scholarly journals The Effect of Fines on Hydraulic Conductivity of Lawrencepur, Chenab and Ravi Sand

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 796
Author(s):  
Tanveer Ahmed Khan ◽  
Khalid Farooq ◽  
Mirza Muhammad ◽  
Mudasser Muneer Khan ◽  
Syyed Adnan Raheel Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Proctor Test ◽  
Constant Head ◽  
Standard Proctor Test

The amount of fines in sand greatly influence the permeability of sandy soils. Thus, this research was conducted to study the effect of plastic and non-plastic fines on the permeability of three types of sands (Lawrencepur sand, Chenab sand and Ravi sand). For this purpose, plastic and non-plastic fines were collected from different location of Lahore. Samples were prepared by mixing plastic and non-plastic fines into each type of sand separately, in amounts ranging from 0% to 50% with increments of five percent. Overall 63 samples were prepared. Sieve analysis and hydrometric analysis were performed to obtain particle size distribution for each sample. Atterberg’s limits were also determined and each sample was classified according to the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS). Compaction tests were performed on all samples as per the procedure in a standard Proctor test. The test samples were compacted in permeability molds with optimum moisture contents to obtain the density, as per a standard Proctor test. Hydraulic conductivity tests were performed on all sixty-three samples using a constant head permeameter and a falling head permeameter. Permeability results were plotted against the percentage of fines added. It was noted from the curves that the permeability of sand-fine mixtures shows a decreasing trend with the addition of fine contents. A few trials were performed to formulate a correlation. Validation of the correlation was performed with the results of 52 data sets from the field. Finally, the devised correlation was compared with three empirical equations proposed by Mujtaba, Kozeny–Carman and Hazen.

scholarly journals A Experimental Study of Laboratory Compaction and Sand Cone on Foundation Tub Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Meti ◽  
Tri Harianto ◽  
Abdul Rachman Djamaluddin ◽  
Achmad Bakri Muhiddin
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Average Moisture Content ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
Test Characteristics ◽  
Foundation Model ◽  
Model Foundation ◽  
Proctor Test ◽  
Compaction Method

Soil is a very important material so that it must be able to support the loads above it, so the soil must have a sufficiently good soil bearing capacity. In this study, the soil compaction was compared with the laboratory compaction method with the sandcone method. The objectives of the study were knowing the characteristics of the soil and knowing the laboratory compaction compares with the sandcone compaction in the foundation tub. Soil is drawn from the same point for the Proctor Test and Sand cone Test. The results of this test are used in the foundation model test. Characteristics testing in the laboratory: moisture content, density, consistency limits (LL, PL), sieve analysis, hydrometer, laboratory compaction and  sandcone. Research result It was found that the soil type was based on the AASHTO classification was A-7-5 and the soil classification based on the Unifield Soil Classification System (USCS) was MH. Laboratory compaction (Proctor Test) average moisture content of 32.26%, γd maximum 1.33 g/cm³, and the sandcone compaction  of  model foundation test of soil without foundation ɣd was 1.36 g/cm³ , Vertically arranged tire foundation ɣd was 1.36 g /cm³ , horizontally arranged tire foundation  ɣd was 1.36 g /cm³

scholarly journals Comparative study on Design of flexible pavement by various methods (GI method & CBR method)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2979-2983
Author(s):  
Vivek Kumar Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Pavement ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
Plastic Limit ◽  
Project Report ◽  
The Road ◽  
Limit Test ◽  
Proctor Test ◽  
Standard Proctor Test

Abstract: In the project report, an attempt is made to design a road, based on the principles of pavement design and cost analysis of y two methods (Group Indexed and CBR Method). On the existing alignment of the road, soil samples are collected for the determination of soil characteristics like consistency limits, sieve analysis, C.B.R. values etc. Based on this the thickness of the pavement (flexible) is designed. The alignment of the road is also designed and fixed by surveying and leveling. The total road length being 497 meters of which, one section is 247m, other is 200m and the third section is 50m. The site selected for this study is of village road near Korba, Korba district of Chhattisgarh, India. Keywords: GI Method, Flexible Pavement, CBR Method, Liquid Limit Test, Plastic Limit, Standard Proctor test, OMS & MDD.

