scholarly journals Understanding Land Cover Change in a Fragmented Forest Landscape in a Biodiversity Hotspot of Coastal Ecuador

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Haro-Carrión ◽  
Jane Southworth
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Plantation Forests ◽  
Forest Regrowth

Understanding forest cover changes is especially important in highly threatened and understudied tropical dry forest landscapes. This research uses Landsat images and a Random Forest classifier (RF) to map old-growth, secondary, and plantation forests and to evaluate changes in their coverage in Ecuador. We used 46 Landsat-derived predictors from the dry and wet seasons to map these forest types and to evaluate the importance of having seasonal variables in classifications. Initial RF models grouped old-growth and secondary forest as a single class because of a lack of secondary forest training data. The model accuracy was improved slightly from 92.8% for the wet season and 94.6% for the dry season to 95% overall by including variables from both seasons. Derived land cover maps indicate that the remaining forest in the landscape occurs mostly along the coastline in a matrix of pastureland, with less than 10% of the landscape covered by plantation forests. To obtain secondary forest training data and evaluate changes in forest cover, we conducted a change analysis between the 1990 and 2015 images. The results indicated that half of the forests present in 1990 were cleared during the 25-year study period and highlighted areas of forest regrowth. We used these areas to extract secondary forest training data and then re-classified the landscape with secondary forest as a class. Classification accuracies decreased with more forest classes, but having data from both seasons resulted in higher accuracy (87.9%) compared to having data from only the wet (85.8%) or dry (82.9%) seasons. The produced cover maps classified the majority of previously identified forest areas as secondary, but these areas likely correspond to forest regrowth and to degraded forests that structurally resemble secondary forests. Among the few areas classified as old-growth forests are known reserves. This research provides evidence of the importance of using bi-seasonal Landsat data to classify forest types and contributes to understanding changes in forest cover of tropical dry forests.

Scenarios of the Tropical Dry Forest of Purulia District West Bengal

2020 ◽  
pp. 254-267
Author(s):  
Masuma Begum ◽  
Niloy Pramanick ◽  
Anirban Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Sayani Datta Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Atmospheric Correction ◽  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Change Dynamics ◽  
Land Cover Map ◽  
Purulia District

In this chapter, satellite images of the years 1995, 2005, and 2015 of LANDSAT have been used. After pre-processing (geometric correction and atmospheric correction using FLAASH, LULC change dynamics have been assessed to estimate the changes in total forest cover in Purulia district through an unsupervised K-means classification scheme. To evaluate the health status, vegetation indices, namely NDVI, SAVI, and CVI, have been used. The increase in NDVI, SAVI, and CVI values was inferred as no significant degradation of Purulia forest cover. Moreover, future scenarios have been predicted by implementing a CA-MARKOV model. Using the land cover map of 1995 as the base map, and from 1995 to 2005 as training data, a land cover map of 2015 has been generated which in turn validated by the actual land cover of 2015. After validation, prediction of land cover was possible for the years 2035 and 2050. The prediction suggested that forest area will increase by approximately 4% from 2015 to 2035 and by 3% from 2035 to 2050.

scholarly journals Mexican agricultural frontier communities differ in forest dynamics with consequences for conservation and restoration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madelon Lohbeck ◽  
Ben DeVries ◽  
Frans Bongers ◽  
Miguel Martinez-Ramos ◽  
Armando Navarrete-Segueda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Forest Loss ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Agricultural Frontier ◽  
Forest Regrowth ◽  
Land Availability

Forest regrowth is key to achieve restoration commitments, but we need to better understand under what circumstances it takes place and how long secondary forests persist. We studied a recently colonized agricultural frontier in southern Mexico. We quantified the spatiotemporal dynamics of forest loss and regrowth and tested how temporal variation in climate, and spatial variation in land availability, land quality and accessibility affect forest disturbance, regrowth and secondary forest persistence. Marqués de Comillas consistently exhibits more forest loss than regrowth, resulting in a net decrease of 30% forest cover (1991-2016). Secondary forest cover remained relatively constant while secondary forest persistence increased, suggesting that farmers are moving away from shifting cultivation. Temporal variation in disturbance and regrowth were explained by the annual variation in the Oceanic El Niño index combined with dry season rainfall and key policy and market interventions.Across communities the availability of high-quality soil overrules the effects of land availability and accessibility, but that at the pixel-level all three factors contributed to explaining forest conservation and restoration. Communities with more high-quality soils were able to spare land for forest conservation, and had less secondary forest that persisted for longer. Old forest and secondary forests were better represented on low-quality lands and on communal land. Both old and secondary forest were less common close to the main road, where secondary forests were also less persistent. Forest conservation and restoration can be explained by a complex interplay of biophysical and social drivers across time, space and scale. We warrant that stimulating private land ownership may cause remaining forest patches to be lost and that conservation initiatives should benefit the whole community. Forest regrowth and secondary forest persistence competes with agricultural production and ensuring farmers can access restoration benefits is key to success.

