scholarly journals Satellite Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence Reveals Heat Stress Impacts on Wheat Yield in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3277
Author(s):  
Yang Song ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Lixin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Gangetic Plains ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Food ◽  
Accumulated Degree Days

With continued global warming, the frequency and severity of heat wave events increased over the past decades, threatening both regional and global food security in the future. There are growing interests to study the impacts of drought on crop. However, studies on the impacts of heat stress on crop photosynthesis and yield are still lacking. To fill this knowledge gap, we used both statistical models and satellite solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) data to assess the impacts of heat stress on wheat yield in a major wheat growing region, the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP), India. The statistical model showed that the relationships between different accumulated degree days (ADD) and reported wheat yield were significantly negative. The results confirmed that heat stress affected wheat yield across this region. Building on such information, satellite SIF observations were used to further explore the physiological basis of heat stress impacts on wheat yield. Our results showed that SIF had strong negative correlations with ADDs and was capable of monitoring heat stress. The SIF results also indicated that heat stress caused yield loss by directly impacting the photosynthetic capacity in wheat. Overall, our findings demonstrated that SIF as an effective proxy for photosynthetic activity would improve our understanding of the impacts of heat stress on wheat yield.

scholarly journals Remediation of Pesticides by Microalgae as Feasible Approach in Agriculture: Bibliometric Strategies

Agronomy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Gayathiri Verasoundarapandian ◽  
Zheng Syuen Lim ◽  
Syahirah Batrisyia Mohamed Radziff ◽  
Siti Hajar Taufik ◽  
Nurul Aini Puasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Topic ◽  
Research Trend ◽  
Crop Loss ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pesticide Treatment ◽  
Remediation Strategies ◽  
Bibliometric Review ◽  
Global Food

Pesticide treatment dramatically reduces crop loss and enhances agricultural productivity, promoting global food security and economic growth. However, owing to high accrual and persistent tendency, pesticides could create significant ecological consequences when used often. Lately, the perspective has transitioned to implementing biological material, environmentally sustainable, and economical strategies via bioremediation approaches to eradicate pesticides contaminations. Microalgae were regarded as a prominent option for the detoxification of such hazardous contaminants. Sustainable application and remediation strategies of pesticides pollutants in the agriculture system by microalgae from the past studies, and recent advancements were integrated into this review. Bibliometric strategies to enhance the research advancements in pesticide bioremediation by microalgae between 2010 and 2020 were implemented through critical comparative analysis of documents from Scopus and PubMed databases. As a result, this study identified a growing annual research trend from 1994 to 2020 (nScopus > nPubMed). Global production of pesticide remediation by microalgae demonstrated significant contributions from India (23.8%) and China (16.7%). The author’s keyword clustering was visualized using bibliometric software (VOSviewer), which revealed the strongest network formed by “microalgae”, “bioremediation”, “biodegradation”, “cyanobacteria”, “wastewater”, and “pesticide” as significant to the research topic. Hence, this bibliometric review will facilitate the future roadmap for many scholars and authors who were drawing attention to the burgeoning research on bioremediation of pesticides to counteract environmental impacts while maintaining food sustainability.

scholarly journals Resilience and reactivity of global food security

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (22) ◽  
pp. 6902-6907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Suweis ◽  
Joel A. Carr ◽  
Amos Maritan ◽  
Andrea Rinaldo ◽  
Paolo D’Odorico
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food System ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Global Food ◽  
Country Specific

The escalating food demand by a growing and increasingly affluent global population is placing unprecedented pressure on the limited land and water resources of the planet, underpinning concerns over global food security and its sensitivity to shocks arising from environmental fluctuations, trade policies, and market volatility. Here, we use country-specific demographic records along with food production and trade data for the past 25 y to evaluate the stability and reactivity of the relationship between population dynamics and food availability. We develop a framework for the assessment of the resilience and the reactivity of the coupled population–food system and suggest that over the past two decades both its sensitivity to external perturbations and susceptibility to instability have increased.

