Embedded Corrosion Sensing with ZnO-PVDF Sensor Textiles

Corrosion in underground and submerged steel pipes is a global problem. Coatings serve as an impermeable barrier or a sacrificial element to the transport of corrosive fluids. When this barrier fails, corrosion in the metal initiates. There is a critical need for sensors at the metal/coating interface as an early alert system. Current options utilize metal sensors, leading to accelerating corrosion. In this paper, a non-conductive sensor textile as a viable solution was investigated. For this purpose, non-woven Zinc (II) Oxide-Polyvinylidene Fluoride (ZnO-PVDF) nanocomposite fiber textiles were prepared in a range of weight fractions (1%, 3%, and 5% ZnO) and placed at the coating/steel interface. The properties of ZnO-PVDF nanocomposite meshes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and d33 meter. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) testing was performed during the immersion of the coated samples to validate the effectiveness of the sensor textile. The results offer a new option for sub-surface corrosion sensing using low cost, easily fabricated sensor textiles.

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Low-Cost Reliable Corrosion Sensors Using ZnO-PVDF Nanocomposite Textiles

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21124147 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (12) ◽

pp. 4147

Author(s):

Tonoy Chowdhury ◽

Nandika D’Souza ◽

Narendra Dahotre

Keyword(s):

Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Low Cost ◽

Corrosion Performance ◽

Steel Pipes ◽

Flexible Sensor ◽

Nanocomposite Fiber ◽

Corrosion Sensor ◽

Corrosion Barrier ◽

Sensor Accuracy

Submerged steel pipes are susceptible to corrosion due to long exposure under harsh corrosive conditions. Here, we investigated the reliability and effectiveness of nonwoven zinc(II) oxide-polyvinylidene fluoride (ZnO-PVDF) nanocomposite fiber textiles as an embedded corrosion sensor. An accelerated thermal cyclic method paired to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used for this purpose. Sensor accuracy and reliability were determined using the textile and instrument as reference electrodes. The results showed that the coating and the sensor improved the corrosion resistance when ZnO was added to the sensor textile and introduced into the coating. As the coating’s glass transition was approached, the corrosion performance of the coating degraded and the sensor accuracy decreased. The results suggested that the flexible sensor is reliable at both monitoring the corrosion and acting as a corrosion barrier.

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Corrosion protection performance of titania nanoparticles filled poly(4-methyl-5-vinylthiazole) applied on mild steel in 3.5% sodium chloride solution

Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting ◽

10.1177/8756087920939301 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 875608792093930 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I Pugazhenthi ◽

S Mohammed Ghouse

Keyword(s):

Mild Steel ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Low Cost ◽

Nano Particles ◽

Titania Nanoparticles ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Corrosive Media ◽

X Ray ◽

Polymer Hybrid ◽

Transmission Electron

Mild steel materials have wide applications in marine construction, because they are low cost, available and easy to handle. However, they have to be protected from corrosive media by coating with polymer hybrid materials. This paper focuses on the anticorrosive properties of poly(4-methyl-5-vinylthiazole) PVTZ coatings on mild steel. Further the coating resistance is enhanced by incorporating Titania Nano particles (TiO2NPs). The nanoparticles were evaluated using X-ray diffraction studies (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). PVTZ and its TiO2 nanocomposite were coated on mild steel. Their anticorrosive behavior was analyzed by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in 3.5% (w/v) NaCl.

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MXene/Ag2CrO4 Nanocomposite as Supercapacitors Electrode

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14206008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (20) ◽

pp. 6008

Author(s):

Tahira Yaqoob ◽

Malika Rani ◽

Arshad Mahmood ◽

Rubia Shafique ◽

Safia Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Low Cost ◽

Sol Gel ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Energy Storage Devices ◽