scholarly journals LAND COVER DYNAMICS AND LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE IN THE AREA SURROUNDING WATER RESERVOIRS, MOUNTAINOUS REGION OF RIO DE JANEIRO

FLORESTA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1808
Author(s):  
Lucas De Siqueira Cardinelli ◽  
José Marinaldo Gleriani ◽  
Sebastião Venâncio Martins
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Mountainous Region ◽  
Water Reservoirs ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
Land Cover Dynamics

The aim of this study is to evaluate land cover dynamics and landscape structure in the area surrounding two water reservoirs built-in 2009 for energy production, in the mountainous region of the State of Rio de Janeiro (Serra Fluminense). The analysis was developed through the interpretation of Landsat images from 2003, 2009, and 2013, considering the following land cover classes: early successional forest, mid successional forest, pasture, pasture with shrubs and trees, geological outcrop, urban area, and water area. We used thematic maps to determine landscape metrics of size and proximity in the reservoirs catchment area and the Permanent Preservation Area (PPA). At catchment level, pasture was predominant, a consequence of the extensive livestock production carried out in the whole watershed. During the evaluated period, the forest area remained consistent, however, fragmented in many small patches of mid successional forest. The average patch area of mid successional forest is three times the size of the early successional forest patches. For neither forest land cover classes, no significant variations through time in area or isolation were identified. On the PPA, an overall reduction of the forest cover was registered before the construction of the reservoir. However, from 2009 to 2013, after the enclosure of PPA areas, the forest cover increased 35% via assisted natural regeneration, suggesting a high potential for cost-effective restoration in the region.

scholarly journals A Century of Forest Regrowth and Snow Loss Alters the Cooling Effect of Historical Land Use in the Upper Midwest

Ecosystems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1056-1074
Author(s):  
Bethany J. Blakely ◽  
Adrian V. Rocha ◽  
Jason S. McLachalan
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Forest Regrowth ◽  
Historical Land Use ◽  
Over Time

AbstractAnthropogenic land use affects climate by altering the energy balance of the Earth’s surface. In temperate regions, cooling from increased albedo is a common result of historical land-use change. However, this albedo cooling effect is dependent mainly on the exposure of snow cover following forest canopy removal and may change over time due to simultaneous changes in both land cover and snow cover. In this paper, we combine modern remote sensing data and historical records, incorporating over 100 years of realized land use and climatic change into an empirical assessment of centennial-scale surface forcings in the Upper Midwestern USA. We show that, although increases in surface albedo cooled through strong negative shortwave forcings, those forcings were reduced over time by a combination of forest regrowth and snow-cover loss. Deforestation cooled strongly (− 5.3 Wm−2) and mainly in winter, while composition shift cooled less strongly (− 3.03 Wm−2) and mainly in summer. Combined, changes in albedo due to deforestation, shifts in species composition, and the return of historical forest cover resulted in − 2.81 Wm−2 of regional radiative cooling, 55% less than full deforestation. Forcings due to changing vegetation were further reduced by 0.32 Wm−2 of warming from a shortened snow-covered season and a thinning of seasonal snowpack. Our findings suggest that accounting for long-term changes in land cover and snow cover reduces the estimated cooling impact of deforestation, with implications for long-term land-use planning.

scholarly journals Multitemporal Analysis Using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) Bands for Forest Cover Classification in East Texas

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Jason C. Raines ◽  
Jason Grogan ◽  
I-Kuai Hung ◽  
James Kroll
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Thematic Mapper ◽  
Landsat Thematic Mapper ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Land Cover Maps ◽  
Band Combinations

Abstract Land cover maps have been produced using satellite imagery to monitor forest resources since the launch of Landsat 1. Research has shown that stacking leaf-on and leaf-off imagery (combining two separate images into one image for processing) may improve classification accuracy. It is assumed that the combination of data will aid in differentiation between forest types. In this study we explored potential benefits of using multidate imagery versus single-date imagery for operational forest cover classification as part of an annual remote sensing forest inventory system. Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery was used to classify land cover into four classes. Six band combinations were tested to determine differences in classification accuracy and if any were significant enough to justify the extra cost and increased difficulty of image acquisition. The effects of inclusion/exclusion of the moisture band (TM band 5) also were examined. Results show overall accuracy ranged from 72 to 79% with no significant difference between single and multidate classifications. We feel the minimal increase (3.06%) in overall accuracy, coupled with the operational difficulties of obtaining multiple (two), useable images per year, does not support the use of multidate stacked imagery. Additional research should focus on fully utilizing data from a single scene by improving classification methodologies.

