The Degradation of the Territories of Snow Polygons

The assessment of the degree of degradation of the soil and vegetation cover in the territory of storage of snow masses was carried out. It is established that in the soils of the polygons there is a decrease in the reserves of organic carbon, an increase in the power of the abiotic alluvial layer, a reduction in the power of the upper part of the soil profile, washouts and algae are formed. It is determined that the soil filtration coefficients are low. Stagnation of water near the surface and prolonged waterlogging against the background of low temperatures during the entire period of snowmelt were revealed. The soils of all snow polygons are characterized as highly degraded. They have lost their valuable functions for humans and need to be reclaimed.

A Sustainable and Low-Cost Soil Filter Column for Removing Pathogens from Swine Wastewater: The Role of Endogenous Soil Protozoa

The increase of swine production in the Pacific Islands has inevitably led to environmental pollution concerns from discharged wastewater derived from both washing and manure. The slurry accumulates in lagoons, where supernatant wastewater containing high levels of pathogens and nutrients becomes nonpoint source water pollution that deteriorates the quality of receiving water bodies. Soil filtration is a promising cost-effective technology for removing pollutants from swine wastewater; however, the excessive growth of bacteria in soil media often accompanies the filtration process. This study investigates soil filtration mediated by protozoa activities to remove Escherichia coli (E. coli) in synthetic swine wastewater. The experiment used plastic columns packed with Leilehua soil from Oahu Island, Hawaii. The soil physicochemical adsorption was seen to reduce 95.52–96.47% of E. coli. However, the average removal efficiencies were increased to 98.17% in a single stage, and 99.99% in two sequential columns, under predation conditions. The filtration media containing naturally established bacterivores with the prey, provided a bioactive means to remove E. coli from the influent. The proper design of Leilehua soil filters potentially removes E. coli from the influent to meet the standard level of recycled water.

Increasing Ground Water Level by Penetrating Surface Runoff

System proposed in this paper is the planned filtrating penetration system to harvest the surface runoff like storm water into our designed unit in order to increase the natural level and replenishment of ground water resources. Ground water recharge is increasing in popularity as ground water resources are being depleted due to excess of water extraction of water from boreholes in the urban areas. Although the primary objective of this technology is to preserve or increase ground water resources, this kind of artificial recharge has been used for many other beneficial purposes. These include additional treatment (through soil filtration) and conservation or disposal of treated wastewater or floodwaters, storage of water to reduce pumping and piping costs as well as temporary regulation of ground water abstraction. Furthermore water quality can be improved through the removal of suspended solids via soil filtration (see also aquifer treatment) or through the dilution with naturally occurring ground water.

Decreased of Psycologic Problem during Pandemic Sars-Covid 2 in the Community

Calcareous soil that contains enough free calcium carbonate to effervesce visibly, releasing carbon-dioxide gas, when treated with diluted sulfuric acid. Analysis of calcareous soil in Jordan valley after treatment with aqueous low concentration sulfuric acid shows some change in the physical prosperities of the soil such as reduction of calcium carbonate from 66% to 30%, soil density from 1.60 g/cm3 to 1.19 g/cm3 . Soil texture is convert from silt clay loam to silt loam this physical changing makes soil permeability is easier so it could be suitable for agricultural without effect in plant growth also we show reduce soil PH and increasing in soil filtration tare. We showed several changes in the plants, which planted in the treated soil by sulfuric acid as increasing in the product from 10 - 25 %, would reduce in using chemical fertilizers from 15-30% and absence of soil diseases.

Effect of Adding Dilute Sulphuric Acid on Calcareous Soil Properties in Jordan Valley

Calcareous soil that contains enough free calcium carbonate to effervesce visibly, releasing carbon-dioxide gas, when treated with diluted sulfuric acid. Analysis of calcareous soil in Jordan valley after treatment with aqueous low concentration sulfuric acid shows some change in the physical prosperities of the soil such as reduction of calcium carbonate from 66% to 30%, soil density from 1.60 g/cm3 to 1.19 g/cm3 . Soil texture is convert from silt clay loam to silt loam this physical changing makes soil permeability is easier so it could be suitable for agricultural without effect in plant growth also we show reduce soil PH and increasing in soil filtration tare. We showed several changes in the plants, which planted in the treated soil by sulfuric acid as increasing in the product from 10 - 25 %, would reduce in using chemical fertilizers from 15-30% and absence of soil diseases.

EXPERIMENTAL SUBSTANTIATION OF SOIL SELECTION IN RECONSTRUCTION OF A MAIN GAS PIPELINE

The results of complex geotechnical studies aimed at creating a temporary soil dam for the reconstruction of the main gas pipeline are conducted. Based on the study of the properties of the three types of soils that are in the vicinity, the technical-economical efficiency and prediction of the compaction of the recommended soil are substantiated. The choice of soil laid in the dam should be carried out on the basis of the study of the properties of soils and feasibility study. Technical-economical assessment is impossible without knowledge of the characteristics of the soil, which were obtained in laboratory conditions. Three series of experiments were performed for this: determination of soil density; determination of the angle of repose; determination of soil filtration coefficient. The parameters were investigated in the course of the experiments, on which the quality of the soil dam depends to the greatest extent: density; angle of repose during dumping; filtration properties (filtration coefficient). Based on an analysis of the current situation, proceeding on environmental requirements and considerations of economic feasibility, it was proposed to fill in a temporary embankment to allow the piles to be loaded by driving, and to make it out of medium-sized sand composing the surface thickness in a given area. On the assumption of the technological requirements of the reconstruction, the dam should be 5 m high and 36 m high on the top and 51 m high on the bottom. Based on experimental-analytical researches, a motivated choice of soil is substantiated, which made it possible to obtain an economic effect confirmed by the act.

Hydrogeological assumptions for stormwater management in Tallinn

Most cities in temperate climate zones, including Tallinn, face the threat of torrential rains and resultant floods, which cause extensive damage to city economies. The main causes of floods are climatic; however, unreasonable building activity and insufficiently developed and maintained drainage systems also contribute to this problem. The percentage of impervious pavement has increased with the consolidation of buildings and road networks. Rainwater drainage is an important issue in a number of different areas of human activity ranging from town planning and environmental protection to building, maintenance and operation of rainwater drainage systems. Hence, to deal with the rainwater drainage issue, it is necessary to develop an integrated and scientifically justified strategy. The present study represents a constituent part of the relevant strategy development process. The authors pay special attention to options for increasing rainwater percolation in different environmental conditions, including geological setting, topography and different soil filtration properties.

Mathematical modelling of soil massifs strained-deformed state under soil water level decreasing

The analytical solutions for the determination of vertical displacements at any point of single-layer and multilayer soil compositions under filtration water flow influence, saline solutions presence and filtration considering soil changing filtration and deformation characteristics have been obtained. The mathematical models of soil filtration and the stress-deformed state from water-saturated ground massifs and bases deformations forecast under internal volumetric forces influence (hydrodynamic forces of the filtration flow, changes in the soils own weight) have been developed and substantiated. Numerical solutions of the corresponding boundary filtration problems and SDS of soil in regions with time-varying curvilinear boundary have been obtained for these mathematical models. They have enabled to perform water-saturated soils and bases deformations forecast under the change of hydrogeological conditions and man-made factors effect.