Islamic Perspectives on Organ Transplantation: A Continuous Debate

From a medical perspective, as well as an ordinary human perspective, organ transplantation is often understood as a process through which health is restored to sick humans and, consequently, their quality of life improved. Organ transplantation is a medical surgical procedure carried out by an expert or a team of experts who remove a failing or diseased organ or organs from the human body and replace it or them with a functioning organ or organs. With such positive portrayal of the process, organ transplantation is highly recommended and encouraged in modern medicine. However, in Islam, the Qur’an and hadiths—the two great texts of the religion—are silent on the subject. In other words, there is no discussion of the subject in the texts and, therefore, it is not clear whether organ transplantation is permissible or not in Islam. Thus, is organ transplantation an accepted modality of treatment that eliminates the patient’s agony from end-stage organ failure, remains an open-ended question. Whilst some Muslim scholars and jurists argue in favour of organ donation and transplantation, there are others who reject the practice as a breach of shari’ah. This paper posits that the subject of organ donation and transplantation in Islam is an unresolved matter without a ubiquitous consensus. The purpose of the paper is to educate the readers about the two key perspectives on the subject, and highlight that more research and a robust academic and sociological debate are needed to resolve the question of organ donation and transplantation in Islam.

Download Full-text

Organ Donation in the Context of Brain Death in Muslim Countries: Bioethical Positions

International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science ◽

10.23958/ijirms/vol05-i07/905 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (07) ◽

pp. 222-224

Author(s):

Alqahtani Ibtesam Mohammed

Keyword(s):

Brain Death ◽

Organ Donation ◽

Organ Transplantation ◽

Organ Procurement ◽

Modern Medicine ◽

Organ Transplants ◽

Clear Cut ◽

Muslim Countries ◽

The Right ◽

End Stage

One of the miracles of modern medicine for patients with end stage organ failure is organ transplantation. The Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) defines organ donation as giving an organ, tissue, cells, or part of an organ from a living or deceased person (i.e., the donor) to a living person in need (i.e., the recipient). In the last two decades, the number of organ transplants has gradually increased; however, the demand for organ transplantation exceeds the number of available donors. Organs from brain dead donors have been suggested as an alternative option for increasing donation rates when living donors are not available. This article explores the debate surrounding brain death organ donation in Muslim countries. Because organ transplantation is based on Ijtihad, Muslim jurists have no clear-cut text in the Holy Quran or Sunna to use as a foundation for judgment. This has made organ transplants an issue among Muslim scholars and researchers, splitting them into two opinion groups, with one side seeing organ transplantation as legal and the other believing it to be illegal. However, all individuals have the right to choose whether they want to help others by sacrificing parts of themselves and donating their organs. Autonomy, justice, and beneficence must be employed in organ transplantation decision-making.

Download Full-text

A study on knowledge, attitude and practice about organ donation among college students in Telangana state

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20192328 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 2589

Author(s):

Parepalli Vinay Kumar ◽

Kishore Y. Jothula

Keyword(s):

Organ Donation ◽

Organ Transplantation ◽

Organ Damage ◽

Adequate Knowledge ◽

Disease Pattern ◽

Study Population ◽

Present Rate ◽

End Stage ◽

Structured Questionnaire

Background: The change of disease pattern from communicable to non communicable or chronic diseases leading to end stage organ damage has led to the increase in the requirement of organ transplantation. Though the quality of organ transplantation has improved, the organ transplantation rate in India is 0.26 per million. Such a low rate is due to the lack of knowledge and misconception about organ donation.Methods: A pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was prepared, participants were chosen at random from the study population, they were interviewed with the questionnaire and their responses were computed and analysed.Results: In this study population, all of them knew about organ donation. The study shows that 62.7% of the students have adequate knowledge about organ donation. 67% of them would like to donate organs in future and 85% were willing to motivate their family to be an organ donor.Conclusions: The present rate of organ transplantation would be improved only when the society is educated with the knowledge, uncover the myths and misconceptions. It is also important that the organizations as to where and how to approach for the donation is known to all. Media being a powerful weapon of the generation can be a great tool to reach the society.

Download Full-text

Quality of life after organ transplantation in type 1 diabetics with end-stage renal disease

Clinical Transplantation ◽

10.1111/j.1399-0012.2005.00433.x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 19-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

Kalathil K Sureshkumar ◽

Bhavesh M Patel ◽

Angelo Markatos ◽

Dai D Nghiem ◽

Richard J Marcus

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Renal Disease ◽

Organ Transplantation ◽

End Stage Renal Disease ◽

Stage Renal Disease ◽

End Stage

Download Full-text

Future Prospects of Organ Transplantation

10.5772/intechopen.94367 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mehmet Nur Altinörs

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Organ Transplantation ◽

Solid Organ Transplantation ◽

Tissue Transplantation ◽

Solid Organ ◽

Uterus Transplantation ◽

Composite Tissue ◽

End Stage ◽

Therapeutic Alternatives

The gap between organ demand and supply is an universal problem in organ and tissue transplantation therapy. The gap is growing in spite of efforts spent in medical, educational, social areas and mass media support. This reality has created the need for completely new therapeutic alternatives for the management of end-stage organ disease. The present research should continue in future aiming to discover systems and devices capable of totally replacing the traditional transplantation. On the other hand, a different progress in underway in transplantation. The indication for solid organ transplantation is to save life and promote quality of life. The new developing transplantations of composite tissue, uterus and face are performed with completely different indications. Facial defects caused by various insults cause serious functional and esthetic disorders, psychological and social problems. Facial transplant surgery is accomplished to overcome such problems. Uterus transplantation is emerging as an alternative to female infertility. Transplantation of composite tissue includes different organs. The main purpose of composite tissue transplantation is to restore reduced or completely lost functions and to increase the quality of life. Nerve regeneration must occur as a consequence of transplant to regain sensory and motor functions. It appears that the future of transplantation involves developments in two main streams; invention of completely new tools for solid organ transplantation and advances in the transplantation of different organs including uterus, face and composite tissue.