scholarly journals Satellite sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence detects early response of winter wheat to heat stress in the Indian Indo-Gangetic Plains

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 4023-4037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lian Song ◽  
Luis Guanter ◽  
Kaiyu Guan ◽  
Liangzhi You ◽  
Alfredo Huete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Gangetic Plains

scholarly journals Integrated Proteomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Differential Expression of Chicken Lung Tissue in Response to NDV Infection during Heat Stress

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perot Saelao ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Ganrea Chanthavixay ◽  
Vivian Yu ◽  
Rodrigo A. Gallardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Disease Response ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Interesting Candidate ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Global Food

: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a devastating worldwide poultry pathogen with major implications for global food security. In this study, two highly inbred and genetically distinct chicken lines, Fayoumis and Leghorns, were exposed to a lentogenic strain of NDV, while under the effects of heat stress, in order to understand the genetic mechanisms of resistance during high ambient temperatures. Fayoumis, which are relatively more resistant to pathogens than Leghorns, had larger numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during the early stages of infection when compared to Leghorns and subsequently down-regulated their immune response at the latter stages to return to homeostasis. Leghorns had very few DEGs across all observed time points, with the majority of DEGs involved with metabolic and glucose-related functions. Proteomic analysis corroborates findings made within Leghorns, while also identifying interesting candidate genes missed by expression profiling. Poor correlation between changes observed in the proteomic and transcriptomic datasets highlights the potential importance of integrative approaches to understand the mechanisms of disease response. Overall, this study provides novel insights into global protein and expression profiles of these two genetic lines, and provides potential genetic targets involved with NDV resistance during heat stress in poultry.

scholarly journals A Review on Biosensors and Nanosensors Application in Agroecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Sharma ◽  
Vimal Pandey ◽  
Mayur Mukut Murlidhar Sharma ◽  
Anupam Patra ◽  
Baljinder Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystems ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
The Past ◽  
Skilled Personnel ◽  
Immunological Diseases ◽  
Global Food

AbstractPrevious decades have witnessed a lot of challenges that have provoked a dire need of ensuring global food security. The process of augmenting food production has made the agricultural ecosystems to face a lot of challenges like the persistence of residual particles of different pesticides, accretion of heavy metals, and contamination with toxic elemental particles which have negatively influenced the agricultural environment. The entry of such toxic elements into the human body via agricultural products engenders numerous health effects such as nerve and bone marrow disorders, metabolic disorders, infertility, disruption of biological functions at the cellular level, and respiratory and immunological diseases. The exigency for monitoring the agroecosystems can be appreciated by contemplating the reported 220,000 annual deaths due to toxic effects of residual pesticidal particles. The present practices employed for monitoring agroecosystems rely on techniques like gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectroscopy, etc. which have multiple constraints, being expensive, tedious with cumbersome protocol, demanding sophisticated appliances along with skilled personnel. The past couple of decades have witnessed a great expansion of the science of nanotechnology and this development has largely facilitated the development of modest, quick, and economically viable bio and nanosensors for detecting different entities contaminating the natural agroecosystems with an advantage of being innocuous to human health. The growth of nanotechnology has offered rapid development of bio and nanosensors for the detection of several composites which range from several metal ions, proteins, pesticides, to the detection of complete microorganisms. Therefore, the present review focuses on different bio and nanosensors employed for monitoring agricultural ecosystems and also trying to highlight the factor affecting their implementation from proof-of-concept to the commercialization stage.

scholarly journals Global risk of heat stress to cattle under climate change.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle A. North ◽  
James A. Franke ◽  
Birgitt Ouweneel ◽  
Christopher H. Trisos
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Global Risk ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Forest Regions ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Global Food ◽  
Land Use Practices