X Ray ◽

Storage Devices ◽

Bonding Structure ◽

Electron Transfer Rate Constant ◽

Co Precipitation

MXene/Ag2CrO4 nanocomposite was synthesized effectively by means of superficial low-cost co-precipitation technique in order to inspect its capacitive storage potential for supercapacitors. MXene was etched from MAX powder and Ag2CrO4 spinel was synthesized by an easy sol-gel scheme. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) revealed an addition in inter-planar spacing from 4.7 Å to 6.2 Å while Ag2CrO4 nanoparticles diffused in form of clusters over MXene layers that had been explored by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX) demonstrated the elemental analysis. Raman spectroscopy opens the gap between bonding structure of as-synthesized nanocomposite. From photoluminence (PL) spectra the energy band gap value 3.86 eV was estimated. Electrode properties were characterized by applying electrochemical observations such as cyclic voltammetry along with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for understanding redox mechanism and electron transfer rate constant Kapp. Additionally, this novel work will be an assessment to analyze the capacitive behavior of electrode in different electrolytes such as in acidic of 0.1 M H2SO4 has specific capacitance Csp = 525 F/g at 10 mVs−1 and much low value in basic of 1 M KOH electrolyte. This paper reflects the novel synthesis and applications of MXene/Ag2CrO4 nanocomposite electrode fabrication in energy storage devices such as supercapacitors.

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rGO Sheets / ZnFe2O4 Nanocomposities as an Efficient Electro Catalyst Material for I3- / I- Reaction for High Performance DSSCs

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1083138/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anto feradrick Samson V ◽

Bharathi Bernadsha S ◽

Albin John P Paul Winston ◽

Divya D ◽

James Abraham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Low Cost ◽

Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Tafel Polarization ◽

Highly Active ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Reduced Graphene ◽

Sensitized Solar Cells

Abstract In this paper, Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) / ZnFe2O4 (rZnF) nanocomposite is synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method and employed as a counter electrode (CE) material for tri-iodide redox reactions in Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) to replace the traditional high cost platinum (Pt) CE. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and High resolution Transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), clearly indicated the formation of rZnF nanocomposite and also amorphous rGO sheets were smoothly distributed on the surface of ZnFe2O4 (ZnF) nanostructure. The rZnF-50 CE shows excellent electro catalytic activity toward I3− reduction, which has simultaneously been confirmed by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Tafel polarization measurements. A DSSC developed by rZnF-50 CE (η = 8.71%) obtained quite higher than the Pt (η = 8.53%) based CE under the same condition. The superior performances of rZnF-50 CE due to addition of graphene in to Spinel (ZnF) nanostructure results in creation of highly active electrochemical sites, fast electron transport linkage between CE and electrolyte. Thus it’s a promising low cost CE material for DSSCs.

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Tourmaline Nanoparticles Doped Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Nanofibers

Materials Science ◽

10.5755/j01.ms.26.3.22335 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 255-259

Author(s):

Derman VATANSEVER BAYRAMOL ◽

Ahmet Ozgur AGIRGAN ◽

Aylin YILDIZ

Keyword(s):

Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Peak Voltage ◽

Nano Composite ◽

Fiber Production ◽

X Ray ◽

Nanocomposite Fiber ◽

Nanocomposite Fibers ◽

Voltage Generation ◽

Control Samples

The aim of this work is to produce tourmaline (TM) doped polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nano-composite fibers. TM-containing PVDF nanofibers were produced via a horizontally located electrospinning unit. N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and acetone were used as solvents. The amount of PVDF or PVDF/TM in the polymer solution was 20 wt.%. PVDF was dissolved in DMF in presence of heat by using a magnetic stirrer while TM powder was dispersed in Acetone in absence of heat by using an ultrasonic stirrer. These two solutions were then mixed for TM/PVDF nanocomposite fiber production. Pristine PVDF nanofibers were also electrospun as control samples. Produced nano-surfaces were analyzed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Voltage generation capacities were investigated by recording the voltage outputs of samples under an applied rotational impact. The peak voltage produced by the TM doped PVDF nanocomposite fibers was higher than the PVDF nanofibers.

