scholarly journals On the Use of Starch in Emulsion Polymerizations

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shidan Cummings ◽  
Yujie Zhang ◽  
Niels Smeets ◽  
Michael Cunningham ◽  
Marc Dubé
Keyword(s):  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Industrial Research ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Renewable Material ◽  
Emulsion Polymerizations

The substitution of petroleum-based synthetic polymers in latex formulations with sustainable and/or bio-based sources has increasingly been a focus of both academic and industrial research. Emulsion polymerization already provides a more sustainable way to produce polymers for coatings and adhesives, because it is a water-based process. It can be made even more attractive as a green alternative with the addition of starch, a renewable material that has proven to be extremely useful as a filler, stabilizer, property modifier and macromer. This work provides a critical review of attempts to modify and incorporate various types of starch in emulsion polymerizations. This review focusses on the method of initiation, grafting mechanisms, starch feeding strategies and the characterization methods. It provides a needed guide for those looking to modify starch in an emulsion polymerization to achieve a target grafting performance or to incorporate starch in latex formulations for the replacement of synthetic polymers.

scholarly journals Environmental release, fate and ecotoxicological effects of manufactured ceria nanomaterials

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanche Collin ◽  
Mélanie Auffan ◽  
Andrew C. Johnson ◽  
Inder Kaur ◽  
Arturo A. Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Fate And Transport ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Ecotoxicological Effects ◽  
Environment Detection ◽  
Soil And Water

This critical review presents the sources and sinks of nanoceria in the environment, detection and characterization methods, fate and transport processes, toxicity and likelihood of toxicity in soil and water.

Aqueous emulsion polymerizations of methacrylates and styrene via reversible complexation mediated polymerization (RCMP)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijia Mao ◽  
Jit Sarkar ◽  
Bo Peng ◽  
Atsushi Goto
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Radical Polymerization ◽  
Living Radical Polymerization ◽  
Aqueous Emulsion ◽  
Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Emulsion Polymerizations

Aqueous emulsion polymerization via reversible complexation mediated living radical polymerization yielded low-dispersity poly(methyl methacrylate)s and polystyrenes.

scholarly journals Surfactant-free emulsion polymerization of vinylidene fluoride mediated by RAFT/MADIX reactive poly(ethylene glycol) polymer chains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Fuentes Exposito ◽  
Sébastien Norsic ◽  
Thibaut Février ◽  
Pierre-Yves Dugas ◽  
Salima Boutti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Poly Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Emulsion Polymerizations ◽  
Poly Ethylene

A robust and straightforward synthesis of surfactant-free poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) latexes is presented using RAFT/MADIX-mediated emulsion polymerization. VDF emulsion polymerizations were conducted in the presence of commercial poly(ethylene glycol) chains...

scholarly journals Synthesis of polymeric janus nanoparticles and their application in surfactant-free emulsion polymerizations

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binh T. T. Pham ◽  
Chris H. Such ◽  
Brian S. Hawkett
Keyword(s):  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Janus Nanoparticles ◽  
Emulsion Polymerizations

RAFT mediated emulsion polymerization to synthesize Janus nanoparticles and their application to control outcomes in surfactant-free emulsion polymerization.

RAFT in Emulsion Polymerization: What Makes it Different?

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 415 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Prescott ◽  
M. J. Ballard ◽  
E. Rizzardo ◽  
R. G. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Raft Polymerization ◽  
Surface Coatings ◽  
Water Sensitivity ◽  
Technical Potential ◽  
Reversible Addition ◽  
Observed Behaviour ◽  
Emulsion Polymerizations ◽  
Highly Hydrophobic ◽  
Slow Transport

Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization techniques have been the focus of a great deal of recent work, particularly in their application to emulsion polymerization, which is the method of choice for implementing most free-radical polymerizations on an industrial scale. RAFT/emulsion polymerizations have considerable technical potential: to 'tailor-make' material properties, to eliminate added surfactant from surface coatings, and so on. However, considerable difficulties have been experienced in using RAFT in emulsion polymerization systems. Here, progress in the application of RAFT techniques to emulsion polymerization is reviewed, summarizing the difficulties that have been experienced and mechanisms that have been postulated to explain the observed behaviour. Possible origins of the difficulties in implementing RAFT in emulsion polymerizations include polymerization in droplets, water sensitivity of some RAFT agents, slow transport of highly hydrophobic RAFT agents across the water phase, and surface activity of some RAFT agents.

scholarly journals Effect of the addition of salt to Pickering emulsion polymerizations using polymeric nanogels as stabilizers

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (48) ◽  
pp. 6600-6608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Lotierzo ◽  
Shane P. Meaney ◽  
Stefan A. F. Bon
Keyword(s):  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Pickering Emulsion ◽  
Pickering Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Block Copolymer Micelles ◽  
Copolymer Micelles ◽  
Emulsion Polymerizations

Nanogels made from crosslinked block copolymer micelles are used as stabilizers in the Pickering emulsion polymerization of styrene.

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