scholarly journals Exploring the Role of Wearable Technology in Sport Kinematics and Kinetics: A Systematic Review

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yewande Adesida ◽  
Enrica Papi ◽  
Alison H McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Angular Rate ◽  
Wearable Technology ◽  
Optical Motion ◽  
Measurement Units ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Optical Motion Capture ◽  
Flex Sensors ◽  
Kinematics And Kinetics

The aim of this review was to understand the use of wearable technology in sport in order to enhance performance and prevent injury. Understanding sports biomechanics is important for injury prevention and performance enhancement and is traditionally assessed using optical motion capture. However, such approaches are limited by capture volume restricting assessment to a laboratory environment, a factor that can be overcome by wearable technology. A systematic search was carried out across seven databases where wearable technology was employed to assess kinetic and kinematic variables in sport. Articles were excluded if they focused on sensor design and did not measure kinetic or kinematic variables or apply the technology on targeted participants. A total of 33 articles were included for full-text analysis where participants took part in a sport and performed dynamic movements relating to performance monitored by wearable technologies. Inertial measurement units, flex sensors and magnetic field and angular rate sensors were among the devices used in over 15 sports to quantify motion. Wearable technology usage is still in an exploratory phase, but there is potential for this technology to positively influence coaching practice and athletes’ technique.

scholarly journals IMU gyroscopes are a valid alternative to 3D optical motion capture system for angular kinematics analysis in tennis

2020 ◽  
pp. 175433712096544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Delgado-García ◽  
Jos Vanrenterghem ◽  
Emilio J Ruiz-Malagón ◽  
Pablo Molina-García ◽  
Javier Courel-Ibáñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Motion Capture ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
System Level ◽  
Optical Motion ◽  
Measurement Units ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Optical Motion Capture ◽  
Level Of Agreement

Whereas 3D optical motion capture (OMC) systems are considered the gold standard for kinematic assessment in sport science, they present some drawbacks that limit its use in the field. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) incorporating gyroscopes have been considered as a more practical alternative. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate the level of agreement for angular velocity between IMU gyroscopes and an OMC system for varying tennis strokes and intensities. In total, 240 signals of angular velocity from different body segments and types of strokes (forehand, backhand and service) were recorded from four players (two competition players and two beginners). The angular velocity of the IMU gyroscopes was compared to the angular velocity from the OMC system. Level of agreement was evaluated by correlation coefficients, magnitudes of errors in absolute and relative values and Bland-Altman plots. Differences between both systems were highly consistent within players’ skill (i.e. along the broad range of velocities) and axes ( x, y, z). Correlations ranged from 0.951 to 0.993, indicating a very strong relationship and concordance. The magnitude of the differences ranged from 4.4 to 35.4 deg·s−1. The difference relative to the maximum angular velocity achieved was less than 5.0%. The study concluded that IMUs and OMC systems showed comparable values. Thus, IMUs seem to be a valid alternative to detect meaningful differences in angular velocity during tennis groundstrokes in field-based experimentation.

scholarly journals The Role of Velocity Based Training in the Strength Periodization for Modern Athletes

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aristide Guerriero ◽  
Carlo Varalda ◽  
Maria Piacentini
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Measurement Units ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Correct Understanding ◽  
Level Of Effort

Resistance training (RT) is considered the most important method to improve the athlete’s strength and rate of force development (RFD). In the last decade, the importance of monitoring velocity during RT has drastically grown, because of an increased availability of linear position transducers (LPT) and inertial measurement units (IMU). The purpose of this review is to analyze the existing literature on testing techniques and performance strategies used to enhance strength and power performance of elite athletes, by monitoring the velocity of resistance training. The authors focus in particular on the level of effort of resistance training defined by velocity; how the loss of velocity correlates with the degree of fatigue and how it can be used to enhance the performance of competitive athletes; the use of LPT as part of the daily routine of the strength and conditioning programs in competitive sport. It is therefore critical for the sports scientists to have a correct understanding of the basic concepts of the velocity-based training and their application to elite sports. The ultimate goal is to give some indications on the velocity-based resistance training integration in the programs of different sports in the high performance environment.

scholarly journals Wearables for Biomechanical Performance Optimization and Risk Assessment in Industrial and Sports Applications

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Sam McDevitt ◽  
Haley Hernandez ◽  
Jamison Hicks ◽  
Russell Lowell ◽  
Hamza Bentahaikt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Measurement Units ◽  
Numerous Data ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual

Wearable technologies are emerging as a useful tool with many different applications. While these devices are worn on the human body and can capture numerous data types, this literature review focuses specifically on wearable use for performance enhancement and risk assessment in industrial- and sports-related biomechanical applications. Wearable devices such as exoskeletons, inertial measurement units (IMUs), force sensors, and surface electromyography (EMG) were identified as key technologies that can be used to aid health and safety professionals, ergonomists, and human factors practitioners improve user performance and monitor risk. IMU-based solutions were the most used wearable types in both sectors. Industry largely used biomechanical wearables to assess tasks and risks wholistically, which sports often considered the individual components of movement and performance. Availability, cost, and adoption remain common limitation issues across both sports and industrial applications.

scholarly journals Proposed Mobility Assessments with Simultaneous Full-Body Inertial Measurement Units and Optical Motion Capture in Healthy Adults and Neurological Patients for Future Validation Studies: Study Protocol

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 5833
Author(s):  
Elke Warmerdam ◽  
Robbin Romijnders ◽  
Johanna Geritz ◽  
Morad Elshehabi ◽  
Corina Maetzler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motion Capture ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Inertial Measurement Units ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Inertial Measurement ◽  
Neurological Patients ◽  
Optical Motion ◽  
Measurement Units ◽  
Optical Motion Capture

Healthy adults and neurological patients show unique mobility patterns over the course of their lifespan and disease. Quantifying these mobility patterns could support diagnosing, tracking disease progression and measuring response to treatment. This quantification can be done with wearable technology, such as inertial measurement units (IMUs). Before IMUs can be used to quantify mobility, algorithms need to be developed and validated with age and disease-specific datasets. This study proposes a protocol for a dataset that can be used to develop and validate IMU-based mobility algorithms for healthy adults (18–60 years), healthy older adults (>60 years), and patients with Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, a symptomatic stroke and chronic low back pain. All participants will be measured simultaneously with IMUs and a 3D optical motion capture system while performing standardized mobility tasks and non-standardized activities of daily living. Specific clinical scales and questionnaires will be collected. This study aims at building the largest dataset for the development and validation of IMU-based mobility algorithms for healthy adults and neurological patients. It is anticipated to provide this dataset for further research use and collaboration, with the ultimate goal to bring IMU-based mobility algorithms as quickly as possible into clinical trials and clinical routine.

Important role of muscle carnosine in rowing performance

2010 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 1096-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Baguet ◽  
Jan Bourgois ◽  
Lander Vanhee ◽  
Eric Achten ◽  
Wim Derave
Keyword(s):  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Anaerobic Exercise ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Muscle Carnosine ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Rowing Performance ◽  
Elite Rowers ◽  
And Performance

The role of the presence of carnosine (β-alanyl-l-histidine) in millimolar concentrations in human skeletal muscle is poorly understood. Chronic oral β-alanine supplementation is shown to elevate muscle carnosine content and improve anaerobic exercise performance during some laboratory tests, mainly in the untrained. It remains to be determined whether carnosine loading can improve single competition-like events in elite athletes. The aims of the present study were to investigate if performance is related to the muscle carnosine content and if β-alanine supplementation improves performance in highly trained rowers. Eighteen Belgian elite rowers were supplemented for 7 wk with either placebo or β-alanine (5 g/day). Before and following supplementation, muscle carnosine content in soleus and gastrocnemius medialis was measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and the performance was evaluated in a 2,000-m ergometer test. At baseline, there was a strong positive correlation between 100-, 500-, 2,000-, and 6,000-m speed and muscle carnosine content. After β-alanine supplementation, the carnosine content increased by 45.3% in soleus and 28.2% in gastrocnemius. Following supplementation, the β-alanine group was 4.3 s faster than the placebo group, whereas before supplementation they were 0.3 s slower ( P = 0.07). Muscle carnosine elevation was positively correlated to 2,000-m performance enhancement ( P = 0.042 and r = 0.498). It can be concluded that the positive correlation between baseline muscle carnosine levels and rowing performance and the positive correlation between changes in muscle carnosine and performance improvement suggest that muscle carnosine is a new determinant of rowing performance.

scholarly journals Lower Back Injury Prevention and Sensitization of Hip Hinge with Neutral Spine Using Wearable Sensors during Lifting Exercises