scholarly journals Physiological potential of soybean seeds after maturation and submitted to artificial drying

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-384
Author(s):  
Cesar Pedro Hartmann Filho ◽  
André Luís Duarte Goneli ◽  
Tathiana Elisa Masetto ◽  
Elton Aparecido Siqueira Martins ◽  
Guilherme Cardoso Oba
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Maturation Stages

Abstract: This study evaluated the physiological potential of soybean seeds harvested during two seasons, on different maturation stages and subjected to different drying temperatures. The seeds were harvested at the maturations stages R7, R7 + 2, R7 + 3, R7 + 5, R7 + 6, R7 + 7, R7 + 10 and R7 + 12 days (55, 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, and 20% of moisture content). For each maturation stage, seeds were divided into three samples: one sample was used to directly evaluate the physiological potential, and the others were dried at 40 °C and 50 °C, until reaching the moisture content of 11.5%. The physiological potential was evaluated through germination test, first germination count of germination, accelerated aging, modified cold, electrical conductivity and seedling emergence. The maximum physiological potential of seeds is achieved at the moisture content of 55%, the point that the dry matter is maximum. The seeds became tolerant to artificial drying approximately at the stage R7 + 7 days (30% of moisture content). Germination and vigor of the soybean seeds reduce as the drying temperature is increased from 40 °C to 50 °C, and this effect is enhanced when the seeds show moisture contents above 30%.

scholarly journals Comparison of three measurement methods of saturated hydraulic condutivity

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 987-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Fallico ◽  
E. Migliari ◽  
S. Troisi
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Constant Head ◽  
Log Normal

Abstract. After pointing out the importance of the saturated hydraulic conductivity (ks) measurements and the difficulties and uncertainties that are present, and after recalling salient aspects of three well-known measurement methods of this parameter (i.e. constant-head tension infiltrometer (TI) method, constant-head pressure infiltrometer (PI) method and soil core (SC) estimates method), the results of an investigation on data which were obtained during a measurement campaign on an area of 800 m2, on a sandy loam hillslope, located in Southern Italy, were carried out again here. Three sets of values of ks, obtained with these measurement methods, were analyzed statistically, verifying that the log-normal distribution describes these better than the normal one; moreover, the more significant statistical parameters of each set were compared (average value , amplitude A, coefficient of variation CV and standard deviation SD), individualizing the more significant differences. The greatest value of hydraulic conductivity was found with method (PI), while the smallest with (SC) and the intermediate with (TI); these differences were translated into macroporosity and into the influence of the single measurement method. Moreover, referring to the possible factors affecting the results, the importance can be noted of the structure, the texture and the soil events, in terms of utilization, which can affect the measure of ks leading often to very different values even for similar soils, but with a different history, independently of the coincidence of the measurement points and they can be determining to explain the differences affecting the results obtained in analogous investigations by other researchers. Having confirmed that generalization is not possible, the need was emphasized to adopt the necessary devices relating to the specific measurement method, case by case, and to carefully explain the obtained results, in the light of the peculiarities and the limits of each situation. Finally, the results of similar statistical analysis carried out on a greater number of ks values, measured through the (TI) and (PI) methods are shown in this paper, with some statistical considerations on the increasing of the measurements number.

scholarly journals Soil classification at Muaro Baru beach of Padang City using CPT data

2021 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
Rina Yuliet ◽  
Mas Mera ◽  
Krismon Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Empirical Correlations ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Geotechnical Parameters ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
Soil Behaviour ◽  
Behaviour Type

