scholarly journals Multibeam Characteristics of a Negative Refractive Index Shaped Lens

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 5703
Author(s):  
Salbiah Ab Hamid ◽  
Nurul Huda Abd Rahman ◽  
Yoshihide Yamada ◽  
Phan Van Hung ◽  
Dinh Nguyen Quoc
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Negative Refractive Index ◽  
Beam Width ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Mobile Base Station ◽  
Mobile Base

Narrow beam width, higher gain and multibeam characteristics are demanded in 5G technology. Array antennas that are utilized in the existing mobile base stations have many drawbacks when operating at upper 5G frequency bands. For example, due to the high frequency operation, the antenna elements become smaller and thus, in order to provide higher gain, more antenna elements and arrays are required, which will cause the feeding network design to be more complex. The lens antenna is one of the potential candidates to replace the current structure in mobile base station. Therefore, a negative refractive index shaped lens is proposed to provide high gain and narrow beamwidth using energy conservation and Abbe’s sine principle. The aim of this study is to investigate the multibeam characteristics of a negative refractive index shaped lens in mobile base station applications. In this paper, the feed positions for the multibeam are selected on the circle from the center of the lens and the accuracy of the feed position is validated through Electromagnetic (EM) simulation. Based on the analysis performed in this study, a negative refractive index shaped lens with a smaller radius and slender lens than the conventional lens is designed, with the additional capability of performing wide-angle beam scanning.

scholarly journals Negative Refractive Index Shaped Lens for Mobile Base Station

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (APR2021) ◽  
pp. 94-98
Author(s):  
Salbiah Ab Hamid ◽  
Nurul Huda Abdul Rahman ◽  
Yoshihide Yamada ◽  
Idnin Pasya Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Negative Refractive Index ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Mobile Base Station ◽  
Mobile Base

scholarly journals Evaluación de niveles de exposición electromagnética causados por las estaciones base de Telefonía Móvil Celular [Assessment for electromagnetic exposure level caused by cellular mobile transmitting antennas in base station]

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walder de Jesús Canova García
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Field Exposure ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
Mobile Base Station ◽  
Cellular Mobile ◽  
Mobile Base

Resumen El creciente número de estaciones base de telefonía móvil celular alrededor de sectores residenciales o tránsito de personas, causa preocupación en la comunidad sobre si la radiación de campos electromagnéticos puedan causar riesgos en la salud. Internacionalmente existen estándares que establecen límites a las diversas fuentes de campos electromagnéticos para garantizar que se minimizan los riesgos en la salud. Cada país adopta dentro de su legislación algún estándar o recomendación y exige su cumplimiento a los operadores de estaciones de telecomunicaciones, por ejemplo en Colombia rige el decreto 195 de 2005. El artículo presenta una evaluación, basados en mediciones técnicas en el 2010, para obtener los niveles de exposición a campos electromagnéticos generados por las antenas instaladas en las estaciones base de telefonía móvil. Luego aparece el procedimiento general de mediciones, donde incluye el plan ejecutorial de mediciones, la configuración de la instrumentación y la caracterización de los lugares y puntos de medición. Por último, los resultados medidos en algunos lugares, donde las antenas de transmisión cumplían con la normativa adoptada en Colombia. Palabras Clave: Exposición a campos Electromagnéticos, Estaciones base de Telefonía móvil celular, Mediciones de banda angosta.   Abstract The growth of installations of transmitting antennas on base stations surrounding residential spaces or person traffic causes concerns in the community, about whether the radiation of electromagnetic fields of transmitting antennas in mobile base station can generate health risk. Over the world, there are standards that establish maximum levels permitted to different electromagnetic field sources to accomplish security ranges for health risks. Each country adopts in their legislation some international standard and requires to telecommunication operators stations for its compliance. In Colombian, the decree 195 of 2005 is still valid. This article shows an assessment, based on technical measurements developed in 2010, to acquire the electromagnetic field exposure levels generated by transmitting antennas installed on Mobile Base Station. This assessment includes the measurement system procedure: plan of measurement, instrumental configuration, and characterization of measurement places. Finally, here presents the measured results in some places, which exposure levels satisfied the adopted legislation in Colombia. Keywords: Electromagnetic Field Exposure, Mobile Base Stations, Narrowband Measurement.

scholarly journals High gain 5G MIMO antenna for mobile base station

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusnita Rahayu ◽  
Indah Permata Sari ◽  
Dara Incam Ramadhan ◽  
Razali Ngah
Keyword(s):  
Linear Array ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Impedance Bandwidth ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Mimo Antenna ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
Mobile Base Station ◽  
Mobile Base

