scholarly journals UWB Localization with Battery-Powered Wireless Backbone for Drone-Based Inventory Management

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Macoir ◽  
Jan Bauwens ◽  
Bart Jooris ◽  
Ben Van Herbruggen ◽  
Jen Rossey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inventory Management ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Personnel Costs ◽  
Accurate Localization ◽  
Current Consumption ◽  
Anchor Nodes ◽  
Update Rate ◽  
Average Current ◽  
Low Costs

Current inventory-taking methods (counting stocks and checking correct placements) in large vertical warehouses are mostly manual, resulting in (i) large personnel costs, (ii) human errors and (iii) incidents due to working at large heights. To remedy this, the use of autonomous indoor drones has been proposed. However, these drones require accurate localization solutions that are easy to (temporarily) install at low costs in large warehouses. To this end, we designed a Ultra-Wideband (UWB) solution that uses infrastructure anchor nodes that do not require any wired backbone and can be battery powered. The resulting system has a theoretical update rate of up to 2892 Hz (assuming no hardware dependent delays). Moreover, the anchor nodes have an average current consumption of only 27 mA (compared to 130 mA of traditional UWB infrastructure nodes). Finally, the system has been experimentally validated and is available as open-source software.

scholarly journals Particle Filtering for Three-Dimensional TDoA-Based Positioning Using Four Anchor Nodes

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 4516
Author(s):  
Mohamed Khalaf-Allah
Keyword(s):  
Inventory Management ◽  
Particle Filtering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Unmanned Air Vehicle ◽  
Air Vehicle ◽  
Resampling Procedure ◽  
Anchor Nodes ◽  
State Position ◽  
3D Positioning

In this article, the four-anchor time difference of arrival (TDoA)-based three-dimensional (3D) positioning by particle filtering is addressed. The implemented particle filter uses 1000 particles to represent the probability density function (pdf) of interest, i.e., the posterior pdf of the target node’s state (position). A resampling procedure is used to generate particles in the prediction step, and TDoA measurements are used to determine the importance, i.e., weight, of each particle to enable updating the posterior pdf and estimating the position of the target node. The simulation results show the feasibility of this approach and the possibility to employ it in indoor positioning applications under the assumed working conditions using, e.g., the ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless technology. Therefore, it is possible to enable unmanned air vehicle (UAV) positioning applications, e.g., inventory management in large warehouses, without the need for an excessive number of anchor nodes.

scholarly journals AGV Localization System Based on Ultra-Wideband and Vision Guidance

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohao Hu ◽  
Zai Luo ◽  
Wensong Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Monocular Vision ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Localization Algorithm ◽  
Localization Accuracy ◽  
Localization Method ◽  
Localization System ◽  
Indoor Location ◽  
Accurate Localization ◽  
Vision Localization ◽  
Automated Storage

Aiming at the problems of low localization accuracy and complicated localization methods of the automatic guided vehicle (AGV) in the current automatic storage and transportation process, a combined localization method based on the ultra-wideband (UWB) and the visual guidance is proposed. Both the UWB localization method and the monocular vision localization method are applied to the indoor location of the AGV. According to the corner points of an ArUco code fixed on the AGV body, the monocular vision localization method can solve the pose information of the AGV by the PnP algorithm in real-time. As an auxiliary localization method, the UWB localization method is called to locate the AGV coordinates. The distance from the tag on the AGV body to the surrounding anchors is measured by the time of flight (TOF) ranging algorithm, and the actual coordinates of the AGV are calculated by the trilateral centroid localization algorithm. Then, the localization data of the UWB is corrected by the mean compensation method to obtain a consistent and accurate localization trajectory. The experiment result shows that this localization system has an error of 15mm, which meets the needs of AGV location in the process of automated storage and transportation.

scholarly journals On the Energy Performance of Iridium Satellite IoT Technology

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 7235
Author(s):  
Carles Gomez ◽  
Seyed Mahdi Darroudi ◽  
Héctor Naranjo ◽  
Josep Paradells
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Satellite Technology ◽  
Current Consumption ◽  
Average Current ◽  
Real Hardware ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Terrestrial Network ◽  
Device Lifetime

Most Internet of Things (IoT) communication technologies rely on terrestrial network infrastructure. When such infrastructure is not available or does not provide sufficient coverage, satellite communication offers an alternative IoT connectivity solution. Satellite-enabled IoT devices are typically powered by a limited energy source. However, as of this writing, and to our best knowledge, the energy performance of satellite IoT technology has not been investigated. In this paper, we model and evaluate the energy performance of Iridium satellite technology for IoT devices. Our work is based on real hardware measurements. We provide average current consumption, device lifetime, and energy cost of data delivery results as a function of different parameters. Results show, among others, that an Iridium-enabled IoT device, running on a 2400 mAh battery and sending a 100-byte message every 100 min, may achieve a lifetime of 0.95 years. However, Iridium device energy performance decreases significantly with message rate.