Many semi-empiric correlations have been developed to estimate geotechnical parameters based on Cone Penetration Test (CPT) data for various types of soils. This paper aims to classify soil types based on CPT data with several semi-empiric correlations and compare the results of some of these correlations. In this study, the field CPT and the laboratory test were carried out on soil from two closely spaced locations in the estuary area of Muaro Baru, Padang city. The CPT data was used to determine the soil type using several semi-empirical correlations, namely; friction ratios, Schertmann (1978), Robertson and Campanella (1983), and Robertson et al. (1986), then updated by Robertson in 2010. Soil Behaviour Type (SBT) is based on the cone resistance (qc), sleeve friction (qs), and friction ratio (Rf). The Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) is also used to classify soils using sieve analysis. The results showed that from the several semi-empirical correlations obtained compatibility soil classification and soil profiles.

scholarly journals CONTROLE ESTATÍSTICO DE QUALIDADE DA CONDUTIVIDADE HIDRÁULICA EM LUVISSOLO E NEOSSOLO COM VARIAÇÃO DA DENSIDADE DO SOLO

Irriga ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
Floriano Luiz Suszek ◽  
Silvio Cesar Sampaio ◽  
Vera Lucia Antunes De Lima
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Control Charts ◽  
Density Variation ◽  
Statistical Quality Control ◽  
Agricultural Drainage ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Statistical Control ◽  
Soil Physics ◽  
Constant Head ◽  
Improving Accuracy

CONTROLE ESTATÍSTICO DE QUALIDADE DA CONDUTIVIDADE HIDRÁULICA EM LUVISSOLO E NEOSSOLO COM VARIAÇÃO DA DENSIDADE DO SOLO     FLORIANO LUIZ SUSZEK1; SILVIO CÉSAR SAMPAIO2 E VERA LÚCIA ANTUNES DE LIMA3   1Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola (PGEAGRI), Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Rua Universitária, nº 1619 – Jd. Universitário, CEP: 85809-110, Cascavel, Paraná, Brasil, [email protected]. 2Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Departamento de Recursos Hídricos e Saneamento Ambiental, Rua Universitária, nº 1619 – Jd. Universitário, CEP: 85809-110, Cascavel, Paraná, Brasil, [email protected]. 3Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Centro de Tecnologia e Recursos Naturais, Rua Aprígio Veloso, nº 882, Universitário, CEP: 58429-900, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected].     1 RESUMO   A condutividade hidráulica é um dos principais fatores para dimensionamento de sistemas de drenagem agrícola. Uma das metodologias utilizadas para a obtenção da condutividade hidráulica é o permeâmetro de carga constante. Porém a grande variação dos resultados gera necessidade de análises para melhorar a precisão destes, como o uso de gráficos de controle estatístico de qualidade. Este trabalho analisou por meio de gráficos de controle, a metodologia do permeâmetro de carga constante para dois solos diferentes na obtenção da condutividade hidráulica, variando a densidade dos solos e analisando seu índice de sensibilidade. O LUVISSOLO CRÔMICO é mais sensível à variação de densidade do solo, para a condutividade hidráulica, do que o NEOSSOLO REGOLÍTICO. Os gráficos de controle foram úteis na melhoria da precisão dos valores analisados, mostrando a variação da condutividade hidráulica e quais foram os pontos fora dos limites desejáveis.   Palavras-chave: Drenagem agrícola, propriedades físicas do solo, permeâmetro de carga constante.     SUSZEK, F. L.; SAMPAIO, S. C.; LIMA, V. L. A. de STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL IN HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY FOR LUVISOL AND ENTISOL WITH DENSITY VARIATION     2 ABSTRACT   Hydraulic conductivity is one of the main factors for the design of agricultural drainage systems. One of the methodologies used to obtain the hydraulic conductivity is the constant head permeameter. However, the large variation of results generates the need for analyzes to improve their accuracy, such as the use of quality statistical control graphs. This work analyzed, by means of control charts, the methodology of constant head permeameter for two different soils in obtaining hydraulic conductivity, varying the density of soils and analyzing their sensitivity index. Luvisol is more sensitive to density variation, for hydraulic conductivity, than  entisol. Control graphs were useful in improving  accuracy of the analyzed values, showing the variation of hydraulic conductivity and what were the points outside the desirable limits.   Keywords: Agricultural drainage, soil physics properties, constant head permeameter.

