scholarly journals Remote Monitoring of Floating Covers Using UAV Photogrammetry

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Wong ◽  
Benjamin Steven Vien ◽  
Yue Ma ◽  
Thomas Kuen ◽  
Frank Courtney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
The State ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Structural Health Assessment ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Definition Of

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) is commonly the material of choice for covered anaerobic lagoons (CAL) at wastewater treatment plants. The membrane floats on the wastewater, and hence is called a “floating cover”, and is used for odour control and to harvest the methane-rich biogas as a renewable resource to generate electricity. The floating cover is an expensive and high-value asset that demands an efficient methodology for the determination of a set of engineering quantities for structural integrity assessment. Given the dynamics of the anaerobic activities under the floating cover, the state of deformation of the floating cover is an engineering measurand that is useful for its structural health assessment. A non-contact measurement strategy is preferred as it offers practical and safety-related benefits over other methods. In collaboration with Melbourne Water Corporation (MWC), an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) assisted photogrammetry approach was developed to address this need. Following the definition of the appropriate flight parameters required to quantify the state of deformation of the cover, a series of periodic flights were operated over the very large floating covers at MWC’s Western Treatment Plant (WTP) at Werribee, Victoria, Australia. This paper aims to demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of this inspection technique to determine the state of deformation of the floating covers measured over a ten-month period.

Structural Assessment of Large Membrane Structures Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Aided Photogrammetry: Determination of Flight Parameters and Trials at the Western Treatment Plant

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Wong ◽  
Frank Courtney ◽  
Benjamin Steven Vien ◽  
Thomas Kuen ◽  
Peter Douglas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Structural Health Assessment ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Flight Parameters

Abstract Floating covers are examples of a large membrane structure used at sewage treatment plants. At the Western Treatment Plant (WTP), Werribee, Melbourne, Australia, floating covers are used in the anaerobic lagoons. They are deployed to assist with the anaerobic treatment of the raw sewage beneath, to harness the methane-rich biogas generated, and for odor control. In this respect, these floating covers are important assets for harnessing a sustainable and renewable energy source, as well as protecting the environment from the release of the damaging greenhouse methane-rich biogas from the treatment plant. Given the continuous nature of the biological process beneath the cover, the forces imposed on the floating cover will change with time. Hence, the monitoring and the assessment of the structural integrity of the floating cover are of paramount importance. These floating covers are made from high-density polyethylene (HDPE), a polymeric material. The size of these covers, the hazardous environment, and the expected life span demand a novel, remotely piloted, unmanned aerial vehicle based noncontact technique for the structural health assessment. This assessment methodology will utilize photogrammetry as the basis for determining the surface deformation of the membrane. This paper reports on an experimental study to determine the flight parameters and to assess the accuracy of the measurement technique. It was conducted over an area having similar dimensions to the large covers at the WTP. There are also features in this area, which are of similar scale to those expected in the floating cover. A total of nine test flights were used to investigate the parameters for optimal definition of the significant features to describe the deformation of the floating cover. The findings inform the selection of the unmanned aerial vehicle assisted photogrammetry parameters for optimal flight altitude, photogrammetry image overlap, and flight grid path for future integrity assessment of the floating covers. Two trial flights at WTP are also discussed to demonstrate the effectiveness of this noncontact technique for the future structural health assessment and in assisting with the operation of this large high-value asset.

scholarly journals Strain Monitoring Strategy of Deformed Membrane Cover Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Assisted 3D Photogrammetry

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 2738
Author(s):  
Benjamin Steven Vien ◽  
Leslie Wong ◽  
Thomas Kuen ◽  
Frank Courtney ◽  
Jayantha Kodikara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Critical Function ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Aerial Photogrammetry ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

