scholarly journals Monitoring Meteorological Drought in Southern China Using Remote Sensing Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3858
Author(s):  
Li Liu ◽  
Ran Huang ◽  
Jiefeng Cheng ◽  
Weiwei Liu ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Drought Monitoring ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Condition Indices ◽  
Index Calculation

Severe meteorological drought is generally considered to lead to crop damage and loss. In this study, we created a new standard value by averaging the values distributed in the middle 30–70% instead of the traditional mean value, and we proposed a new index calculation method named Normalized Indices (NI) for meteorological drought monitoring after normalized processing. The TRMM-derived precipitation data, GLDAS-derived soil moisture data, and MODIS-derived vegetation condition data from 2003 to 2019 were used, and we compared the NI with commonly used Condition Indices (CI) and Anomalies Percentage (AP). Taking the mid-to-lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MLRYR) as an example, the drought monitoring results for paddy rice and winter wheat showed that (1) NI can monitor well the relative changes in real precipitation/soil moisture/vegetation conditions in both arid and humid regions, while meteorological drought was overestimated with CI and AP, and (2) due to the monitoring results of NI, the well-known drought event that occurred in the MLRYR from August to October 2019 had a much less severe impact on vegetation than expected. In contrast, precipitation deficiency induced an increase in sunshine and adequate heat resources, which improved crop growth in 78.8% of the area. This study discusses some restrictions of CI and AP and suggests that the new NI index calculation provides better meteorological drought monitoring in the MLRYR, thus offering a new approach for future drought monitoring studies.

The application of FengYun-3 Microwave Radiation Imager soil moisture product in drought monitoring

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruijing Sun ◽  
Yeping Zhang ◽  
Shengli Wu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
Snow Water Equivalent ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Microwave Radiometer ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Drought Monitoring ◽  
Retrieval Algorithm ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Drought Event

<p>FY-3(Feng Yun 3) satellites series are the China’s second-generation polar-orbiting meteorological satellites. FY-3B is the second satellite of FY3 series which was launched on November 5, 2010. One of the eleven instruments on board the FY-3B satellite is the Microwave Radiation Imager (MWRI) which is a highly sensitive microwave radiometer. It is China’s first space-borne microwave radiometer. It has 5 different frequencies from 10.65GHz to 89GHz with dual polarization. The MWRI instrument provides measurements of terrestrial, oceanic, and atmospheric parameters, including precipitation rate, sea ice concentration, snow water equivalent, soil moisture, atmospheric cloud water, and water vapor. Soil moisture, as a key parameter in the drought monitoring, becomes especially concerned. The FY-3B/MWRI soil moisture product provides global observations of land surface soil moisture. The current soil moisture retrieval algorithm of FY-3B/MWRI uses the brightness temperature with both v and h polarizations of 10.65GHz to eliminate the effects of surface roughness and vegetation simultaneously. For the bare surface soil estimation part, the algorithm is based on a parameterized surface emission model (the Qp model) which uses a physically based soil moisture inversion technique for application with passive microwave measurements. For the vegetation correction part, the algorithm uses the empirical relationship between the NDVI and the vegetation water content to estimate the vegetation optical depth. The spatial resolution of FY-3B/MWRI soil moisture product is 0.25°×0.25°. In recent years, drought occurs frequently worldwide. As the only microwave sensor which operationally provides global soil moisture products currently in china, the FY-3B/MWRI soil moisture product plays an important part in drought monitoring during the meteorological service. In the summer of 2014, Henan Province which is located in the middle area of China suffered severe drought. The soil moisture of this area remained a very low level all along until significant precipitation finally came in last September. In the year of 2018, there was a severe drought occurred in Afghan, we used a long-time data series to analyze this drought event. The result showed that the FY-3B/MWRI soil moisture can objectively reflect the spatial distribution and development process of drought. This paper will give an introduction of the applications of FY-3B/MWRI soil moisture product during these drought event.</p>

scholarly journals DROUGHT MONITORING OVER PADDY FIELD AREA IN INDRAMAYU DISTRICT, WEST JAVA USING REMOTELY SENSED INDICES

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parwati ◽  
Miao Jungang ◽  
Orbita Roswintiarti
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Precipitation Index ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Drought Monitoring ◽  
West Java ◽  
Vegetation Health

