scholarly journals Debt and Sacrifice: The Role of Scapegoats in the Economic Crises

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Luis Enrique Alonso ◽  
Carlos J. Fernández Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Symbolic Violence ◽  
Personal Bankruptcy ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
Standards Of Living

Despite the process of secularization and modernization, in contemporary societies, the role of sacrifice is still relevant. One of the spaces where sacrifice actually performs a critical role is the realm of modern economy, particularly in the event of a financial crisis. Such crises represent situations defined by an outrageous symbolic violence in which social and economic relations experience drastic transformations, and their victims end up suffering personal bankruptcy, indebtedness, lower standards of living or poverty. Crises show the flagrant domination present in social relations: this is proven in the way crises evolve, when more and more social groups marred by a growing vulnerability are sacrificed to appease financial markets. Inspired by the theoretical framework of the French anthropologist René Girard, our intention is to explore how the hegemonic narrative about the crisis has been developed, highlighting its sacrificial aspects.

scholarly journals The Social Workers Challenges on Community Welfare in Ungogo Community, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kehinde Adekunle Aliyu ◽  
Jamaluddin Mustaffa ◽  
Norruzeyati Che Mohd Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Social Workers ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interview Guide

The role of social workers in a community cannot be overemphasised by any mean, for the life span of any community depends on the quality of the social workers. The aim of this work is to affirm the roles of social workers in helping the community welfare.  Qualitative research design was adopted for the work. Data collected with the Interview Schedule for Officials of the Federal Road Safety Corps and Interview Guide for selected group of people. This was administered to 30 respondents, which comprises both male and female in the Ungogo community. The purpose of the study was to examine the roles of social workers, in line with improved standards of living, sustained economic development and expansion of trade and economic relations in the community; enhanced levels of international competitiveness in the areas of community welfare, organization for increased productivity of people in the community. It common knowledge every individual strife to be the best when receive the necessary or adequate encouragement. To these extents, such a person bears some responsibilities even if passively so as a member. The implication of this work is to contribute to social change by informing social worker on their challenges and responsibilities ahead of them in the community.

Denouement of Chemicals on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Is Green Chemistry the Answer

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1058-1068
Author(s):  
Faizana Fayaz ◽  
Faheem H. Pottoo ◽  
Sadat Shafi ◽  
Mushtaq A. Wani ◽  
Sharad Wakode ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Chemical Substance ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
High Standards ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Medicinal Chemistry has played a critical role in evolving new products, resources and processes which inexorably correspond to our high standards of living. Unfortunately, this has also caused deterioration of human health and threats to the global environment, even deaths when highly exposed to certain chemicals, whether due to improper use, mishandling or disposal. There are chemicals, which apart from being carcinogens, endocrine disruptors or neurotoxins, are also responsible for climate change and ozone depletion. Certain chemicals are known to cause neurotoxicity and are having tendencies to damage the central and peripheral nervous system or brain by damaging neurons or cells which are responsible for transmitting and processing of signals. This has raised serious concerns for the use and handling of such chemicals and has given growth to a relatively new emerging field known as Green Chemistry that strives to achieve sustainability at the molecular level and has an ability to harness chemicals to meet environmental and economic goals. It has been reported in the literature that apart from family history in the aetiology of Amyotrophic lateral Sclerosis (ALS), also termed as “Lou Gehrig’s disease”, a neurological disorder, environmental factors, heavy metals, particularly selenium, lead, mercury, cadmium, formaldehyde, pesticides and certain herbicides are known to cause ALS. ALS, a progressive neurodegenerative disease affects the motor cortex, brain stem and spinal cord, causing muscular weakness, spasticity, and hyperreflexia. In this article we are aiming to discuss and summarize the various corroborations and findings supporting the undesirable role of chemical substance/herbicides/pesticides in ALS aetiology and its mitigation by adopting green chemistry.

scholarly journals Rola lidera lokalnego w rozwoju gminy

2011 ◽  
pp. 117-135
Author(s):  
Paulina Legutko-Kobus
Keyword(s):  
Learning Organization ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Communication Channels ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Local Leader ◽  
Local Leaders

The paper focused on the role of the leader (individual and collective) in the processes of local development, especially in the programming of local development and community perceived as a learning organization. The analysis concerned the small rural municipalities. The studies allow to make the following conclusions: • Economic success and associated with it the diversification of the rural areas depends on many factors, especially from local activity related to the programming and acquiring of external funds. • A few models of public participation are possible in the programming and the developmental processes. It seems that the stronger social relations and local trust are in the communities, the greater chance is for active using of social development factors, • Currently the most often existing local leader is a group, which guarantees continuity of the development on the local scale regardless of the circumstances, • Local collective leader is also a guarantee for the existence of networks, communication channels between diXerent social groups, that is building the civil society and strengthening of social capital, • women play an increasingly important role among the local leaders.