scholarly journals Distribution and habitat preferences of Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) in Riau, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 226-235
Author(s):  
YOHANES WISHNU SUKMANTORO ◽  
HADI S. ALIKODRA ◽  
AGUS P. KARTONO ◽  
EFRANSJAH EFRANSJAH
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Elephas Maximus ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Color Analysis ◽  
Minimum Convex Polygon ◽  
Landsat Images

Sukmantoro YW, Alikodra HS, Kartono AP, Efransjah. 2019. Distribution and habitat preferences of Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) in Riau, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 226-235. The research on elephant distribution and habitat preference was carried out in two locations Balai Raja and Tesso Nilo, Riau Province, Indonesia on 2012-2016. Three GPS Collars were installed on one individual adult female at Balai Raja (Desma) and two individuals at Tesso Nilo (Angelina and Butet). For the elephants’ habitat, the forest cover identification was performed by spectral color analysis on the 8 ETM+ Landsat images and resulted in land cover detail on MCP (Minimum Convex Polygon), and 50% and 95% fix kernel density of movement of the elephant including in the morning, the day and the night. Based on MCP estimation, Desma habitat area was 328.86 km2, while Angelina and Butet were 632.57 km2 and 701.60 km2, respectively. Land cover in MCP indicated that the oil palm, mixed agriculture, and rubber were dominantly areas used by Desma, while acacia, forest and oil palm plantation were dominantly area used by Angelina and Butet. In habitat preferences, Desma preferred forests and swamp areas to day activity. However, Angelina and Butet selected acacia plantation, forest, infrastructures such as the mills and land opening as the location of movement. Water bodies and shrub were not widely used for the elephants’ activities. This study indicated that the pattern of habitat selection is a strategy for elephants to avoid conflict with the human. Although resources are limited, the habitat selection can reduce conflict incidence.

scholarly journals CARBON EMISSION ESTIMATION DUE TO LAND COVER CHANGE IN THE TROPICAL FOREST LANDSCAPE IN JAMBI PROVINCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Dian Nuraini Melati
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Land Cover Change ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Dryland Agriculture ◽  
Emission Estimation

Land use land cover change and forestry play an important role in the global environmental change. Anthropogenic activities in changing the land have caused earth surface change. This change has a role to increase the change of global greenhouse gases in the atmosphere which also causes the increase greenhouse gases emission. Land cover change and forestry are sectors which cause high carbon emission. Therefore, a study in land cover change and estimation of carbon emission becomes important. This study took place in Jambi Province where deforestation has been in a high pace. In 2009 and 2011, the dominant area is dryland agriculture mixed with bush followed by secondary forest, i.e. 25% and 18.6%, respectively (in 2009); and 37.1% and 18.9%, respectively (in 2011). For the secondary forest, the gain was caused by the conversion of dryland agriculture mixed with bush and shrub into secondary forest. The loss of secondary forest is the highest among other forest cover at around 87,765 Ha due to the conversion into bare land and dryland agriculture mixed with bush. Due to land cover change in Jambi Province, the estimation of nett emission in the period of 2009-2011 is 4.8 Mt CO2-eq/year.

scholarly journals Drivers and dynamics of land use land cover in Ambung VDC of Tehrathum district, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Pandey ◽  
B P Heyojoo ◽  
H Shahi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Training Samples ◽  
Land Cover Maps

Land use and land cover change has immense impact on the global environment and ecosystem. Geospatial technologies are very important for monitoring these changes. This research aims to find out the land use land cover dynamics and drivers of Ambung VDC, Tehrathum district. The Landsat images of the year 1990 and 2013 were used for quantifying the changes. Household survey, key informant interview, focus group discussion, training samples collection and direct field observations were carried out to gather socio-economic and bio-physical data. Supervised classification was performed to prepare land cover maps. Change on land use was calculated by using post classification change detection. During 1990–2013, forest cover was found to have increased by 6.6%, agriculture decreased by 5.9% and others (barren, settlement, grass, rock and water bodies) decreased by 0.7%. The VDC was found to have severe problem of rapid drying of water resources in spite of the increase in forest cover, and so research should be carried out to find out the reason and solve the problem before it is too late.Banko JanakariA Journal of Forestry Information for NepalVol. 26, No. 1, Page:90-96, 2016

scholarly journals Effects of habitat disturbance and hunting on the density and the biomass of the endemic Hose’s leaf monkey Presbytis hosei (Thomas, 1889) (Mammalia: Primates: Cercopithecidae) in east Borneo