Download Full-text

Possibilities and prospects of conservative therapy for endometriosis, as a chronical progressing disease (review of literature)

GYNECOLOGY ◽

10.26442/20795696.2020.1.200045 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 14-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tatyana Yu. Pestrikova ◽

Elena A. Yurasova ◽

Igor V. Yurasov

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽

Modern Medicine ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Aim Analysis ◽

Scientific Publications ◽

Terra Incognita ◽

Positive Effect

Relevance. Endometriosis is a common gynecological disease that affects up to 10% of women of reproductive age worldwide and is the main cause of pain and infertility. Endometriosis is a disease, although it has been known for a long time, nevertheless, in many ways it represents terra incognita for modern medicine. Aim. Analysis of literature on the feasibility of long-term and the use of the drug dienogest 2 mg (Vizanne), which has a positive effect on the quality of life of patients with endometriosis. Materials and methods. To write this review, a search was made for domestic and foreign publications in Russian and international search engines (PubMed, eLibrary, etc.) over the past 13 years. The review included articles from peer-reviewed literature. Results. The review presents data on the difficulties of verifying the diagnosis of endometriosis due to a combination of this pathology with pain, infertility, abnormal uterine bleeding. The pathogenesis of the origin of endometriosis-associated pain is presented. The efficacy of the use of the drug dienogest (Vizanne), which has a powerful antiproliferative effect that reduces the main symptoms of endometriosis (pain, bleeding), is substantiated. The expediency of long-term and safe use of the drug dienogest (Vizanne), which has a positive effect on the quality of life of patients with endometriosis, has been proved. Conclusions. Numerous scientific publications confirm the feasibility of prolonged use of the drug dienogest (Vizanne), to achieve remission during endometriosis.

Download Full-text

Emergency Medicine Palliative Care Access (EMPallA): protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of specialty outpatient versus nurse-led telephonic palliative care of older adults with advanced illness

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025692 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. e025692 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Corita R Grudzen ◽

Deborah J Shim ◽

Abigail M Schmucker ◽

Jeanne Cho ◽

Keith S Goldfeld

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Older Adults ◽

Palliative Care ◽

Randomised Controlled Trial ◽

Case Management ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Randomised Controlled ◽

End Stage

IntroductionEmergency department (ED)-initiated palliative care has been shown to improve patient-centred outcomes in older adults with serious, life-limiting illnesses. However, the optimal modality for providing such interventions is unknown. This study aims to compare nurse-led telephonic case management to specialty outpatient palliative care for older adults with serious, life-limiting illness on: (1) quality of life in patients; (2) healthcare utilisation; (3) loneliness and symptom burden and (4) caregiver strain, caregiver quality of life and bereavement.Methods and analysisThis is a protocol for a pragmatic, multicentre, parallel, two-arm randomised controlled trial in ED patients comparing two established models of palliative care: nurse-led telephonic case management and specialty, outpatient palliative care. We will enrol 1350 patients aged 50+ years and 675 of their caregivers across nine EDs. Eligible patients: (1) have advanced cancer (metastatic solid tumour) or end-stage organ failure (New York Heart Association class III or IV heart failure, end-stage renal disease with glomerular filtration rate <15 mL/min/m2, or global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease stage III, IV or oxygen-dependent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease); (2) speak English; (3) are scheduled for ED discharge or observation status; (4) reside locally; (5) have a working telephone and (6) are insured. Patients will be excluded if they: (1) have dementia; (2) have received hospice care or two or more palliative care visits in the last 6 months or (3) reside in a long-term care facility. We will use patient-level block randomisation, stratified by ED site and disease. Effectiveness will be compared by measuring the impact of each intervention on the specified outcomes. The primary outcome will measure change in patient quality of life.Ethics and disseminationInstitutional Review Board approval was obtained at all study sites. Trial results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberNCT03325985; Pre-results.

Download Full-text

Women's Role in Food Production and Nutrition: Implications for Their Quality of Life

Food and Nutrition Bulletin ◽

10.1177/156482658801000307 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Gerd Holmboe-Ottesen ◽

Ophelia Mascarenhas ◽

Margareta Wandel

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Food Chain ◽

Food Production ◽

Women's Work ◽

Energy Expenditures ◽

Work Allocation ◽

The Subject ◽

Women's Role

The authors review the literature on the subject of how women's work along the food chain may affect their nutritional status and other aspects of their lives. They point out the discrimination against women in food and work allocation: women often work harder and have greater energy expenditures than men but get less food. Bennett makes this point in her article too, and McGuire touches on it as well.

Download Full-text