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Effect of Carbon Nanotube Loading on Electrical Properties of Electrospun Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Fiber

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/2080/1/012015 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2080 (1) ◽

pp. 012015

Author(s):

Jia Wei Lee ◽

S.B Sharifah Shahnaz ◽

A.Z Nur Hidayah ◽

S. Yahud ◽

Noorasikin Samat

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Carbon Nanotube ◽

Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽

Low Cost ◽

Peak Shift ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Surface Areas ◽

Β Phase ◽

Graphite Sheets

Abstract Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a high purity thermoplastic fluropolymer that use in the aircraft, electronics, and chemical industry. Carbon nanotube (CNTs) is made up of rolled up of graphite sheets, exhibits excellent chemical, thermal, mechanical properties, and large surface areas. PVDF fibers blended with CNTs were able to enhance the β-phase which contributes to piezoelectric properties. Electrospinning is the simplest and low-cost method to produce PVDF/CNT fibers by dissolving PVDF in solvent N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF). 15wt% PVDF solution was used. CNT loading were varied at 0.0wt%, 0.35wt%, 0.80wt% and 1.00wt% with parameters of 20kV, tip-to-collector distance (TCD) 15cm and flow rate 1.0mLh-1. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), four-point probe and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) were used to determine the morphology and crystallinity of electrospun PVDF/CNT fibers. The SEM analysis concluded all fibers showed beaded structure due to low concentration of PVDF solution with insufficient ultrasonification and stirring, cause electrospraying and agglomeration. XRD and four-point probe analysis concluded PVDF/0.35wt%CNT showed the highest β-phase content with intense XRD peak and highest electrical conductivity. However, shift peak is observed among all fibres due to short electrospinning time leads to insufficient thickness of electrospun mat, which affects the mechanical properties of fibres and causes peak shift.

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On the Properties of an Ion Conductive System Incorporated in Hybrid Films

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-628-cc6.19 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 628 ◽

Author(s):

G. González ◽

P. J. Retuert ◽

S. Fuentes

Keyword(s):

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Ternary Phase Diagram ◽

Lithium Perchlorate ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Ionic Conductors ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Poly Ethylene Oxide ◽

Ion Conducting ◽

Poly Ethylene ◽

High Degree

ABSTRACTBlending the biopolymer chitosan (CHI) with poly (aminopropilsiloxane) oligomers (pAPS), and poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) in the presence of lithium perchlorate lead to ion conducting products whose conductivity depends on the composition of the mixture. A ternary phase diagram for mixtures containing 0.2 M LiClO4 shows a zone in which the physical properties of the products - transparent, flexible, mechanically robust films - indicate a high degree of molecular compatibilization of the components. Comparison of these films with binary CHI-pAPS nanocomposites as well as the microscopic aspect, thermal behavior, and X-ray diffraction pattern of the product with the composition PEO/CHI/pAPS/LiClO4 1:0.5:0.6:0.2 molar ratio indicates that these films may be described as a layered nanocomposite. In this composite, lithium species coordinated by PEO and pAPS should be inserted into chitosan layers. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements indicate the films are pure ionic conductors with a maximal bulk conductivity of 1.7*10-5 Scm-1 at 40 °C and a sample-electrode interface capacitance of about 1.2*10-9 F.

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Effect of Zn Content on Structure, Roughness and Corrosion Behavior of Zn-Ni Alloys

Scientific Bulletin of Valahia University - Materials and Mechanics ◽

10.2478/bsmm-2019-0013 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (17) ◽

pp. 17-22

Author(s):

Hayette Faid

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Behavior ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Stripping Voltammetry ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Ni Alloys ◽

Sulfate Bath ◽

Zn Content ◽

Polarization Test ◽

Δ Phase

AbstractIn this work, Zn-Ni alloys have been deposited on steel from sulfate bath, by electrodeposition method. The effect of Zn content on deposits properties was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoaperometry (CA), linear stripping voltammetry (ALSV) and diffraction (XRD) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The corrosion behavior in 3.5 wt. NaCl solution was examined using anodic polarization test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction of show that Zn-Ni alloys structure is composed of δ phase and γ phase, which increase with the decrease of Zn content in deposits. Results show that deposits obtained from bath less Zn2+ concentration exhibited better corrosion resistance.

