3D Digitisation of Large-Scale Unstructured Great Wall Heritage Sites by a Small Unmanned Helicopter

Architectural heritage is cultural and spiritual symbol of our predecessors with immeasurable historical, artistic, and technological value. However, these heritages are exposed to long-term degradation due to the combination impacts from the natural erosion and anthropogenic activities. Consequently, it is important to establish an effective deformation monitoring system to support the sustainable conservation of those properties. In order to make complementary to conventional geodetic measurements such as global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) and leveling in terms of spatial density, we propose a landscape-ontology scale multi-temporal InSAR (MTInSAR) solution for the preventive deformation monitoring of large-scale architectural heritage sites through the adaption of current MTInSAR approaches. We apply different solutions in Shanhaiguan section of the Great Wall in China and the Angkor Wat in Cambodia based on their onsite characteristics. At the cultural landscape scale, we improve the small baseline subset (SBAS) approach by the induced pseudo-baseline strategy in order to avoid the errors caused by inaccurate external DEM, resulting in a robust deformation estimation in mountainous areas where the architecture heritage of the Great Wall located; at the ontology scale, we integrate the differential SAR tomography (DTomoSAR) with the finite element method (FEM) for the structural instability detection of the Angkor Wat Temple, pinpointing the structural defects from the 3D deformation measurements and simulation. This study demonstrates the capability of adaptive MTInSAR approaches for the preventive monitoring the deformation of large-scale architectural heritage sites.Keywords: Architectural heritage; two-scale; deformation; MTInSAR

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Large-Scale Flows in the Local Universe

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900110058 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 168 ◽

pp. 175-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D.S. Mathewson ◽

V.L. Ford

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Velocity Measurements ◽

Local Universe ◽

Peculiar Velocities ◽

Redshift Surveys ◽

Density Maps ◽

The Universe ◽

Great Wall ◽

Great Attractor ◽

Streaming Flow

Peculiar velocity measurements of 2500 southern spiral galaxies show large-scale flows in the direction of the Hydra-Centaurus clusters which fully participate in the flow themselves. The flow is not uniform over this region and seems to be associated with the denser regions which participate in the flow of amplitude about 400km/s. In the less dense regions the flow is small or non-existent. This makes the flow quite asymmetric and inconsistent with that expected from large-scale, parallel streaming flow that includes all galaxies out to 6000km/s as previously thought. The flow cannot be modelled by a Great Attractor at 4300km/s or the Centaurus clusters at 3500km/s. Indeed, from the density maps derived from the redshift surveys of “optical” and IRAS galaxies, it is difficult to see how the mass concentrations can be responsible particularly as they themselves participate in the flow. These results bring into question the generally accepted reason for the peculiar velocities of galaxies that they arise solely as a consequence of infall into the dense regions of the universe. To the N. of the Great Attractor region, the flow increases and shows no sign of diminishing out to the redshift limit of 8000km/s in this direction. We may have detected flow in the nearest section of the Great Wall.

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CREATION OF THE WEB-MAP OF THE BOGUSLAVSKY DISTRICT

GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM ◽

10.17721/2308-135x.2019.47.129-139 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 129-139

Author(s):

Tamara Mykolayivna Kurach ◽

Iryna Aleksandrovna Pidlisetskaya

Keyword(s):

Cultural Heritage ◽

Theoretical Basis ◽

Large Scale ◽

Web Mapping ◽

Heritage Sites ◽

Web Map ◽

Thematic Mapping ◽

Interactive Map ◽

The Web

The goal is to develop a tourist interactive map "Landmarks of Bohuslav". The methodology. The methodological and theoretical basis of the study is modern geographical and cartographic science in the field of thematic mapping with the involvement of web-mapping technologies. Results. A large-scale tourist web map of the cultural heritage of the Boguslavsky region - “Sights of Boguslavshchina” was created. Scientific novelty. Approbation of the methodology and technology for the development of interactive large-scale web maps of tourism topics involving the Leaflet JavaScript library. Practical value. An interactive tourist web map of the historical and cultural heritage sites “Sights of Bohuslavshchina” will be published on the website of the health-improving institution of sanatorium-type “Chaika”. Convenient using, visualization, prompt receipt of information will help to increase the attractiveness of tourist Boguslavschina routes.

