scholarly journals The Birth and Evolution of Symbolic Information

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
José Monserrat Neto
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Relaxed Selection ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Symbolic Information ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Symbolic Systems ◽  
The Brain

This work presents the main points of Deacon’s theory about the emergence of human language, which are summarized as follows: (1) a relaxed selection processes with the evolution of cooperative social life; (2) the development of first simple symbolic information systems of earlier hominids; (3) their long evolution to language over 2 million years, in a bio-cultural co-evolution of both language and the brain. It examines the main foundations of Deacon’s theory, how these have been deepened gradually, and the hypotheses concerning the first symbolic systems and possible ways that they evolved to language and human species.

scholarly journals The Birth and Evolution of Symbolic Information

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
José Monserrat Neto
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Relaxed Selection ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Symbolic Information ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Symbolic Systems ◽  
The Brain

This work presents the main points of Deacon’s theory about the emergence of human language, which are summarized as follows: (1) a relaxed selection processes with the evolution of cooperative social life; (2) the development of first simple symbolic information systems of earlier hominids; (3) their long evolution to language over 2 million years, in a bio-cultural co-evolution of both language and the brain. It examines the main foundations of Deacon’s theory, how these have been deepened gradually, and the hypotheses concerning the first symbolic systems and possible ways that they evolved to language and human species.

Research on Multimedia Sports Humanistic Information Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 926-930 ◽  
pp. 2706-2709
Author(s):  
Ming Wen Hu
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Development Environment ◽  
Sports Culture ◽  
The Core ◽  
Set Up

With the rapid development of social productive forces and increasingly higher level of social life, the sports humanity as the core spirit of sports culture in informational times, which is the sum of the psychological aspects of sports culture from the cultural spirit. Its essence is the pursuit of truth, good and beautiful as the core values and ideals, people's healthy development as the ultimate goal. This paper discusses basic mode ,the basic framework of the multimedia sports humanistic information system, the processing technology, development environment ,tools and methods . Through the analysis program implementation elements and design ideas of multimedia sports humanistic information system, in order to set up multimedia sports humanistic information systems, we proposes a viable framework and models with a theoretical basis and practical value.

scholarly journals Spiritual Education Mission in the Mufassirin Perspective

Al-Albab ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-262
Author(s):  
Syarif Syarif
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Spiritual Education ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
Educational Approach ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Brain

Spiritual crisis is a factor leading to disorientation in today’s modern humans and the decline of morality of the nation. The low level of spirituality is caused by an educational approach that only focuses on the brain and ignores spiritual values. The Qur'an has actually affirmed the mission of spiritual education which should be used as a reference for the current education system. This article employs library research method through a comparison of the way the mufassirin interpret verses about the mission of spiritual education. The results show that the mission of spiritual education carried out by the Prophet Muhammad can be seen for example in Surat Al-Anbiya' verse 107, Surat Saba' verse 28 and Surat Al-Ahzab verse 21, namely rahmatan lil 'alamin (mercy to all creations). The prophet has brought evidence the truth to perfect the akhlậq, as well as to become the followers of uswah hasanah (perfect example) which must be imitated by all humans. Meanwhile, the stages of increasing spirituality in the Surat Luqman Verses 12-19, include: (1) instilling the tauhid values, (2) being filial to parents, (3) understanding the reciprocity of each deed, (4) command to worship, (5) introducing politeness in social life. Elements of spiritual education contained in Surat al-Muzzammil Verses 1-10 include qiyamul lail or night prayer, reciting the Qur’an in a tartil way, getting used to zikr, patience, jihad fi sabilillah or fighting on the path of Allah, and always praying and begging forgiveness from Allah.

From Protolanguage to Language

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Bickerton
Keyword(s):  
Event Structure ◽  
Reciprocal Altruism ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Gradual Process

This chapter discusses the singularity of human language. Although evolution is normally conceived of as a gradual process, it can produce an appearance of catastrophism where functions change or where gradual changes in two or more components impinge on one another. The fossil and archaeological records argue strongly for some such development in the case of human language. The discussion argues that language as people know it requires the conjunction of three things: an event structure derived from reciprocal altruism; the capacity to use unstructured symbolic units (protolanguage); and sufficient ‘spare’ neurones to maintain the coherence of internally generated messages in brains designed by evolution to attend primarily to the environment. These developments co-occurred only in the human species, accounting for the uniqueness of human language.

(Re)Considering Information Science Research

2020 ◽  
pp. 286-306
Author(s):  
Norma Ruth Arlene Romm ◽  
Patrick Ngulube
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Ethical Justification ◽  
Transformative Potential ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Social Scientific

This chapter provides an epistemological and ethical justification for (re)considering information science in terms of its potential to contribute to the way in which “information” and “knowledge” become co-constructed in social life in view of social justice aims. The chapter refers to and extends arguments for viewing information science as an interdisciplinary and indeed transdisciplinary endeavor. This is discussed in relation to transformative and indigenous-oriented paradigms for social research considered more generally and also considered specifically in relation to information science (as a social scientific approach). The chapter provides a detailed example of how the transformative potential of information science might be realized. This example can serve as a resource for information science researchers and for information systems practitioners who may find that it has some relevance to their continued work. The chapter also offers suggestions for expanding the research possibilities (co-inquiry options) provided by the example.