Abstract Livestock comprise the largest mammalian biomass on Earth and contribute to global food security. However, despite numerous case studies reporting heat impacts, the global risk of heat-related stress to livestock from climate change remains unquantified. Here, we conducted a global synthesis of documented heat stress in cattle to identify heat thresholds associated with decreased production and fertility, and increased mortality, and mapped these conditions worldwide for current and future climates. We find that unmitigated climate change will increase the duration of multiple-month heat stress outside the tropics whereas severity will increase most in the tropics and sub-tropics. Our results show that development pathways expanding cattle production into tropical forest regions in South America and Africa will both exacerbate climate change and expose hundreds of millions more cattle to increased heat stress, highlighting the contradiction of pursuing land-use practices that are themselves placed at high risk from resulting future climate hazards.

scholarly journals OCO-2 Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence Variability across Ecoregions of the Amazon Basin and the Extreme Drought Effects of El Niño (2015–2016)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony Oswaldo Castro ◽  
Jia Chen ◽  
Christian S. Zang ◽  
Ankit Shekhar ◽  
Juan Carlos Jimenez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Extreme Drought ◽  
Drought Vulnerability ◽  
Drought Period

Amazonian ecosystems are major biodiversity hotspots and carbon sinks that may lose species to extinction and become carbon sources due to extreme dry or warm conditions. We investigated the seasonal patterns of high-resolution solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) measured by the satellite Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) across the Amazonian ecoregions to assess the area´s phenology and extreme drought vulnerability. SIF is an indicator of the photosynthetic activity of chlorophyll molecules and is assumed to be directly related to gross primary production (GPP). We analyzed SIF variability in the Amazon basin during the period between September 2014 and December 2018. In particular, we focused on the SIF drought response under the extreme drought period during the strong El Niño in 2015–2016, as well as the 6-month drought peak period. During the drought´s peak months, the SIF decreased and increased with different intensities across the ecoregions of the Amazonian moist broadleaf forest (MBF) biome. Under a high temperature, a high vapor pressure deficit, and extreme drought conditions, the SIF presented differences from −31.1% to +17.6%. Such chlorophyll activity variations have been observed in plant-level measurements of active fluorescence in plants undergoing physiological responses to water or heat stress. Thus, it is plausible that the SIF variations in the ecoregions’ ecosystems occurred as a result of water and heat stress, and arguably because of drought-driven vegetation mortality and collateral effects in their species composition and community structures. The SIF responses to drought at the ecoregional scale indicate that there are different levels of resilience to drought across MBF ecosystems that the currently used climate- and biome-region scales do not capture. Finally, we identified monthly SIF values of 32 ecoregions, including non-MBF biomes, which may give the first insights into the photosynthetic activity dynamics of Amazonian ecoregions.

scholarly journals The past, present, and future of multiple wheat and maize breadbasket shocks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weston Anderson ◽  
Walter Baethgen ◽  
Fabian Capitanio ◽  
Philippe Ciais ◽  
Benjamin Cook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Climate Stress ◽  
Hydrological Stress ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation

Abstract Simultaneous yield shocks in multiple breadbaskets pose a potential threat to global food security, yet the historical risks and causes of such shocks are poorly understood. Here, we compile a dataset of subnational maize and wheat yield anomalies in 25 countries dating back to 1900 to better characterize the past, present, and future risk of multiple breadbasket shocks. We find that years in which at least half of all maize or wheat breadbaskets fall 10% (5%) below expected yields has occurred in ~2-3% (~14-16%) of years over the last century. Importantly, multiple breadbasket shocks have been decreasing in frequency from 1930 to 2017. The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) most strongly affects the probability of multiple maize breadbasket shocks, while the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) most strongly affects the probability of multiple wheat breadbasket shocks, each influencing the probability by up to 40%. The effect of climate change on climate stress in maize and wheat breadbaskets is mixed; extreme heat will increase uniformly, agricultural soil moisture stress will remain constant or increase, but hydrological stress (as measured by runoff) will remain constant or decrease in breadbasket regions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document