scholarly journals THE NOTION, CLASSIFICATION AND IMPORTANCE OF GOODS CLASSIFICATION IN THE LIGHT OF THE NEW CIVIL REGULATIONS OF REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

2021 ◽  
Vol IV (2) ◽  
pp. 139-163
Author(s):  
Viorica Ursu ◽  
◽  
Natalia Chiriac ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Legal Person ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Social Wealth

Any natural or legal person has a heritage, i.e. a set of rights and obligations that are assessable in money or in other words, with economic value. The rights, obligations and goods to which they refer may be considered individually or as a legal universality belonging to a person. The goods are, without any doubt, the basis of the social wealth of any country and any society. The economic relations are mostly the relations about certain goods. Once they have acquired a legal form, they do not change their content, keeping the same object - goods. Therefore, the correct reflection of the place and role of goods in social relations is essential for the efficient management of the country's economy.According to the unanimous opinion of the legislator, theorists and practitioners, goods are one of the main objects of civil law. Thus, this article represents a synthesis that analyzes the notion of goods, as well as their classification and importance in the new regulation of the Republic of Moldova’s Civil Code. This research is also important due to the fact that the new changes are related to some categories of new goods, but also the completion of the existing ones, which were not found in the previous rules, but which were introduced due to the development of new social relations and new categories of goods that have appeared in our society.

The Relacyja of Sefer Muratowicz: 1601–1602 Private Royal Envoy of Sigismund III Vasa to Shah ‘Abbas I

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-93
Author(s):  
Michael Połczyński
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Social Milieu ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Armenian Population

Armenian merchant and Ottoman subject Sefer Muratowicz emigrated to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the late sixteenth century. Soon after, he appeared before Safavid Shah ‘Abbas I as the personal envoy of King Sigismund III Vasa on a royal diplomatic mission unsanctioned by the Commonwealth's parliament. Though the trajectory of Sefer Muratowicz's life is not without precedence in the heterogeneous social milieu of Poland-Lithuania, his documented involvement in the private royal embassy of 1601–1602 to Safavid Persia presents an exceptional view into the critical role of the diasporic Armenian population in the diplomatic and economic relations between Europe's largest republic and the Islamic world in the early modern period.

Marx — XXI

2018 ◽  
pp. 57-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Belykh ◽  
V. A. Mau
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Marxian Theory ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theory Of Value

The article discusses the current relevance of Marx’s economic theory. It demonstrates the difficulties of the Marxian theory of value and the ambiguity of Marx’s own attitude towards this theory. The role of Marx and Marxism in the history of Russia is examined. Marx’s ideas about the connection between technology and social relations and his conception of historical development are critically analyzed in the context of modern economy and economic science.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL BASIS FOR THE FORMATION OF THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Busarieva
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Capital Mobility ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Routine Work ◽  
Holistic Concept ◽  
Radical Reduction

In the last decade of the twentieth century there was a paradigm shift in social development. The factor of human progress has become a condition, goal and driving force of development. The main problem in the study of economic growth factors has shifted from statistical analysis of quantitative variables to qualitative analysis. In this regard, the concept of "knowledge economy" has become widespread and is a set of economic relations based on the integration of scientific, industrial and educational components. The modern economy is in a new qualitative state, associated with changes in economic conditions caused by: the introduction of new, high levels of technology in production, expanding information space, capital mobility, increased importance of creative, creative work, the growing role of theoretical knowledge. The type of economy in which knowledge and information become the main factors of production can be defined as the knowledge economy. In theoretical and practical aspects, as a holistic concept, the knowledge economy is developing dynamically and, depending on changes in political and economic processes, acquires certain features and characteristics. It should be noted that the elements of the knowledge economy are historically present in all socio-economic formations and civilizations, but only in the context of globalization, they are most pronounced. Knowledge can become the main driving force of social production only in the conditions of radical reduction of the role of physical and routine work, simultaneous development and use of mental activity, mass informatization and intellectualization of social life, which is characteristic of the modern stage of human economic system. The human brain as a generator, accumulator and transformer of knowledge is the main object of cognitive technologies and the subject of study of interdisciplinary neuroscience. At the beginning of the XXI century, the process of forming a knowledge economy continues, in which development and success are determined not by material resources, but by the possession of the greatest amount of valuable information and the ability to process it quickly. At the same time, such factors and criteria for the functioning of past formations as food, natural and human resources are gaining weight again in the world economy, forming a qualitatively new character of economic and social relations.