This article presented a millimeter wave antenna which operated at 38 GHz for 5G mobile base station. The MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) antenna consisted of 1x10 linear array configurations. The proposed antenna’s size was 88 x 98 mm^2  and printed on 1.575 mm-thick Rogers Duroid 5880 subsrate with dielectric constant of ε_r= 2.2 and loss tangent (tanδ) of 0.0009. The antenna array covered along the azimuth plane to provide the coverage to the users in omnidirection. The simulated results showed that the single element antenna had the reflection coefficient (S11) of -59 dB, less than -10 dB in the frequency range of 35.5 - 39.6 GHz. More than 4.1 GHz of impedance bandwidth was obtained. The gain of the antenna linear array was 17.8 dBi while the suppression of the side lobes was -2.7 dB.  It showed a high array gain throughout the impedance bandwidth with overall of VSWR were below 1.0646. It designed using CST microwave studio.

Design of low profile co-axial fed high gain stacked patch antenna for Wi-Fi/WLAN/Wi-Max applications

Frequenz ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gnanasivam Pachaiyappan ◽  
Parthasarathy Ramanujam
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Layer ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Radiation Efficiency ◽  
Impedance Bandwidth ◽  
Simple Design ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Parasitic Patch ◽  
Mobile Base Station ◽  
Mobile Base

AbstractIn this article, a simple design of stacked radiating system with enhanced gain, impedance bandwidth, and radiation efficiency for mobile base station application is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a driven patch with a semicircular parasitic patch printed on the bottom layer and five parasitic patches printed on the top layer. The driven patch is feed by a co-axial probe and both the layers are separated in air. The second layer has four truncated circular parasitic patches on one side and one circular patch on the other side to enhance the directive gain acts as a directive reflector. This staked system encompasses some prominent features such as wide bandwidth, good gain, low profile, better radiation efficiency simple design, and integration for the mobile base station. Meanwhile, this configuration exhibits a bandwidth of 2 GHz with the minimized volume is 0.75 λ0 × 0.75 λ0 × 0.08 λ0. Experimentally validated results have an average and peak gain of 10.7 and 12.7 dBi, impedance bandwidth of more than 30.7% for |S11| < −10 dB, and radiation efficiency of above 86%. The proposed stacked radiating system finds its applications in Wi-Fi, WLAN, Wi-Max, Indoor UWB, and Marine Radar applications.

Penggunaan Mobile Base Station South Tipe Galaxy G1 untuk Percepatan Pengukuran Bidang Tanah

Tunas Agraria ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-243
Author(s):  
Raden Dani Fauzan ◽  
Tanjung Nugroho ◽  
Muhammad Arif Suhattanto
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Total Station ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Mobile Base Station ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mobile Base

Abstract: The problem of the cadastral measurement utilize the Continuosly Operating Reference Stations/Jaringan Referensi Satelit Pertanahan (CORS/JRSP) is the uneven distribution of the base stations that are installed in several land offices which causes The Rover needs to take a long time to achieve The Fixed Solution. The use of Mobile base station can be used as a solution to the prob-lem because by using Mobile base station the base station can be installed at the measurement lo-cation. The objectives of this research are (1) to tested the accuraccy of the difference aspect of co-ordinate and the land area, (2) to tested the efficiency of cadastral measurement times using Mo-bile Base Station South Type Galaxy G1. The research method used is comparative experiment with quantitative approach. The selected samples are 30 plots of agricultural land in 1 (one) block, and Total Station as the comparison data. The data were analyzed by using fT test with signifi-cance level (?) 5%. The results showed no significant differences between the coordinates of the land area measurement using Mobile Base Station South Type Galaxy G1 and the measurement using Total Station. The land area of the measurement results has met tolerance based on PMNA / KBPN number 3 of 1997. Compared with Total Station, the cadastral measurement using Mobile Base Station is more efficient in terms of times needed.Keywords: the measurement of land, mobile base station, south galaxy G1Intisari: Permasalahan yang muncul pada pengukuran bidang tanah dengan memanfaatkan Jarin-gan Referensi Satelit Pertanahan (JRSP) adalah tidak meratanya persebaran base station yang dipasang di beberapa kantor pertanahan yang menyebabkan baseline yang terbentuk akan se-makin panjang dan rover memerlukan waktu lama mencapai solusi fixed. Penggunaan Mobile base station merupakan solusi masalah tersebut karena dengan menggunakan Mobile base station maka base station dapat dipasang pada lokasi pengukuran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ketelitian dari aspek perbedaan koordinat, perbedaan luas bidang tanah dan mengetahui efisiensi waktu pengukuran bidang tanah menggunakan mobile base station Receiver GNSS South Galaxy G1. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah perbandingan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sampel yang dipilih adalah 30 bidang tanah pertanian yang berbatasan dan pengukuran dengan Total Station sebagai data pembanding. Analisis data adalah uji t dengan taraf signifikansi (?) 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukan tidak ada perbedaan koordinat yang signifikan hasil pengukuran mobile base station dengan pengukuran Total Station. Luas bidang tanah hasil pengukuran memenuhi toleransi berdasarkan PMNA/KBPN Nomor 3 Tahun 1997. Pengukuran menggunakan mobile base station lebih efisien dari segi waktu yang dibutuhkan.Kata Kunci: pengukuran bidang tanah, mobile base station, south galaxy G1