In this research, several meteorological and agricultural drought indices based on remote sensing data are built for drought monitoring over paddy area in Indramayu District, West Java, Indonesia. The meteorological drought index of Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is developed from monthly Outgoing Long Wave Radiation (OLR) data from 1980 to 2005. The SPI represents the deficient of precipitation. Meanwhile, the agricultural drought of Vegetation Health Index (VHI) was developed from daily Moderate-resolution ImagingSpectroradiometer (MODIS) data during dry season (May-August) 2003-2006. The VHI was designed to monitoring vegetation health, soil moisture, and thermal conditions. The result shows that the agricultural drought occurate in Indramayu District, especially in the northern and southern part during the dry season in 2003 and 2004. It is found that there is a strong correlation between VHI and soil moisture measured in the field (r=0.84). Key words:Agricultural drought, Meteorological drought, Standardized Precipitation Index, Temperature Condition Index, Vegetation Condition Index.

scholarly journals Comparison of Agricultural Stakeholder Survey Results and Drought Monitoring Datasets during the 2016 U.S. Northern Plains Flash Drought

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 867-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. Otkin ◽  
Tonya Haigh ◽  
Anthony Mucia ◽  
Martha C. Anderson ◽  
Christopher Hain
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Black Hills ◽  
Drought Monitoring ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Drought Impacts ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
State Region ◽  
Survey Responses

Abstract The evolution of a flash drought event, characterized by a period of rapid drought intensification, is assessed using standard drought monitoring datasets and on-the-ground reports obtained via a written survey of agricultural stakeholders after the flash drought occurred. The flash drought impacted agricultural production across a five-state region centered on the Black Hills of South Dakota during the summer of 2016. The survey asked producers to estimate when certain drought impacts, ranging from decreased soil moisture to plant stress and diminished water resources, first occurred on their land. The geographic distribution and timing of the survey responses were compared to the U.S. Drought Monitor and to datasets depicting anomalies in evapotranspiration, precipitation, and soil moisture. Overall, the survey responses showed that this event was a multifaceted drought that caused a variety of impacts across the region. Comparisons of the survey reports to the drought monitoring datasets revealed that the topsoil moisture dataset provided the earliest warning of drought development, but at the expense of a high false alarm rate. Anomalies in evapotranspiration were closely aligned to the survey reports of plant stress and also provided a more focused depiction of where the worst drought conditions were located. This study provides evidence that qualitative reports of drought impacts obtained via written surveys provide valuable information that can be used to assess the accuracy of high-resolution drought monitoring datasets.

scholarly journals Divergent Sensitivities of Spaceborne Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence to Drought among Different Seasons and Regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 542
Author(s):  
Xiaofang Sun ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
Guicai Li ◽  
Junbang Wang ◽  
Zemeng Fan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Drought Monitoring ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Alpine Grasslands ◽  
Temperate Grasslands ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The Mean

As a newly emerging satellite form of data, solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) provides a direct measurement of photosynthetic activity. The potential of SIF for drought assessment in different grassland ecosystems is not yet clear. In this study, the correlations between spaceborne SIF and nine drought indices were evaluated. Standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) at a 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 month scale, Palmer drought severity index (PDSI), soil moisture, temperature condition index (TCI), and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) were evaluated. The relationships between different grassland types and different seasons were compared, and the driving forces affecting the sensitivity of SIF to drought were explored. We found that the correlations between SIF and drought indices were different for temperate grasslands and alpine grasslands. The correlation coefficients between SIF and soil moisture were the highest (the mean value was 0.72 for temperate grasslands and 0.69 for alpine grasslands), followed by SPEI and PDSI at a three month scale, and the correlation coefficient between SIF and TCI was the lowest (the mean value was 0.38 for both temperate and alpine grasslands). Spaceborne SIF is more effective for drought monitoring during the peak period of the growing season (July and August). Temperature and radiation are important factors affecting the sensitivity of SIF to drought. The results from this study demonstrated the importance of SIF in drought monitoring especially for temperate grasslands in the peak growing season.

scholarly journals Water and sediment runoff and soil moisture response to grass cover in sloping citrus land, Southern China

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 10-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghao Mo ◽  
Zhao Liu ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Yuejun Song ◽  
Anguo Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Bermuda Grass ◽  
Sediment Runoff ◽  
Grass Cover ◽  
Water And Sediment Runoff ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Water And Sediment