scholarly journals Global challenges in the modern economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-497
Author(s):  
V. L. Hursky
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
State Control ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
New Type ◽  
Means Of Production

The article is devoted to the study of the modern global challenges that have a significant impact on the transformation of international economic relations, namely: the exacerbation of the struggle among global players for technological dominance, caused by the transition to a new technological order (digital economy), and the intensification of the struggle between TNCs and government structures for control over resources, caused by the growing power of TNCs and their desire to get rid of state control. It is noted that a change in the system of socio-economic relations, based on the widespread introduction of digital means of production, forms a new type of management of socio-economic processes, and the strengthening of the role of corporations in shaping countries’ economic policies generates risks of domination of corporate interests over public ones.

Creative component of labor as main source of profit in innovative economics

10.12737/534 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Генкин ◽  
Boris Genkin
Keyword(s):  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Forming Mechanism ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
Activity Structure ◽  
Human Energy ◽  
Time Expenditures

The analysis of conceptions that determine the sources of profit has been fulfilled. It has been proved that profit forming mechanism is based on human activity structure. It is expedient to single out three components in this structure: regulated (α-labour), creative (-labour) and spiritually-motivated (γ-labour). The α-labour result linearly depends on time and human energy expenditures. Unlike this the dependence of results related to creative and spiritually-motivated labour on time expenditures is not linear. It means that the new idea can increase labour productivity hundreds time more. The results related to activity of scientists, inventors, innovators exceed significantly their labour expenditures. The models of profit forming and distribution in the innovative economics are adduced in this article. Considerable attention has been paid to the role of entrepreneurs and heads of organizations in creation and distribution of added value (cost). The problem related to incomes ratio of enterprises’ social groups in modern economy is discussed in this aspect.

scholarly journals ETHICAL FINANCE AS A SYSTEMIC CHALLENGE: RISK, CULTURE, AND STRUCTURE

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saule T. Omarova
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Financial Regulation ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Ethical Finance ◽  
Risk Culture

Cornell Journal of Law and Public Policy, Vol. 27, No. 3, p. 797, 2018In recent years, there has been no shortage of scandals involving fraudulent, predatory, and otherwise ethically unacceptable behavior on the part of large U.S. and non-U.S. financial institutions. Reverse redlining and targeting of racial minorities and other vulnerable segments of the population for subprime mortgages, collusive price-fixing in the world’s most important interbank lending and trading markets, and fraudulent creation of client accounts by bank employees pressured to generate fees for the bank are only some of the recent examples of such blatantly unethical behavior. Much of this behavior was also directly implicated in the generation of unsustainable levels of risk in the financial system, which led to the global financial crisis of 2008-2009.Not surprisingly, industry regulators and scholars of financial markets have been increasingly vocal in their criticisms of the financial industry’s systematic failure to maintain high ethical standards of business conduct. Much of the regulators’ and academics’ attention in this area is focused on individual financial institutions’ apparent inability to foster a strong internal culture of pursuing market objectives through ethical and socially responsible means. Accordingly, the potential remedy for this problem is often seen as a matter of improving the firms’ culture of risk-taking, so that they develop a genuine commitment to seek private gains without creating systemically destabilizing risks or otherwise endangering the well-being of their clients, creditors, and the rest of the society. In effect, this recent “ethics turn” in financial regulation recasts firms’ “risk culture” as a crucial determinant of success, or failure, of the post-crisis search for systemic financial stability.This Article analyzes the principal themes in the newly reinvigorated public debate on the role of ethical norms and cultural factors in financial markets and identifies its key conceptual and normative limitations. It argues that the principal flaw in that debate is that it tends to ignore the critical role of systemic, structural factors in shaping individual firms’ internal cultural norms and attitudes toward legitimate business conduct. Reversing the causality assumption underlying the current academic and policy discourse on institutional culture, the Article discusses how broader reform measures seeking to alter the fundamental structure and dynamics of the financial market--on a macro- rather than micro-level--would profoundly, and far more effectively, alter individuals’ and firms’ normative choices and attitudes. The key to making finance ethically sound, therefore, is to make it structurally sound – and to do so on a systemic level.

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