. Moreover, liquefied apricot stone shell products have potential to be fabricated into rigid polyurethane foam composites.

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