scholarly journals Modeling and Analysis of Coal-Based Lurgi Gasification for LNG and Methanol Coproduction Process

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gu ◽  
Yang ◽  
Kokossis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Methanol Synthesis ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Separation Unit ◽  
Gas Removal

A coal-based coproduction process of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and methanol (CTLNG-M) is developed and key units are simulated in this paper. The goal is to find improvements of the low-earning coal to synthesis natural gas (CTSNG) process using the same raw material but producing a low-margin, single synthesis natural gas (SNG) product. In the CTLNG-M process, there are two innovative aspects. Firstly, the process can co-generate high value-added products of LNG and methanol, in which CH4 is separated from the syngas to obtain liquefied natural gas (LNG) through a cryogenic separation unit, while the remaining lean-methane syngas is then used for methanol synthesis. Secondly, CO2 separated from the acid gas removal unit is partially reused for methanol synthesis reaction, which consequently increases the carbon element utilization efficiency and reduces the CO2 emission. In this paper, the process is designed with the output products of 642,000 tons/a LNG and 1,367,800 tons/a methanol. The simulation results show that the CTLNG-M process can obtain a carbon utilization efficiency of 39.6%, bringing about a reduction of CO2 emission by 130,000 tons/a compared to the CTSNG process. However, the energy consumption of the new process is increased by 9.3% after detailed analysis of energy consumption. The results indicate that although electricity consumption is higher than that of the conventional CTSNG process, the new CTLNG-M process is still economically feasible. In terms of the economic benefits, the investment is remarkably decreased by 17.8% and an increase in internal rate of return (IRR) by 6% is also achieved, contrasting to the standalone CTSNG process. It is; therefore, considered as a feasible scheme for the efficient utilization of coal by Lurgi gasification technology and production planning for existing CTSNG plants.

scholarly journals A novel hybrid liquefied natural gas process with absorption refrigeration integrated with molten carbonate fuel cell

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Mehrpooya ◽  
Parimah Bahramian ◽  
Fathollah Pourfayaz ◽  
Hadi Katooli ◽  
Mostafa Delpisheh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell ◽  
Cooling Load ◽  
Absorption Refrigeration ◽  
Molten Carbonate ◽  
Carbonate Fuel Cell

Abstract The production of liquefied natural gas (LNG) is a high energy-consuming process. The study of ways to reduce energy consumption and consequently to reduce operational costs is imperative. Toward this purpose, this study proposes a hybrid system adopting a mixed refrigerant for the liquefaction of natural gas that is precooled with an ammonia/water absorption refrigeration (AR) cycle utilizing the exhaust heat of a molten carbonate fuel cell, 700°C and 2.74 bar, coupled with a gas turbine and a bottoming Brayton super-critical carbon dioxide cycle. The inauguration of the ammonia/water AR cycle to the LNG process increases the cooling load of the cycle by 10%, providing a 28.3-MW cooling load duty while having a 0.45 coefficient of performance. Employing the hybrid system reduces energy consumption, attaining 85% overall thermal efficiency, 53% electrical efficiency and 35% fuel cell efficiency. The hybrid system produces 6300 kg.mol.h−1 of LNG and 146.55 MW of electrical power. Thereafter, exergy and sensitivity analyses are implemented and, accordingly, the fuel cell had an 83% share of the exergy destruction and the whole system obtained a 95% exergy efficiency.

scholarly journals Energy Efficiency Improvement of Debutanizer Column, for NGL Separation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 255-260
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ould Brahim ◽  
◽  
Souad Abderafi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Reflux Ratio ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Head Pressure ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
Natural Gas Combustion

Compared to other petroleum, the natural gas combustion remains the cleanest and the one showing less CO2 emission. These reasons make the natural gas combustion one of the important issues to study. The separation of NGL is energy intensive. This operation is performed through a series of column including the debutanizer column. The present work is devoted to optimize the energy consumption at the level of the debutanizer column. The response surface technique and deploying a central composite numerical design is followed makes use of available data from a refinery. Using a multiple linear regressions, the optimization method leads us to three reliable models. Each of the three models takes as input the reflux ratio and the head pressure in order to predict the condenser heat duty, the reboiler heat duty and the purity of the produced butane. Suggested mathematical models were validated and their reliability was assessed via a set of statistical analyses. The optimization aims to simultaneously minimize the energy consumption of the condenser and reboiler, and maximize the purity of the ejected Butane. This optimization step allowed us to define the optimal values of reflux ratio and head pressure, with desirability function equal to 99 %. Under the determined optimal values, operating energy and cost of the industrial process were reduced by 38 % and 37 %, respectively, and besides, a high purity of butane was noticed reaching 99 %. From an economic point of view, separation NGL with optimal values of pressure and reflux ratio, may contribute to a decrease of CO2 emission and increases the energy efficiency.

South-east Asia turns to gas to meet energy need

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Pacific Basin ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Electricity Networks ◽  
The Pacific

Subject South-east Asia gas outlook. Significance Although traditionally an exporter of liquefied natural gas (LNG), South-east Asia is fast becoming a gas demand centre as energy consumption rises, domestic gas production declines and opposition to coal-fired electricity increases. Impacts South-east Asia’s gas demand will be facilitated by the rise in global LNG capacity. Import dependence will renew regional focus on transnational electricity networks and renewables. The Pacific basin will become the epicentre of LNG trade.

