Improvement of Soil by Using Natural Material (JUTE AND GYPSUM)

Generally clay exhibits undesirable engineering properties like poor bearing capacity and higher compressibility. Thus the improvement of the soil at site is indispensable. There are many stabilizers to improve the strength of soil like Jute, Gypsum, fly ash, rice husk ash, cement, lime used rubber tyres etc. In the present Study , we added jute and gypsum as stabilizer to improve the properties of clayey soil . Locally available clayey soil is used in this study . The objective of this study is to improve the strength of the clayey soil by making soil-jute and soil-jute-gypsum mixture. six specimens are prepared to investigate the properties of soil out of which three specimens are prepared by adding 1% of jute with varying length of 1cm,2cm and 3cm and the remaining three specimens are prepared by adding 1% jute and gypsum each with varying length of 1cm,2cm and 3cm of jute . Standard proctor test and unconfined compressive strength test are conducted to analyse the optimum moisture content (OMC), Maximum dry density (MDD) and compressive strength of soil mixture.

Comparative study on Design of flexible pavement by various methods (GI method & CBR method)

In the project report, an attempt is made to design a road, based on the principles of pavement design and cost analysis of y two methods (Group Indexed and CBR Method). On the existing alignment of the road, soil samples are collected for the determination of soil characteristics like consistency limits, sieve analysis, C.B.R. values etc. Based on this the thickness of the pavement (flexible) is designed. The alignment of the road is also designed and fixed by surveying and leveling. The total road length being 497 meters of which, one section is 247m, other is 200m and the third section is 50m. The site selected for this study is of village road near Korba, Korba district of Chhattisgarh, India. Keywords: GI Method, Flexible Pavement, CBR Method, Liquid Limit Test, Plastic Limit, Standard Proctor test, OMS & MDD.

Biochar Effects on Soil Compaction in Two Contrasting Soils

<p>Although research on biochar use in soils has increased, its influence on soil compaction has been reported relatively little.<strong> </strong>The primary objective of this study was to measure the effects of biochar amendment on soil compaction, including infiltration capacity and aggregation, of two contrasting soils: a low soil organic carbon and hydrophilic degraded vineyard soil and a wildfire-degraded high soil organic carbon and hydrophobic forest soil.</p><p>We conducted a controlled laboratory soil column study (6 replicates), with PVC tubes filled with control soils and soil-biochar mixtures at a range of moisture contents. The mixtures were compacted under a falling load height that mimicked the standard proctor test. After the compaction procedure, infiltration capacity was determined with a mini disk infiltrometer, and bulk density and mean weight diameter were determined for the upper and lower halves of the soil column.</p>

Stabilization of clayey soil using Gypsum

The poor soil properties result in foundation failures of the structure which further causes in cracks of structural elements and walls. To avoid this, it is essential to enhance the soil properties. Soil stabilization is one of the processes to improve the engineering properties of the soil and thus making it more stable. It is required when the soil available for construction is not appropriate for the intended purpose. In this research, for stabilizing clayey soil and to achieve higher strength in minimum time period, gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) is used as one of the soil stabilizing agents. Experiments were planned to evaluate the properties of clayey soil on the addition of different percentages of Gypsum i.e., 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% to the existing soil. Tests conducted on clayey soil mixed with Gypsum included are, Atterberg’s Limits, Specific Gravity and Standard Proctor Test. A comparison between the properties of clayey soil, clayey soil mixed with Gypsum is done to understand the effect of Gypsum addition on soil properties. It was observed that the soil properties were enhanced for 6% of Gypsum addition to the soil.

Laboratory Method to Assess Efficacy of Dust Suppressants for Dirt and Gravel Roads

Particulate matter (PM) generated from dirt and gravel roads is a concern for both human and environmental health. To help reduce the amount of PM generated, many states allow the use of water coproduced from oil and gas wells (i.e., brines) as road dust suppressants. However, few methods exist to quantify the effectiveness of these brines and other dust suppressants. Here we designed and tested a bench-scale method to test the efficacy of dust suppressants on dirt and gravel road materials. The Standard Proctor test was modified to create discs of road aggregate that could be treated with dust suppressant, dried, and then tumbled in a mechanical drum attached to an aerosol monitor that measured PM generated within the drum. Using two types of road aggregate (DSA and 2RC) and a combination of nine simulated brines, the effects of brine total dissolved solids (TDS), and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) on dust suppression were calculated. The effects of moisture content and aggregate type were also observed. Higher TDS and lower SAR were found to be good predictors of dust-suppression effectiveness, with the degree of effectiveness partially dependent on the type of road aggregate. The test method provides a means to quickly and reproducibly compare effectiveness of dust suppressants, with other variables such as aggregate type and moisture content, to accurately estimate dust suppression. Comparisons of dust measurements collected within the laboratory and vehicle-based measurements offer the ability to relate laboratory results to conditions encountered on dirt and gravel roads.