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A comparative case study of MTInSAR approaches for deformation monitoring of the cultural landscape of the Shanhaiguan section of the Great Wall

10.21203/rs.3.rs-301999/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hang Xu ◽

Fulong Chen ◽

Wei Zhou

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Linear Structure ◽

Deformation Monitoring ◽

Sar Interferometry ◽

Comparative Case Study ◽

Rock Falls ◽

High Resolution Data ◽

Heritage Sites ◽

Great Wall

Abstract The Great Wall of China is one of the largest architectural heritage sites globally, and its sustainability is a significant concern. However, its large extent and diverse characteristics cause challenges for deformation monitoring. In this study, the Shanhaiguan section of the Great Wall was investigated in a case study to ascertain the damage and potential hazards of the architectural site. Two standard multi-temporal synthetic aperture radar interferometry (MTInSAR) technologies, including persistent scatterer SAR interferometry (PSInSAR) and small baseline subset (SBAS) SAR interferometry, were used for deformation monitoring using high-resolution TerraSAR-X data acquired in 2015–2017. The results of the two MTInSAR approaches revealed the health condition of the Great Wall. The Shanhaiguan section was stable, but local instabilities caused by rock falls were detected in some mountainous areas. In addition, the applicability of PSInSAR and SBAS was evaluated. The performance analysis of the two approaches indicated that a more reliable and adaptable MTInSAR technique needs to be developed for monitoring the Great Wall. This study demonstrates the potential of MTInSAR technology with high-resolution data for the health diagnosis of heritage sites with a linear structure, such as the Great Wall.

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SpaCeborne SAR Interferometry as a Noninvasive tool to assess the vulnerability over Cultural hEritage sites (SCIENCE)

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-13397 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Athanasia-Maria Tompolidi ◽

Issaak Parcharidis ◽

Constantinos Loupasakis ◽

Michalis Fragkiadakis ◽

Pantelis Soupios ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Cultural Heritage ◽

Ming Dynasty ◽

Ground Deformation ◽

Sar Interferometry ◽

Archaeological Sites ◽

Science Project ◽

Heritage Sites ◽

Persistent Scatterers ◽

Great Wall

Cultural heritage is a key element of history as the ancient monuments and archaeological sites enrich today&#8217;s societies and help connect us to our cultural origins. The project entitled ''SpaCeborne SAR Interferometry as a Nonivasive tool to assess the vulnerability over Cultural hEritage sites (SCIENCE)'' has as ultimate objective to predict the vulnerability of the archaeological sites to ground deformation in time and space and protect them against natural/man-made damage. The SCIENCE project aims to develop, demonstrate, and validate, in terms of geotechnical local conditions and monuments&#8217; structural health, SAR interferometric techniques to monitor potential ground deformation affecting the archaeological sites and monuments of great importance.&#160;During the last few years, spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferometry has proven to be a powerful remote sensing tool for detecting and measuring ground deformation and studying the deformation&#8217;s impact on man-made structures. It provides centimeter to millimeter resolution and even single buildings/monuments can be mapped from space. Considering the limitations of conventional MT-InSAR techniques, such as Persistent Scatterers Interferometry (PSI), in this project a two-step Tomography-based Persistent Scatterers (PS) Interferometry (Tomo-PSInSAR) approach is proposed for monitoring ground deformation and structural instabilities over the Ancient City Walls (Ming Dynasty) in Nanjing city, China and in the Great Wall in Zhangjiakou, China. The Tomo-PSInSAR is capable of separating overlaid PS in the same location, minimizing the unfavorable layover effects of slant-range imaging in SAR data. Moreover, the demonstrations are performed on well-known test sites in China and in Greece, such as: a) Ming Dynasty City Walls in Nanjing, b) Great Wall in Zhangjiakou, c) Acropolis complex of Athens and d) Heraklion walls (Crete Island), respectively.In particular, in the framework of SCIENCE project are processed several radar datasets such as Sentinel 1 A & B data of Copernicus program and the high resolution TerraSAR-X data. The products of Persistent Scatterers Interferometry (PSI) are exported in various formats for the identification of the persistent scatterers using high resolution optical images, aerial photographs and fusing with high accuracy Digital Surface Models (DSM). In addition, the validation of the results is taking place through in-situ measurements (geological, geothechnical e.t.c) and data for the cultural heritage sites conditions.SCIENCE project&#8217;s final goal is the risk assessment analysis of the cultural heritage monuments and their surrounding areas aiming to benefit institutions, organizations, stakeholders and private agencies in the cultural heritage domain through the creation of a validated pre-operation non-invasive system and service based on earth observation data supporting end-user needs by the provision knowledge about cultural heritage protection. In conclusion, SCIENCE project is composed by a bilateral consortium of the Greek delegation of Harokopio University of Athens, National Technical University of Athens, Terra Spatium S.A, Ephorate of Antiquities of Heraklion (Crete), Acropolis Restoration Service (Athens) of Ministry of Culture and Sports and by the Chinese delegation of Science Academy of China (Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth) and &#160;International Centre on Space Technologies for Natural and Cultural Heritage (HIST) under the auspices of UNESCO (HIST-UNESCO).