Ranging Technology for Accurate Localization in Short-Range Wireless Networks – A Comparative Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 467-469 ◽  
pp. 713-717
Author(s):  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
Shu Tang Liu ◽  
Yue Liu
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Localization System ◽  
Accurate Localization ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Localization Algorithms

Localization capability is usually required and designed for wireless networks. Although many localization algorithms have been proposed, the refinement issue of guaranteeing the location accuracy is still in its early stage of development. This paper compares different ranging technologies for localization measurement. Specifically, we analyze infrared, ultra sonic, radio frequency and ultra wideband as different choices. After a comparative study the paper recommends ultra wideband as the best candidate for accurate range-based localization system in the short-range wireless network scenario.

scholarly journals Ultra-Wideband Indoor Positioning and IMU-Based Activity Recognition for Ice Hockey Analytics

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4650
Author(s):  
Robbe Vleugels ◽  
Ben Van Herbruggen ◽  
Jaron Fontaine ◽  
Eli De Poorter
Keyword(s):  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Peak Detection Algorithm ◽  
Unseen Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Complete Measurement ◽  
Update Rate ◽  
Set Up

Currently, gathering statistics and information for ice hockey training purposes mostly happens by hand, whereas the automated systems that do exist are expensive and difficult to set up. To remedy this, in this paper, we propose and analyse a wearable system that combines player localisation and activity classification to automatically gather information. A stick-worn inertial measurement unit was used to capture acceleration and rotation data from six ice hockey activities. A convolutional neural network was able to distinguish the six activities from an unseen player with a 76% accuracy at a sample frequency of 100 Hz. Using unseen data from players used to train the model, a 99% accuracy was reached. With a peak detection algorithm, activities could be automatically detected and extracted from a complete measurement for classification. Additionally, the feasibility of a time difference of arrival based ultra-wideband system operating at a 25 Hz update rate was determined. We concluded that the system, when the data were filtered and smoothed, provided acceptable accuracy for use in ice hockey. Combining both, it was possible to gather useful information about a wide range of interesting performance measures. This shows that our proposed system is a suitable solution for the analysis of ice hockey.

scholarly journals Accuracy Enhancement of Anomaly Localization with Participatory Sensing Vehicles

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Bridgelall ◽  
Denver Tolliver
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cost ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Participatory Sensing ◽  
Connected Vehicles ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Accurate Localization ◽  
Update Rate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vehicle Sensors ◽  
Transportation Agencies

Transportation agencies cannot afford to scale existing methods of roadway and railway condition monitoring to more frequently detect, localize, and fix anomalies throughout networks. Consequently, anomalies such as potholes and cracks develop between maintenance cycles and cause severe vehicle damage and safety issues. The need for a lower-cost and more-scalable solution spurred the idea of using sensors on board vehicles for a continuous and network-wide monitoring approach. However, the timing of the full adoption of connected vehicles is uncertain. Therefore, researchers used smartphones to evaluate a variety of methods to implement the application using regular vehicles. However, the poor accuracy of standard positioning services with low-cost geospatial positioning system (GPS) receivers presents a significant challenge. The experiments conducted in this research found that the error spread can exceed 32 m, and the mean localization error can exceed 27 m at highway speeds. Such large errors can make the application impractical for widespread use. This work used statistical techniques to inform a model that can provide more accurate localization. The proposed method can achieve sub-meter accuracy from participatory vehicle sensors by knowing only the mean GPS update rate, the mean traversal speed, and the mean latency of tagging accelerometer samples with GPS coordinates.

scholarly journals Effect of Carbon Emission and Human Errors on a Two-Echelon Supply Chain under Permissible Delay in Payments

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-236
Author(s):  
Manavi Gilotra ◽  
Sarla Pareek ◽  
Mandeep Mittal ◽  
Vinti Dhaka
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Inventory Management ◽  
Trade Credit ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Solution Procedure ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Type I ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Delay In Payments

Environmental worries in production and inventory models have received large attention in inventory management literature. In this paper, an economic production model is proposed with two-echelon supply chain when trade credit is offered by the supplier. This paper proposes human errors of Type I and Type II due to fatigue and inexperience of the inspector during screening. It considers the use of energy for production along with greenhouse gases (GHG) emission from production and transportation operations. The developed model optimizes the environmental and economic performances of the supply chain. Our aim is to explore the effects of human errors during inspection on the emission cost, transportation cost and delay in payment on the replenishment of order sizes and the expected total profit of the retailer. A mathematical model is developed and numerical examples are provided to illustrate the solution procedure.

scholarly journals Reconfigurable ultra-wideband transmitter for generation of arbitrary impulse shapes and modulation schemes

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
A. T. Ott ◽  
C. J. Eisner ◽  
M. D. Blech ◽  
T. F. Eibert
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Frequency ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Digital To Analog Converter ◽  
Reconfigurable Design ◽  
Analog Converter ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Update Rate ◽  
Modulation Schemes ◽  
High Flexibility ◽  
Very High

Abstract. In this paper a reconfigurable ultra-wideband (UWB) impulse radio (IR) transmitter is presented. The IR signal is synthesized at an intermediate frequency (IF) by employing a multi-Nyquist digital-to-analog converter (DAC) with 12 bit resolution and an update rate of 2.3 GHz. Digital generation of signals in a field programmable gate array (FPGA) guarantees very high flexibility of the reconfigurable design. For upconversion to the radio frequency (RF) band, a first order bandpass (BP) sampling concept and an alternative conventional concept with mixer stages, have been realized. The system enables to generate signals with arbitrary modulation schemes and techniques at an external host personal computer (PC) employing MATLAB. Different measurements using a digitizing oscilloscope have been conducted to demonstrate the performance of the transmitter.

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