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Improvement of Ti/RuO2–IrO2 Anode Lifetime and Electrocatalytical Properties by Using an Eco-Friendly Thermal Decomposition Method Using Polyvinyl Alcohol as Solvent

10.26434/chemrxiv.7991129 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Charlys Bezerra ◽

Géssica Santos ◽

Marilia Pupo ◽

Maria Gomes ◽

Ronaldo Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Decomposition ◽

Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Pechini Method ◽

Low Cost ◽

Charge Transfer Resistance ◽

Transfer Resistance ◽

Calcination Temperatures ◽

Service Lifetime

Electrochemical oxidation processes are promising solutions for wastewater treatment due to their high efficiency, easy control and versatility. Mixed metal oxides (MMO) anodes are particularly attractive due to their low cost and specific catalytic properties. Here, we propose an innovative thermal decomposition methodology using <a>polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)</a> as a solvent to prepare Ti/RuO2–IrO2 anodes. Comparative anodes were prepared by conventional method employing a polymeric precursor solvent (Pechini method). The calcination temperatures studied were 300, 400 and 500 °C. The physical characterisation of all materials was performed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy, while electrochemical characterisation was done by cyclic voltammetry, accelerated service lifetime and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Both RuO2 and IrO2 have rutile-type structures for all anodes. Rougher and more compact surfaces are formed for the anodes prepared using PVA. Amongst temperatures studied, 300 °C using PVA as solvent is the most suitable one to produce anodes with expressive increase in voltammetric charge (250%) and accelerated service lifetime (4.3 times longer) besides reducing charge-transfer resistance (8 times lower). Moreover, the electrocatalytic activity of the anodes synthesised with PVA toward the Reactive Blue 21 dye removal in chloride medium (100 % in 30 min) is higher than that prepared by Pechini method (60 min). Additionally, the removal total organic carbon point out improved mineralisation potential of PVA anodes. Finally, this study reports a novel methodology using PVA as solvent to synthesise Ti/RuO2–IrO2 anodes with improved properties that can be further extended to synthesise other MMO compositions.

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Characterizations of Synthetic 8mol% YSZ with Comparison to 3mol %YSZ for HT-SOFC

Engineering and Technology Journal ◽

10.30684/etj.v38i4a.351 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (4A) ◽

pp. 491-500

Author(s):

Abeer F. Al-Attar ◽

Saad B. H. Farid ◽

Fadhil A. Hashim

Keyword(s):

Ionic Conductivity ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Structural Information ◽

Impedance Analysis ◽

High Energy ◽

Yttria Stabilized Zirconia ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Stabilized Zirconia ◽

Powder Morphology ◽

X Ray

In this work, Yttria (Y2O3) was successfully doped into tetragonal 3mol% yttria stabilized Zirconia (3YSZ) by high energy-mechanical milling to synthesize 8mol% yttria stabilized Zirconia (8YSZ) used as an electrolyte for high temperature solid oxide fuel cells (HT-SOFC). This work aims to evaluate the densification and ionic conductivity of the sintered electrolytes at 1650°C. The bulk density was measured according to ASTM C373-17. The powder morphology and the microstructure of the sintered electrolytes were analyzed via Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The chemical analysis was obtained with Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Also, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to obtain structural information of the starting materials and the sintered electrolytes. The ionic conductivity was obtained through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in the air as a function of temperatures at a frequency range of 100(mHz)-100(kHz). It is found that the 3YSZ has a higher density than the 8YSZ. The impedance analysis showed that the ionic conductivity of the prepared 8YSZ at 800°C is0.906 (S.cm) and it was 0.214(S.cm) of the 3YSZ. Besides, 8YSZ has a lower activation energy 0.774(eV) than that of the 3YSZ 0.901(eV). Thus, the prepared 8YSZ can be nominated as an electrolyte for the HT-SOFC.

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