AI: A Semiotic Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-216
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Walsh Matthews ◽  
Marcel Danesi
Keyword(s):  
Human Condition ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Semiotic Analysis ◽  
Human Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Semiotic Perspective ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Human Sense ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a powerful new form of inquiry unto human cognition that has obvious implications for semiotic theories, practices, and modeling of mind, yet, as far as can be determined, it has hardly attracted the attention of semioticians in any meaningful analytical way. AI aims to model and thus penetrate mentality in all its forms (perception, cognition, emotion, etc.) and even to build artificial minds that will surpass human intelligence in the near future. This paper takes a look at AI through the lens of semiotic analysis, in the context of current philosophies such as posthumanism and transhumanism, which are based on the assumption that technology will improve the human condition and chart a path to the future progress of the human species. Semiotics must respond to the AI challenge, focusing on how abductive responses to the world generate meaning in the human sense, not in software or algorithms. The AI approach is instructive, but semiotics is much more relevant to the understanding of human cognition, because it studies signs as paths into the brain, not artificial models of that organ. The semiotic agenda can enrich AI by providing the relevant insight into human semiosis that may defy any attempt to model them.

scholarly journals Quality and Certification of Electronic Health Records

2010 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 149-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ammenwerth ◽  
A. Hoerbst
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Electronic Health Records ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Quality Certification ◽  
The Us ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Electronic Health

Summary Background: Numerous projects, initiatives, and programs are dedicated to the development of Electronic Health Records (EHR) worldwide. Increasingly more of these plans have recently been brought from a scientific environment to real life applications. In this context, quality is a crucial factor with regard to the acceptance and utility of Electronic Health Records. However, the dissemination of the existing quality approaches is often rather limited. Objectives: The present paper aims at the description and comparison of the current major quality certification approaches to EHRs. Methods: A literature analysis was carried out in order to identify the relevant publications with regard to EHR quality certification. PubMed, ACM Digital Library, IEEExplore, CiteSeer, and Google (Scholar) were used to collect relevant sources. The documents that were obtained were analyzed using techniques of qualitative content analysis. Results: The analysis discusses and compares the quality approaches of CCHIT, EuroRec, IHE, openEHR, and EN13606. These approaches differ with regard to their focus, support of service-oriented EHRs, process of (re-)certification and testing, number of systems certified and tested, supporting organizations, and regional relevance. Discussion: The analyzed approaches show differences with regard to their structure and processes. System vendors can exploit these approaches in order to improve and certify their information systems. Health care organizations can use these approaches to support selection processes or to assess the quality of their own information systems. Citation: Hoerbst A, Ammenwerth E. Quality and certification of electronic health records – An overview of current approaches from the US and Europe. Appl Clin Inf 2010; 1: 149–164 http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2010-02-R-0009

Blackboards in the brain

2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-81
Author(s):  
Ralph-Axel Müller
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Recurrent Neural Networks ◽  
Temporal Coherence ◽  
Syntactic Processing ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Blackboard Model ◽  
The Brain

Although van der Velde's de Kamps's (vdV&dK) attempt to put syntactic processing into a broader context of combinatorial cognition is promising, their coverage of neuroscientific evidence is disappointing. Neither their case against binding by temporal coherence nor their arguments against recurrent neural networks are compelling. As an alternative, vdV&dK propose a blackboard model that is based on the assumption of special processors (e.g., lexical versus grammatical), but evidence from the cognitive neuroscience of language, which is, overall, less than supportive of such special processors, is not considered. As a consequence, vdV&dK's may be a clever model of syntactic processing, but it remains unclear how much we can learn from it with regard to biologically based human language.

The Organization of Human Language Cortex: Special Adaptation or Common Cortical Design?

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Hutsler ◽  
Michael S. Gazzaniga
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Language Abilities ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Evolutionary Forces ◽  
Special Adaptation ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
The Brain

Understanding the neural basis of language is one of the oldest and most difficult pursuits in neuroscience. Despite decades of accumulated data on aphasic subjects with cortical damage, we still know relatively little of how language functions are represented within the neural circuitry of the brain. A major issue of debate is whether language is a species-specific adaptation built into the neocortex, or a by-product of neocortical expansion. Cognitive studies emphasizing the universal nature of language abilities, the consistencies of language structure, and the consistent time course of language development have all indicated that language abilities are innate and must be built into the brain by evolutionary forces. Comparative studies of primates are equivocal since we have little evidence indicating that primate communication is homologous to human language systems. Much of this confusion is related to a lack of information regarding the neural basis of human communication. Recent anatomical data from human brains indicates that left hemisphere regions can have unique types of organization that may be responsible for functional specialization.

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