Soil erosion is recognized as one of the major environmental problems in the hilly red soil region of Jiangxi province, southern China. An eight-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of grass cover in the sloping citrus land on water and sediment runoff. Soil moisture regimes were also analysed based on the in-situ soil moisture measurement. Four treatments were carried out in the runoff plot experiment: (1) no vegetation, bare land (BL); (2) conventional treatment, citrus without grass cover (CK); (3) citrus with strip planting of Bermuda grass (SP); (4) citrus with full cover of Bermuda grass (FC). Results showed that the annual runoff volumes were significantly (P &lt; 0.05) reduced using SP (27.2 mm) and FC (33.0 mm) compared with CK (311.4 mm) and BL (456.7 mm) treatments. The SP and FC treatments significantly (P &lt; 0.05) reduced the annual average sediment yield by as much as 99.38% to 99.67%, compared with CK treatment. Soil moisture variations at the four depths (0–10, 10–20, 20–30, and 30–40 cm) were consistent with the seasonal precipitation patterns. Within the soil profile, soil moisture content increased with depth. In 3 of the 4 depths, the soil moisture contents of SP (21.20–27.84 m<sup>3</sup>/m<sup>3</sup>, mean value) were the highest. Soil moisture contents of FC (14.92–26.30 m<sup>3</sup>/m<sup>3</sup>,<br /> mean value) were lower than in SP because of the water consumption by plant transpiration, but were still higher than those of CK (16.03–25.00 m<sup>3</sup>/m<sup>3</sup>, mean value). Based on Richards’ equation numerical model, optimization tool and observed soil moisture data, actual evapotranspiration was calculated, and water balance analysis was carried out during drought and rain periods. The results indicated that planting grass in sloping citrus land can effectively reduce surface water runoff and soil erosion and increase water infiltration, but the risk of drought, resulting from planting grass, should be noticed. Compared with FC, the drought risk of SP was much lower during the drought period, and SP contributed to storage of more water in the root zone during the rain period. In conclusion, SP was a recommendable treatment.  

scholarly journals Precipitation and Soil Moisture Datasets Show Severe Droughts in the MENA Region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Al Bitar ◽  
Sami Najem ◽  
Lionel Jarlan ◽  
Mehrez Zribi ◽  
Ghaleb Faour
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Binary Classification ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Drought Monitoring ◽  
Moisture Index ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
North West ◽  
North East

Abstract The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is facing the challenge of lingering droughts. Precipitation and soil moisture are two Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) that are relevant for drought monitoring. We assessed the discrepancies in drought monitoring using remote sensing data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative (ESA-CCI) and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis data (ERA5). A standardized index approach is applied to the four datasets. The indices are spatially and temporally consistent except for the ESA-CCI soil moisture (SM) dataset. The indices depict drought events over the North-West Africa region and show that the TRMM standardized precipitation index (SPI), ERA5 SPI and standardized soil moisture index (SMI) detect drought events in the Near East. A binary classification analysis showed that the indices can accurately and precisely identify drought events across the MENA region except for North East Africa. The indices show that the MENA region was recently under severe to extreme drought conditions, which are driving the exploitation of available water resources in an unsustainable manner. A focus on the Haouz Plain, Morocco, and Aleppo, Syria, shows the critical situation, while the conditions over Al Jazirah, Sudan, are less critical.

scholarly journals A Practical Satellite-Derived Vegetation Drought Index for Arid and Semi-Arid Grassland Drought Monitoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 414
Author(s):  
Sheng Chang ◽  
Hong Chen ◽  
Bingfang Wu ◽  
Elbegjargal Nasanbat ◽  
Nana Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Drought Index ◽  
Temporal Frequency ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Drought Monitoring ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Vegetation Health Index ◽  
Semi Arid

In semi-arid pasture areas, drought may directly influence livestock production, cause economic losses, and accelerate the processes of desertification along with destructive human activities (i.e., overgrazing). The aim of this article is to analyze the disadvantages of several drought indices derived from remote sensing data and develop a new vegetation drought index (VDI) for monitoring of grassland drought with high temporal frequency (dekad) and fine spatial resolution (1 km). The site-based soil moisture data from the field campaign in 2014 and the fenced biomass values at nine sites from 2000 to 2015 were adopted for validation. The results indicate that the proposed VDI would better reflect the extent, severity, and changes of drought compared with single drought indices or the vegetation health index (VHI); specifically, the VDI is more closely related to site-based soil moisture, with R human increasing to approximately 0.07 compared with the VHI; and with normalized fenced biomass (NFB) values, with average R human increasing to approximately 0.11 compared with the VHI. However, the correlations between VHI and VDI with NFB values are relatively lower in desert steppe regions. Furthermore, regional drought-affected data (RDA) are used to ensure spatial consistency of the evaluation; the VDI map is in good agreement with the RDA map based on field measurements. The presented VDI shows reliable and stable drought monitoring ability, which will play an important role in the future drought monitoring of inland grassland.

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