Pemanfaatan Mobile Base Station South Tipe Galaxy G1 untuk Pengukuran Titik Batas Bidang Tanah

Tunas Agraria ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-160
Author(s):  
Irpan Muhamad Ilham Kosasih ◽  
Bambang Suyudi ◽  
Eko Budi Wahyono
Keyword(s):  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Comparative Experiment ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Galaxy Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Mobile Base Station ◽  
Mobile Base

Abstract: Implementation of land measurement using CORS / JRSP has constraints, namely the limited availability of base stations, resulting in unreachable areas. Rapid technological developments enable base stations are brought directly in the mesaurement location. The technology is called mobile base station. The purpose of this study is to 1) test whether there is a significant difference between the coordinates of the land Parcels boundary point using Mobile Base station South Type Galaxy G1 to CORS / JRSP and Static (Post Processing) coordinate values, 2) test the accuracy of the measurement results using Mobile Base station South Type Galaxy G1 against CORS / JRSP and Static (Post Processing).The research method that has been used is experiment with comparative experiment with quantitative approach. The sample is divided into 2 categories that is in therange of 5-10 Km and 10-15 Km from base station of Land Office of Sleman Regency. Data were analyzed using t test at significance level (?) 5%.Based on the analysis performed, it is known 1) At 5% significance level there are no significant difference between the coordinate values that are resulted by using Mobile Base Station South type Galaxy G1 using CORS / JRSP and using Static (Post Processing) in range 5-10 Km and 10-15 Km from Base station. but the coordinate value that are resulted by using Mobile Base Station South type Galaxy G1 using CORS / JRSP are not fulfilling the tolerance according to PMNA / KBPN Number 3 Year 1997. 2) The accuracy of coordinates value using Mobile Base station South Galaxy type G1 are smaller than with CORS / JRSP but greater than Static (Post Processing) based on horizontal accuracy parameter (HRMS). Keywords: CORS/JRSP, Mobile Base station, SOUTH Galaxy G1 Intisari: Pada pelaksanaan pengukuran bidang tanah menggunakan CORS/JRSP terdapat hambatan yaitu terbatasnya ketersediaan base station, mengakibatkan adanya wilayah yang tidak terjangkau. Kemajuan teknologi yang pesat memungkinkan base station dapat dibawa langsung di lapangan. Teknologi tersebut dinamakan mobile base station. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk 1) menguji apakah terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara koordinat hasil pengukuran titik batas bidang tanah menggunakan Mobile Base station South Tipe Galaxy G1 terhadap nilai koordinat CORS/JRSP dan Statik (Post Processing), 2) menguji ketelitian hasil pengukuran menggunakan Mobile Base station South Tipe Galaxy G1 terhadap CORS/JRSP dan Statik (Post Processing). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah percobaan dengan perbandingan (comparative experiment) dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sampel terbagi dalam 2 kategori yaitu pada jangkauan 5-10 Km dan 10-15 Km dari base station Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Sleman. Analisis data dilakukan dengan Uji t pada taraf signifikansi (?) 5%. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan, maka diketahui 1) Perbedaan nilai koordinat Mobile Base station South tipe Galaxy G1 terhadap nilai koordinat CORS/JRSP dan Statik (Post Processing) pada jangkauan 5-10 Km dan 10-15 Km dari Base station Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Sleman berdasarkan hasil uji t dengan taraf signifikansi 5% tidak berbeda signifikan akan tetapi tidak memenuhi toleransi sesuai dengan PMNA/KBPN Nomor 3 Tahun 1997, 2) Ketelitian hasil pengukuran berdasarkan parameter ketelitian horizontal (HRMS) didapatkan hasil yaitu ketelitian Mobile Base station South tipe Galaxy G1 lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan CORS/JRSP akan tetapi lebih besar dibandingkan dengan Statik (Post Processing). Kata Kunci: CORS/JRSP, Mobile Base station, SOUTH Galaxy G1

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document