Large structures and high-value assets require inspection and integrity assessment methodologies that ensure maximum availability and operational capabilities. Large membranes are used as floating covers at the anaerobic wastewater lagoons of Melbourne Water’s Western Treatment Plant (WTP). A critical function of this high-value asset pertains to the harnessing of the biogas gas generated at these lagoons as well as protecting the environment from the release of odours and greenhouse gases. Therefore, a proactive inspection and efficient management strategy are required to ensure these expensive covers’ integrity and continued operation. Not only is identifying the state of stress on the floating cover crucial for its structural integrity assessment, but the development of rapid and non-contact inspections will significantly assist in determining the “real-life” performance of the cover for superior maintenance management. This study investigates a strain determination method for WTP floating cover which integrates unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted photogrammetry with finite element analyses to determine the structural integrity of these covers. Collective aerial images were compiled to form 3D digital models of the deformed cover specimens, which were then employed in computational and statistical analyses to assess and predict the strain of the cover. The findings complement the future implementation of UAV-assisted aerial photogrammetry for structural health assessment of the large floating covers.

French R&D Program for RPV Aging Management

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Churier-Bossennec ◽  
D. Moinereau ◽  
P. Todeschini ◽  
C. Faidy ◽  
G. Bezdikian
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Large Program ◽  
Periodic Safety ◽  
Long Lifetime ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Mitigation Methods

Until now French approach for RPV PTS assessment is based on at least 40 years lifetime. This lifetime has been taken into account at each step of the the RPV life: first early in the design, then at each periodic safety demonstration by including the surveillance program, the national and international feedback and R&D results. All of them confirm that all the 3-loop French RPV fulfill the existing criteria for at least 40 years of operation. In order to evaluate their capability to operate for 60 years, an Engineering and Research and Development program has been recently established and engaged by EDF. This large program of activities between all of divisions of EDF is focused on the different fields involved in the risk of fast rupture of the irradiated core vessel. The main purposes of this programme are: • the research of specific data corresponding to a long lifetime of about 60 years; • the studies of new methods to improve the demonstration including several themes such as fluence evaluation, determination of fracture toughness, structural integrity assessment including probabilistic approach, definition of transients; • the evaluation of mitigation methods. This paper contains first a description of what was done at each RPV PTS assessment and an overview of the present program.

Structural Integrity Assessment of a Pipeline Subjected to an Underwater Explosion

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Monti ◽  
Caterina Molinari ◽  
Massimiliano Bocciarelli ◽  
Alberto Corigliano ◽  
Stefano Mariani
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Underwater Explosion ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Bubble Pulsation ◽  
Numerical Approaches

Several trunklines cross either areas which in the recent past were war theatre or dumping areas used for burying weapons after the last war. The presence of unexploded mines, bombs or torpedoes on the seabed constitutes a potential hazard for the structural integrity of submarine pipelines. Before laying, it is therefore necessary to remove the unexploded charges within a corridor including the route. Risk still remains during the pipeline life, since annual surveys can show evidences of unexploded mines or torpedoes dragged by fishing gears till the protruding pipeline. Consequently, the structural integrity assessment of a submarine pipeline subjected to underwater explosions is of the utmost importance. The aforementioned assessment involves several aspects: the characterization of shock wave and gas bubble pulsation in water; the definition of loading conditions on the pipeline; the characterisation of the strain-rate properties of the steel; the local and global structural analysis; the pipe verification criteria. Aim of this study is to describe how the aforementioned aspects can be managed. Analytical and numerical approaches concerning the assessment of the structural response of the pipeline are presented, and criteria for Serviceability and Accidental Limit States are proposed.

Corrosion-Fatigue Structural Integrity Assessment Using a Thermodynamic Entropy Based Damage Approach

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anahita Imanian ◽  
Mohammad Modarres
Keyword(s):  
Entropy Generation ◽  
Corrosion Fatigue ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Irreversible Thermodynamics ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Thermodynamic Entropy ◽  
Equilibrium Processes ◽  
Thermodynamic Forces