Using Structural Topic Modeling to Explore the Role of Framing in Shaping the Debate on Liquefied Natural Gas Terminals in Oregon

2021 ◽  
pp. 000276422110562
Author(s):  
Greg Stelmach ◽  
Hilary Boudet
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Drastic Increase ◽  
Local Impacts

The drastic increase in domestic production of natural gas due to the fracking boom prompted efforts to develop a robust infrastructure in the U.S. to export natural gas. Given environmental concerns over increased fossil fuel development, significant opposition mobilized to “keep it [fossil fuels] in the ground” by acting to prevent not only natural gas production but also its transportation via pipelines and shipping via export terminals. Our analysis focuses on the latter component, specifically examining the long history of proposed liquefied natural gas infrastructure in two coastal communities in Oregon. Members of the public engaged in the formal siting processes and mobilized both opposition and support. We examine their use of collective action frames in both comments at public hearings and letters to the editor in local newspapers ( N = 4618) over the 16 years that these proposals were under consideration, quantifying the dynamic nature of framing using computational text analysis. We find that both groups vary their use of framing over time and by venue, reacting to exogenous events (e.g., September 11th, Fukushima) and tailor their messages to the context (e.g., an in-person hearing or a letter to the editor). Opponents concentrated on potential threats, initially emphasizing local impacts like tanker and pipeline safety but eventually focusing on climate concerns. Supporters, meanwhile, stressed the economic benefits of the projects but alternated their specific framing based on venue—focusing on employment when talking to regulatory agencies and community economic benefits in letters. While this juxtaposition of economic benefits and environmental threats was a key part of public discourse, opponents also expanded their framing to questions of local sovereignty and governance, allowing a broader coalition to develop and ultimately succeeding in defeating the proposals.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence Applied to Evaluate Emissions and Energy Consumption in Commuter Railways: Comparison of Liquefied Natural Gas as an Alternative Fuel to Diesel

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7112
Author(s):  
Pablo Luque ◽  
Daniel A. Mántaras ◽  
Luciano Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Railway Traction ◽  
Common Effort ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pilot Tests

At present, there is a common effort to reduce the environmental effect of energy consumption. With this objective, the transportation sector seeks to improve emissions in all its modes. In particular, the rail transport industry is analysing various alternatives for non-electrified lines. These services are mainly carried out with diesel units. As an alternative to diesel fuel, in the present study the use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in railway traction was analysed. A predictive model was developed and implemented in order to estimate the emissions impact of this fuel on different rail routes or networks. The model was fitted with real data obtained from pilot tests. In these tests, a train with two engines, one diesel and the other LNG, was used. The methodology was applied to evaluate the impact on consumption and emissions of the two fuels on a narrow-gauge commuter line. An improvement was observed in some indicators, while in others there was no clear progress. The conclusions that can be drawn are that CO2 (greenhouse gas) operating emissions are lower in the LNG engine than in the diesel line; CO emissions are lower in the diesel engine and emissions of other pollutants (nitrogen oxide and particles) are higher in the diesel engine by several orders of magnitude.

scholarly journals Environmental Degradation in Indonesia and Malaysia: The Effect of Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, Population, and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Ahmad Farabi ◽  
Azrai Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Annual Data

The main objective of this study is to examine how energy consumption, economic growth, population, and foreign direct investment (FDI) affects CO2 emissions in Indonesia and Malaysia. This study uses the longest and most updated annual data during the period 1960-2018. To get a deeper analysis, this study employs disaggregate of CO2 emissions and energy consumption data namely, oil, coal and natural gas. The ordinary least square which preceded by unit root test and classical assumption test are employed. The results show that all type of energy consumption affect positively to CO2 emission. Economic growth is identified as the variable with greatest influences on CO2 emissions in oil and natural gas model, while CO2 emissions from coal consumption are mainly affected by populations. The study concludes that economic growth of both countries relies heavily on fossil fuel. CO2 emission sourced from coal mostly affected by population due to the high demand of electricity from household fulfilled by power generation which use coal as the fuel. The EKC hypothesis is confirmed in the model of gas, indicate that natural gas is the most appropriate source of energy to be used at the certain level. Using natural gas is effectively decrease the CO2 emission while in the same time increase the economic growth. Natural gas is also found as the most environmentally friendly fossil fuel due as it produces less CO2 emission compared to oil and coal. The findings have important implications for policy makers in determining policy and business decisions especially to enhance environmentally friendly energy uses for the benefit of the economy.

scholarly journals Environmental Impacts of Introducing LNG as Alternative Fuel for Urban Buses – Case Study in Slovakia

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 837-847
Author(s):  
Martin Jurkovič ◽  
Tomáš Kalina ◽  
Tomáš Skrúcaný ◽  
Piotr Gorzelanczyk ◽  
Vladimír Ľupták
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
European Standard ◽  
Bus Transport

The aim of the paper is to assess the possibility of decreasing the chosen environmental indicators like energy consumption, greenhouse gas (GHG) production and other exhaust pollutants in the selected region in Slovakia by introducing Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) buses into bus transport. The assessment is carried out by comparing the consumption and emissions of current buses (EURO 2) in real operation, with potential buses (EURO 6) and with pilot LNG buses testing on the same lines. Comparison took place under the same conditions over the same period. The study measures the energy consumption and GHG production per bus. The research paper also compares two methodologies of calculation. The first calculation is according to the European Standard EN 16258: 2012 which specifies the general methodology for evaluation and declaration of energy consumption and GHG emissions (all services - cargo, passengers or both). The second calculation is according to the Handbook of Emission Factors for Road Transport (HBEFA). The results of the calculation are compared  by both methods, and the most suitable version of the bus in terms of GHG emissions is proposed.

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