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5487
Author(s):  
Florian Michaud ◽  
Manuel Pérez Soto ◽  
Urbano Lugrís ◽  
Javier Cuadrado
Keyword(s):  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Herniated Disc ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
Big Box ◽  
Optical Motion ◽  
Measurement Units ◽  
Optical Motion Capture ◽  
Lower Back Injury

The popularization and industrialization of fitness over the past decade, with the rise of big box gyms and group classes, has reduced the quality of the basic formation and assessment of practitioners, which has increased the risk of injury. For most lifting exercises, a universal recommendation is maintaining a neutral spine position. Otherwise, there is a risk of muscle injury or, even worse, of a herniated disc. Maintaining the spine in a neutral position during lifting exercises is difficult, as it requires good core stability, a good hip hinge and, above all, observation of the posture in order to keep it correct. For this reason, in this work the authors propose the prevention of lumbar injuries with two inertial measurement units. The relative rotation between two sensors was measured for 39 voluntary subjects during the performance of two lifting exercises: the American kettlebell swing and the deadlift. The accuracy of the measurements was evaluated, especially in the presence of metals and for fast movements, by comparing the obtained results with those from an optical motion capture system. Finally, in order to develop a tool for improving sport performance and preventing injury, the authors analyzed the recorded motions, seeking to identify the most relevant parameters for good and safe lifting execution.

scholarly journals Optimization of IMU Sensor Placement for the Measurement of Lower Limb Joint Kinematics

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5993
Author(s):  
Wesley Niswander ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Kimberly Kontson
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Sensor Placement ◽  
Joint Kinematics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Sensor Position ◽  
Optical Motion ◽  
Measurement Units ◽  
Optical Motion Capture

There is an increased interest in using wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs) in clinical contexts for the diagnosis and rehabilitation of gait pathologies. Despite this interest, there is a lack of research regarding optimal sensor placement when measuring joint kinematics and few studies which examine functionally relevant motions other than straight level walking. The goal of this clinical measurement research study was to investigate how the location of IMU sensors on the lower body impact the accuracy of IMU-based hip, knee, and ankle angular kinematics. IMUs were placed on 11 different locations on the body to measure lower limb joint angles in seven participants performing the timed-up-and-go (TUG) test. Angles were determined using different combinations of IMUs and the TUG was segmented into different functional movements. Mean bias and root mean square error values were computed using generalized estimating equations comparing IMU-derived angles to a reference optical motion capture system. Bias and RMSE values vary with the sensor position. This effect is partially dependent on the functional movement analyzed and the joint angle measured. However, certain combinations of sensors produce lower bias and RMSE more often than others. The data presented here can inform clinicians and researchers of placement of IMUs on the body that will produce lower error when measuring joint kinematics for multiple functionally relevant motions. Optimization of IMU-based kinematic measurements is important because of increased interest in the use of IMUs to inform diagnose and rehabilitation in clinical settings and at home.

scholarly journals Validation of Thigh Angle Estimation Using Inertial Measurement Unit Data against Optical Motion Capture Systems

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nimsiri Abhayasinghe ◽  
Iain Murray ◽  
Shiva Sharif Bidabadi
Keyword(s):  
Motion Capture ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Orientation Estimation ◽  
Inertial Measurement ◽  
Optical Motion ◽  
Measurement Units ◽  
Optical Motion Capture

Inertial measurement units are commonly used to estimate the orientation of sections of sections of human body in inertial navigation systems. Most of the algorithms used for orientation estimation are computationally expensive and it is difficult to implement them in real-time embedded systems with restricted capabilities. This paper discusses a computationally inexpensive orientation estimation algorithm (Gyro Integration-Based Orientation Filter—GIOF) that is used to estimate the forward and backward swing angle of the thigh (thigh angle) for a vision impaired navigation aid. The algorithm fuses the accelerometer and gyroscope readings to derive the single dimension orientation in such a way that the orientation is corrected using the accelerometer reading when it reads gravity only or otherwise integrate the gyro reading to estimate the orientation. This strategy was used to reduce the drift caused by the gyro integration. The thigh angle estimated by GIOF was compared against the Vicon Optical Motion Capture System and reported a mean correlation of 99.58% for 374 walking trials with a standard deviation of 0.34%. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the thigh angle estimated by GIOF compared with Vicon measurement was 1.8477°. The computation time on an 8-bit microcontroller running at 8 MHz for GIOF is about a half of that of Complementary Filter implementation. Although GIOF was only implemented and tested for estimating pitch of the IMU, it can be easily extended into 2D to estimate both pitch and roll.

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