scholarly journals An approach to identify soil types by using hydraulic conductivity values

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Maritha Nilam Kusuma ◽  
Wahyono Hadi ◽  
Budisantoso Wirjodirdjo ◽  
Yulfiah Yulfiah
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Constant Head ◽  
Soil Filtration

Water treatment in Indonesia still uses coagulant to reduce the contaminant. Therefore, an infiltration gallery is required as the pre-treatment before conventional water treatment conducted. Infiltration gallery is a natural technology for absorbing or filtrating the contaminant. The hydraulic conductivity plays the main role in soil filtration. There are many types of soil with different hydraulic conductivities. In infiltration gallery method it is important to identify the hydraulic conductivity value as the preliminary analysis because it is the important indicator to show the ability of soil to flow the water from one side to other sides when filtrating the contaminant. The slower the conductivity is, the better the quality of the water will be. The method used in this study was the Constant head Permeameter. The result of this study shows that the same type of soil type has different hydraulic conductivities.

Measuring unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (K(ψm)) of the F and H soil organic layers at small matric potential (ψm)

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 965-968
Author(s):  
B. Wilske ◽  
E. A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Matric Potential ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Organic Layers ◽  
Soil Organic Layer ◽  
Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Constant Head

Wilske, B. and Johnson, E. A. 2011. Measuring unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (K(ψm)) of the F and H soil organic layers at small matric potential (ψm). Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 965–968. K(ψm) of the soil organic layers is a key parameter to assess water redistribution in cold-climate forests. This study tested the twin suction disc apparatus (TSD) as a new method to measure K(ψm) of the F and H layers directly. We compared the results to two studies. One represents a large data base, the other used similar sample locations; but both derived K(ψm) from combining two methods, i.e., pressure plate measurements combined with the instantaneous profile technique or the constant head approach. The TSD data are consistent with previous results considering the large variability in K(ψm) from the combined methods. This suggests that the TSD method represents an alternative to determine K(ψm) of the soil organic layer.

Hydraulic tomography using joint inversion of head and flux data 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Pouladiborj ◽  
Olivier Bour ◽  
Niklas Linde ◽  
Laurent Longuevergne
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Joint Inversion ◽  
Data Type ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Hydraulic Tomography ◽  
Flux Data ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Resolution Analysis ◽  
Constant Head

<p>Hydraulic tomography is a state of the art method for inferring hydraulic conductivity fields using head data. Here, a numerical model is used to simulate a steady-state hydraulic tomography experiment by assuming a Gaussian hydraulic conductivity field (also constant storativity) and generating the head and flux data in different observation points. We employed geostatistical inversion using head and flux data individually and jointly to better understand the relative merits of each data type. For the typical case of a small number of observation points, we find that flux data provide a better resolved hydraulic conductivity field compared to head data when considering data with similar signal-to-noise ratios. In the case of a high number of observation points, we find the estimated fields to be of similar quality regardless of the data type. A resolution analysis for a small number of observations reveals that head data averages over a broader region than flux data, and flux data can better resolve the hydraulic conductivity field than head data. The inversions' performance depends on borehole boundary conditions, with the best performing setting for flux data and head data are constant head and constant rate, respectively. However, the joint inversion results of both data types are insensitive to the borehole boundary type. Considering the same number of observations, the joint inversion of head and flux data does not offer advantages over individual inversions. By increasing the hydraulic conductivity field variance, we find that the resulting increased non-linearity makes it more challenging to recover high-quality estimates of the reference hydraulic conductivity field. Our findings would be useful for future planning and design of hydraulic tomography tests comprising the flux and head data.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document