PENGARUH ENERGI PEMADATAN DI LABORATORIUM TERHADAP PARAMETER KOMPAKSI MATERIAL CRUSHED LIMESTONE PADALARANG

Pelaksanaan konstruksi timbunan jalan (road embankment) merupakan suatu pekerjaan yang memerlukan kajian geoteknik. Kajian geoteknik dilakukan terhadap material timbunan (fill material) yang akan digunakan pada saat tahapan pemadatan (kompaksi) di lapangan. Evaluasi terhadap hasil suatu proses kompaksi mengacu terhadap parameter kompaksi dari fill material yang telah disyaratkan oleh spesifikasi desain. Parameter kompaksi tersebut antara lain adalah kadar air optimum (optimum moisture content, wopt) dan berat isi kering maksimum (maximum dry density, ?dry max). Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan mengevaluasi pengaruh energi pemadatan di laboratorium terhadap parameter kompaksi material crushed limestone yang berasal dari daerah Padalarang, Jawa Barat. Terdapat 4 (empat) variasi energi pemadatan (E) yang ditinjau pada studi ini yaitu : 605 kN.m/m3 (energi standard Proctor, E1); 1.4 E1; 2.2 E1 dan 3.0 E1. Keseluruhan uji kompaksi di laboratorium menggunakan mold dan rammer untuk standard Proctor test (ASTM D 698). Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan energi pemadatan untuk kompaksi di laboratorium sebesar 3 kali energi pemadatan standard Proctor, hanya menghasilkan kenaikan gdry max sebesar 5% dan merubah nilai wopt sebesar 3%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan energi pemadatan di laboratorium tidak terlalu berpengaruh terhadap nilai gdry max maupun wopt , untuk kondisi crushed limestone bergradasi buruk (poorly graded) dengan rentang ukuran butir 0.85mm – 4.75mm.

Potentials of Commonly Used Lime and Agricultural Waste in Stabilization of Sub-Grade Soil

Present study deals with the correlation between structural and mechanical characterization of sub-grade soils to increase the strength of soil for road. Clays are generally poor materials for foundations due to large lateral pressure and low resilient modulus. This investigation were carried out with waste products(Agricultural waste) like Rice Husk Ash (RHA) along with various percentages of locally available lime. X-ray fluorescence (XRF), California Bearing Ratio test (C.B.R), Standard Proctor Test, Unconfined Compression Test were done on these samples to characterize the structural and mechanical properties as significant increase in strength properties were observed in the soil samples upon mixing with RHA and lime. It was observed that soaking strength is around 16.8 for the Sample C-3 (Soil+9% RHA). Increase of strength may be due to the reduction of mica in the soil sample. Increase of the silica in the soil sample finally increase the strength and stability. The maximum soaking strength was observed 24.82 for the Sample C-7 ( Soil + 9 % RHA + 8 % Lime). It is obvious because the wt.% mica phase become minimum for this composition. XRF results also reveals that silica and calcium contents are maximum for this composition. So microstructural results revealed that the mica phase may play very important role for maintaining the strength and stability of the soil.

The Effect of Periwinkle Shell Ash Mixed with Cement on Water Absorption and Shrinkage of Lateritic Block

The aim of the study is to examine the effect of periwinkle shell ash (PSA) blended with cement on the water absorption and shrinkage of lateritic blocks. The objectives that would help achieve the stated aim are to investigate the water absorption and shrinkage properties of lateritic blocks blended with periwinkle shell ash/cement. The following methods were used during the research: sedimentation test, standard proctor test, Atterberg’s limit test, smell and Nibble tests. Specific gravity of PSA, bulk density and porosity of PSA were carried out. 5 % of the cement and percentage replacement levels of 0 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 % and 50 % of cement with PSA were used for block production. 21 cm × 10 cm × 10 cm blocks were moulded, cured and subjected to water absorption and shrinkage tests. Data were collected and analysed using graphs, correlation and regression analyses. Result shows that percentage water absorption for replacement levels 0 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 % were 12.08 %, 16.38 %, 18.21 %, 19.95 %. Again, from 0 % replacement to 30 % replacement of cement with PSA, the linear shrinkage increased from 1.5 mm to 2.8 mm. It implies that up to 30 %, the maximum crack the block could form is 2.8 mm, whereas the maximum allowable crack width for walling materials is 3.0 mm. Therefore, percentage replacement of up to 30 % is recommended for use in lateritic block.

Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil by using the Admixtures of Pond Ash and Lime

we have done some experiments on black cotton soil to strengthen the soil. Black cotton soil is very expansive soil so it is not used under basements for any building works. So our experiment shows that how to use black cotton soil in building purposes. So that we have done researches on adding lime and pond ash to make useful of black cotton soil.Changes in various soil properties such as Liquid limit, Plastic Limit, Maximum Dry Density, Optimum Moisture Content were studied. Keywords– Black cotton soil, density, will lime, soil, and stabilization. So we have done the some mixed proportions of 10%, 15% and 20% of pond and lime. So we utilize the waste material which comes from the thermal power plant. By that we can decrease the rate of expenditure for the construction of roads Based upon the performance of the test such as standard proctor test and other to know the required amount of the material to stabilize the black cotton soil.