scholarly journals Determination of Particles and Carcinogenic Compounds Emitted by Combustion of Diesel and Diesel:Biodiesel Blends

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (23) ◽  
pp. 1505
Author(s):  
Samantha Arteaga-Del Angel ◽  
Brenda L. Valle-Hernandez ◽  
Violeta Mugica-Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Diesel Emissions ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Among the main pollutants emitted into the atmosphere by diesel combustion are the particles. Most of the studies suggest that the greatest impact on health by the particles is caused by some of the organic compounds such as the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which are highly toxic and carcinogenic compounds. Some of the strategies that are being implemented to mitigate these harmful particles emissions are the use of alternative fuels, such as biodiesel. In this research, the characterization of six fuels (diesel and five biodiesel, obtained from different raw materials) was carried out. Diesel:Biodiesel blends were prepared at 5, 10 and 20% of biodiesel on proportion to the diesel (B5, B10 and B20). Additionally, B100 was analyzed for some biodiesels. The particles emitted by the combustion of the different fuels were sampled and their concentration was determined. The organic compounds were extracted from the particles by ultrasound-assisted extraction and subsequently the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In this study, it was observed that the use of biodiesel decreases the emission of particle concentration, but it is not significant. In the case of the concentrations of carcinogenic compounds (PAHs), the B20 biodiesel blends emissions had a statistically significant reduction compared to diesel emissions.

QuEChERS with ultrasound-assisted extraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Wu ◽  
Qiurong He ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Yongxin Li ◽  
Weiqing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted

Abstract Background Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have attracted worldwide attention due to their carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic effects, environmental persistence and bioaccumulation characteristics. Therefore, the sensitive, reliable and rapid detection of PAHs in sediment is of great importance. Objective To develop a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence and ultraviolet detection after QuEChERS treatment for simultaneous determination of 16 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency priority PAHs in sediment samples. Methods The samples were ultrasonically extracted with acetone and then the supernatant was purified with a modified QuEChERS method. After centrifugation, the supernatant was injected into the HPLC system for analysis. The separation was accomplished on a ZORBAX Eclipse PAH column (150 × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μm) and the column temperature was set at 30 °C. The flow rate of the mobile phase consisting of water and acetonitrile in gradient elution mode was fixed at 0.9 mL/min. Detection was conducted on an ultraviolet detector and a fluorescence detector simultaneously. The qualitative analysis was based on retention time and the quantification was based on standard curves. Results Under the optimal conditions, this method showed good linearities in the range of 10–200 μg/L with correlation coefficients greater than 0.9993. The method had the limits of detection (LODs) ranging from 0.00108 to 0.314 ng/g. The mean recoveries ranged from 78.4 to 117% with the intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.592–10.7 and 1.01–13.0%, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the detection of 16 PAHs in sediment samples collected from the Funan River in Chengdu, China with the total contents of 431 to 2143 ng/g·dw. Conclusions The established method is simple, rapid, environment-friendly and cost- effective. It can be applied to the analysis of 16 PAHs in sediment samples. Highlights A method of QuEChERS with ultrasound-assisted extraction combined with HPLC has been established for the analysis of 16 PAHs in sediment samples and the proposed method has been successfully applied to the analysis PAHs in real sediment samples.

An efficient, sensitive and fast microextraction method followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in bread samples

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (44) ◽  
pp. 6246-6253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Rostampour ◽  
Mahdie Kamalabadi ◽  
Marzieh Kamankesh ◽  
Zahra Hadian ◽  
Sahar Jazaeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Dispersive Liquid Liquid Microextraction ◽  
Liquid Microextraction

Microwave-assisted extraction and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (MAE–DLLME) coupled with GC-MS allowed the simultaneous determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in bread samples.

Box–Behnken design applied to ultrasound-assisted extraction for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in river sediments by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1650-1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mellina D. R. Santos ◽  
Marcos R. F. Cerqueira ◽  
Marcone A. L. de Oliveira ◽  
Renato C. Matos ◽  
Maria A. C. Matos
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Ultrasonic Bath ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted

This paper describes the optimization of the extraction of PAHs in sediment samples from a river by applying an ultrasonic bath for quantification by GC/MS.

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