Using fundamentals of irreversible thermodynamics, with specific focus on entropy generation, this paper studies the structural integrity of degraded materials. All damage mechanisms share a common feature namely energy dissipation. Dissipation, as a fundamental measure for irreversibility in a thermodynamic treatment of non-equilibrium processes, is quantified by entropy generation. Based on the theoretical relationship between entropy generation and generalized thermodynamic forces and fluxes, the entropic damage is measured during a corrosion-fatigue degradation experiment. Life estimation of components, which were subject to complex corrosion-fatigue degradation mechanism, was then estimated through a proposed entropic-based prognostic framework. The performance of predictions was evaluated and compared with previous predictions in terms of the influence of additional features on components health assessment.

scholarly journals Application of microturbines in improving the energy efficiency of municipal wastewater treatment plants in Missouri.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Tolulope Adewale Kudoro
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
The State ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

Hydropower is a source of renewable energy. It is possible to combine a hydropower installation with an existing wastewater plant while ensuring it still performs its basic purpose. The multipurpose scheme would be integrated into the facility to generate hydropower while also fulfilling its primary role of treating wastewater. The wastewater plant can generate renewable energy and benefit from introducing microturbines. The turbine system is moved by the power in the flowing treated water that is transformed into mechanical energy which rotates the generator and in turn generates electrical power. In this work, the potential for power generation from the energy in the outflow along with the economics of the system in wastewater plants in the state of Missouri was investigated to improve the energy efficiency of the municipal wastewater treatment plants. Data like the daily flow rate, speed of flow, available head, etc about the wastewater plants in Missouri were collected and some interviews held with plant managers of the wastewater treatment plants. The investigation revealed that there are 127 wastewater treatment plants in the state of Missouri with 32 plants discharging less than 1 Mgd, 74 plants discharging between 1 Mgd and 5 Mgd, 13 plants discharging between 5 Mgd and 20 Mgd while just 8 plants had an outflow between 20 Mgd and 120 Mgd range. The flowrate helps in calculating and determining the theoretical and actual amount of power that can be gotten from the micro hydropower system in the wastewater treatment plant. For the actual amount of power gotten, the efficiency factor (efficiency of the turbine, and efficiency of the generator) of the generating system is considered. A brief study on the turbine system was conducted and a crossflow turbine was selected as the most suitable for the wastewater treatment plant as a vast majority of them had low head and high flow capacity. The analysis showed that out of the 127 wastewater treatment plants in the state of Missouri, only 21 treatment plants have the maximum potential to generate power and reduce operating costs. Also, two plants were selected for case studies. The operating cost is reduced because of the decrease in demand for electrical power from the grid. The 21 treatment plants have a daily outflow between 5Mgd to 120Mgd and could produce power through an axial flow turbine that utilizes the kinetic energy in the flow volume.

PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN KERUGIAN NEGARA DALAM PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DAERAH

EDUKASI ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendra Karianga
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Regional Finance ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
State Finance ◽  
Budget Policy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Sources of revenue and expenditure of APBD (regional budget) can be allocated to finance the compulsory affairs and optional affairs in the form of programs and activities related to the improvement of public services, job creation, poverty alleviation, improvement of environmental quality, and regional economic growth. The implications of these policies is the need for funds to finance the implementation of the functions, that have become regional authority, is also increasing. In practice, regional financial management still poses a complicated issue because the regional head are reluctant to release pro-people regional budget policy, even implication of regional autonomy is likely to give birth to little kings in region causing losses to state finance and most end up in legal proceedings. This paper discusses the loss of state finance and forms of liability for losses to the state finance. The result of the study can be concluded firstly,  there are still many differences in giving meaning and definition of the loss of state finace and no standard definition of state losses, can cause difficulties. The difficulty there is in an effort to determine the amount of the state finance losses. The calculation of state/regions losses that occur today is simply assessing the suitability of the size of the budget and expenditure without considering profits earned by the community and the impact of the use of budget to the community. Secondly, the liability for losses to the state finance is the fulfillment of the consequences for a person to give or to do something in the regional financial management by giving birth to three forms of liability, namely the Criminal liability, Civil liability, and Administrative liability.Keywords: state finance losses, liability, regional finance.

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