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A risk-reduction framework for urban cultural heritage: a comparative study on Italian historic centres

Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development ◽

10.1108/jchmsd-07-2020-0099 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Francesca Giuliani ◽

Rosa Grazia De Paoli ◽

Enrica Di Miceli

Keyword(s):

Cultural Heritage ◽

Social Life ◽

Large Scale ◽

Qualitative Assessment ◽

Content Type ◽

Heritage Sites ◽

Step Procedure ◽

Response And Recovery ◽

A Site ◽

Key Resources

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present and validate a large-scale methodology for risk assessment and management in cultural heritage sites, taking into account their specific tangible or intangible values. Emphasis is given to historic centres that are key resources in building resilience to disasters but are also highly vulnerable due to several factors, such as the characteristics of the built environment, the community and social life, the lack of risk awareness and maintenance and finally the poor regulatory framework for their management and valorisation.Design/methodology/approachThe multi-step procedure starts from the assessment of the attributes of cultural heritage in order to identify priorities and address the analysis. Then, it evaluates the primary and secondary hazards in the area, the vulnerabilities and threats of the site and the impacts of the chain of events. Finally, it allows for calibrating a site-specific set of mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery measures.FindingsThe application to two case studies in the Italian peninsula, the historic centres of San Gimignano and Reggio Calabria, allows for identifying research gaps and practical opportunities towards the adoption of common guidelines for the selection of safety measures.Originality/valueBy providing a qualitative assessment of risks, the research points out the potentialities of the methodology in the disaster risk management of cultural heritage due to its capacity to be comprehensive and inclusive towards disciplines and professionals.

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Autonomous Trajectory Tracking Control for a Large-Scale Unmanned Helicopter under Airflow Influence

Mathematical Problems in Engineering ◽

10.1155/2019/7320567 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Zhi Chen ◽

Xiaowei Tu ◽

Qinghua Yang ◽

Daobo Wang ◽

Jian Fu

Keyword(s):

Tracking Control ◽

Large Scale ◽

Sliding Mode ◽

Hierarchical Control ◽

Hardware In The Loop ◽

Wind Disturbance ◽

Unmanned Helicopter ◽

Trajectory Tracking Control ◽

Practical Engineering ◽

The Stability

In this paper, a complete nonlinear dynamic unmanned helicopter model considering wind disturbance is proposed to achieve realistic simulations and teasing out the effect of wind on the control system. The wind velocity vector which is horizontal as seen in the inertial frame can be obtained by subtracting the airspeed measured by atmospheric data computer from the inertial speed measured by GPS. The design of the controller fully considers the existence of wind, and the wind disturbance is suppressed by the method of hierarchical control combined with the integral sliding mode control (SMC). The stability proof is given. Hardware in the loop (HIL) tool is employed as a practical engineering solution, and it is an essential step in validating the new algorithm before moving to real flight experiments.

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An Introduction to the Stone Age Archaeology of the Polihali Dam Area, Mokhotlong District, Lesotho

Journal of African Archaeology ◽

10.1163/21915784-20190016 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Tim Forssman ◽

Matt Lotter ◽

John Parkington ◽

Jeremy Hollmann ◽

Jessica Angel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cultural Heritage ◽

Large Scale ◽

Management Program ◽

Heritage Management ◽

Cultural Heritage Management ◽

Heritage Sites ◽

Built Heritage ◽

Heritage Studies ◽

Using Data ◽

Eastern Highlands

Abstract Much of Lesotho’s cultural heritage has been studied as a result of dam developments. Where dams have been built, heritage studies have provided crucial data for improving our understanding of local archaeological sequences. Ahead of the construction of the Lesotho Highland Development Authority’s (LHDA) new Polihali Dam in Lesotho’s Mokhotlong District and following the recommendations of a heritage assessment (CES 2014), a large-scale five-year cultural heritage management program was launched in 2018 that seeks to excavate and mitigate a number of heritage sites. Here, we provide the background to one of southern Africa’s largest heritage mitigation contracts by contextualising the current research program. We then present the archaeology of Lesotho’s eastern highlands basalt region using data collected during the inception phase of this program. The findings challenge current preconceived notions about the sparsity of archaeological remains for this region.

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