2004 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Nijman
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Habitat Disturbance ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Crop Raiding ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Leaf Monkey ◽  
Leaf Monkeys

Hose’s leaf monkey Presbytis hosei is endemic to Borneo and occurs only in tall forest. In recent decades Borneo has lost a large part of its forest cover, mostly in low-lying coastal regions. Large intact tracts of forest remain in the interior, but these are by and large inhabited by tribes that subsist in part by hunting. The combined effects of habitat disturbance and hunting on the densities and biomass of Hose’s leaf monkey were studied in Kayan Mentarang National Park in Borneo’s far interior. Over four months, data on densities and hunting were collected by transect walks in four forest types. Hose’s leaf monkeys were hunted to deter crop-raiding, for their meat, and to obtain bezoar stones (visceral secretions used in traditional medicine). Hose’s leaf monkeys occurred in single male groups of 7-8 individuals in densities from 0.8 to 2.3 groups km-2. Densities of Hose’s leaf monkeys were positively correlated with certain vegetation characteristics, e.g. tree height and height of first bough, and negatively correlated with distance to the nearest village. Biomass of Hose’s leaf monkeys declined considerably as a result of habitat disturbance and hunting from 92 kg km-2 in primary hill forest inside the reserve to 38 kg km-2 in old secondary forest and 31 kg km-2 in young secondary forest near villages. A review of the few studies conducted on the effects of habitat disturbance and hunting on Hose’s leaf monkeys reveal inconsistent trends in biomass and density responses.

KERAGAMAN JENIS BURUNG DI KAWASAN HUTAN DENGAN TUJUAN KHUSUS UNIVERSITAS LAMBUNG MANGKURAT (KHDTK ULM) KALIMANTAN SELATAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 416
Author(s):  
Feri Saputra ◽  
Abdi Fithria ◽  
Badaruddin Badaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Vegetation Diversity ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Bird Habitat ◽  
Land Covers ◽  
Forest Land Cover

This study aims to record the diversity of bird species in various land covers, analyze the vegetation types of bird habitat in various land covers, identify branches of branches / branches used as bird perch in each land cover in the KHDTK ULM area (Forest Areas with Special Purpose, Lambung Mangkurat University) Kalimantan South. Sampling is done using the method of exploration (Incidental Sampling) at the observation location and randomly at the starting point of observation. diversity of bird species obtained from various land cover totaling 30 species, 18 families and 361 individuals. The results of the study of bird species present on the entire land cover are Java chili (Dicaeum trochileum), Peking bondol (Lonchura punculata), stone kite (Hirundo tahitica), gray bentet (Lanius scach), honey sriganti (Cinnyris jugularis). Vegetation diversity around secondary forest land cover found 15 types of vegetation, shrub land cover found 12 types of vegetation, garden land cover found 13 types of vegetation, residential land cover found 12 types of vegetation, dry land forest cover found 20 types of vegetation. Branches / twigs are used as perches to adjust to the activities and types of vegetation where the birds perch on / perch, on average all birds will perch in the perched branch / branches with diameters of 1-5 cm.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendata keragaman jenis burung diberbagai tutupan lahan, menganalisis jenis vegetasi habitat burung diberbagai tutupan lahan, mengidentifikasi kelas tengger dahan/ranting yang dijadikan tempat bertengger burung disetiap tutupan lahan di areal KHDTK ULM (Kawasan Hutan Dengan Tujuan Khusus Universitas Lambung Mangkurat) Kalimantan Selatan. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode penjelajahan (Incidental Sampling) pada lokasi pengamatan dan secara acak pada titik awal pengamatan keragaman jenis burung yang didapat dari berbagai tutupan lahan berjumlah 30 jenis, 18 family dan 361 individu. Hasil penelitian jenis burung yang hadir pada seluruh tutupan lahan adalah cabai jawa (Dicaeum trochileum), bondol peking (Lonchura punculata), layang-layang batu (Hirundo tahitica), bentet kelabu (Lanius scach), madu sriganti (Cinnyris jugularis). Keragaman vegetasi di sekitar tutupan lahan hutan sekunder di temukan 15 jenis vegetasi, tutupan lahan semak belukar ditemukan 12 jenis vegetasi, tutupan lahan kebun ditemukan 13 jenis vegetasi, tutupan lahan pemukiman ditemukan 12 jenis vegetasi, tutupan  hutan lahan kering ditemukan 20 jenis vegetasi. Dahan/ranting yang di jadikan tempat bertengger menyesuaikan dengan aktifitas dan jenis vegetasi tempat berpijak/bertengger burung, rata-rata semua burung akan bertengger pada kelas tengger dahan/ranting dengan diameter 1-5 cm.

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