scholarly journals Magnetic Microwires with Unique Combination of Magnetic Properties Suitable for Various Magnetic Sensor Applications

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 7203
Author(s):  
Paula Corte-Leon ◽  
Valentina Zhukova ◽  
Alexandr Chizhik ◽  
Juan Maria Blanco ◽  
Mihail Ipatov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Helical Structure ◽  
Soft Magnetic Materials ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Magnetic Microwires ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Gmi Effect ◽  
Surface Magnetization

There is a pressing demand to improve the performance of cost-effective soft magnetic materials for use in high performance sensors and devices. Giant Magneto-impedance effect (GMI), or fast single domain wall (DW) propagation can be observed in properly processed magnetic microwires. In this paper we have identified the routes to obtain microwires with unique combination of magnetic properties allowing observation of fast and single DW propagation and GMI effect in the same microwire. By modifying the annealing conditions, we have found the appropriate regimes allowing achievement of the highest GMI ratio and the fastest DW dynamics. The observed experimental results are discussed considering the radial distribution of magnetic anisotropy and the correlation of GMI effect, and DW dynamics with bulk and surface magnetization processes. Studies of both Fe- and Co-rich microwires, using the magneto-optical Kerr effect, MOKE, provide information on the magnetic structure in the outer shell of microwires. We have demonstrated the existence of the spiral helical structure in both studied microwires. At the same time, torsion mechanical stresses induce helical bistability in the same microwires, which allow us to consider these microwires as materials suitable for sensors based on the large Barkhausen jump.

Development of Stress and Temperature Sensitive Microwires for the Sensor Applications and Tuneable Composite Materials

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 180-186
Author(s):  
Arkadi Zhukov ◽  
V. Zhukova ◽  
J. Gonzalez ◽  
Larissa V. Panina ◽  
J.M. Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hysteresis Loops ◽  
Transverse Magnetic ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Gmi Effect ◽  
Annealing Conditions ◽  
Selection Of

We report on tailoring magnetic properties and giant magneto-impedance GMI in glasscoated microwires fabricated by the Taylor-Ulitovsky method, by means of selection of their alloy composition and/or annealing conditions. Fe-rich microwires subjected to stress annealing show the hysteresis loops of inclined form due to induced transverse magnetic anisotropy, and hence become suitable for GMI. The transverse anisotropy depends on the annealing conditions: temperature, duration and stress. The application of external stress further drastically changes the shape of the hysteresis loops and the GMI spectra. The wires with compositions Co-Fe-Ni-Si-B and Co-Fe-Cr- Si-B are demonstrated to have a low Curie temperature (below 90oC) and pronounced temperaturedependent magnetic properties and GMI effect. Both families of developed microwires are foreseen for applications in high performance stress and temperature sensors as well as in tuneable sensory composite materials. Such composites contain short pieces of microwires embedded into a dielectric matrix and contribute to the effective ac permittivity. The latter depends on the wire magnetic properties through the GMI effect and can be tailored to produce a microwave response sensitive to environment: magnetic field, stress and temperature.

High-performance, cost-effective permanent nanomagnet: Microstructural and magnetic properties of Fe-substituted SmCo nanofiber

2019 ◽  
Vol 471 ◽  
pp. 273-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimin Lee ◽  
Tae-Yeon Hwang ◽  
Min Kyu Kang ◽  
Gyutae Lee ◽  
Hong-Baek Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cost Effective

scholarly journals Development of Magnetic Microwires for Magnetic Sensor Applications

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (21) ◽  
pp. 4767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Zhukova ◽  
Paula Corte-Leon ◽  
Mihail Ipatov ◽  
Juan Maria Blanco ◽  
Lorena Gonzalez-Legarreta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Hysteresis Loops ◽  
Magnetic Sensor ◽  
Internal Stresses ◽  
Soft Magnetic ◽  
Magnetoelastic Anisotropy ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Gmi Effect ◽  
Magnetic Softness ◽  
Magnetic Wires

Thin magnetic wires can present excellent soft magnetic properties (with coercivities up to 4 A/m), Giant Magneto-impedance effect, GMI, or rectangular hysteresis loops combined with quite fast domain wall, DW, propagation. In this paper we overview the magnetic properties of thin magnetic wires and post-processing allowing optimization of their magnetic properties for magnetic sensor applications. We concluded that the GMI effect, magnetic softness or DW dynamics of microwires can be tailored by controlling the magnetoelastic anisotropy of as-prepared microwires or controlling their internal stresses and domain structure by appropriate thermal treatment.

scholarly journals Development of Magnetically Soft Amorphous Microwires for Technological Applications

Chemosensors ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Valentina Zhukova ◽  
Paula Corte-Leon ◽  
Juan Maria Blanco ◽  
Mihail Ipatov ◽  
Lorena Gonzalez-Legarreta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Joule Heating ◽  
Hysteresis Loops ◽  
Soft Magnetic Properties ◽  
Soft Magnetic ◽  
Magnetic Microwires ◽  
Gmi Effect ◽  
Magnetic Softness ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Amorphous Microwires

Amorphous magnetic microwires can be suitable for a variety of technological applications due to their excellent magnetic softness and giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) effect. Several approaches for optimization of soft magnetic properties and GMI effect of magnetic microwires covered with an insulating, flexible, and biocompatible glass coating with tunable magnetic properties are overviewed. The high GMI effect and soft magnetic properties, achieved even in as-prepared Co-rich microwires with a vanishing magnetostriction coefficient, can be further improved by appropriate heat treatment (including stress-annealing and Joule heating). Although as-prepared Fe-rich amorphous microwires exhibit low GMI ratio and rectangular hysteresis loops, stress-annealing, Joule heating, and combined stress-annealed followed by conventional furnace annealing can substantially improve the GMI effect (by more than an order of magnitude).

scholarly journals Magnetoimpedance Effect in the Ribbon-Based Patterned Soft Ferromagnetic Meander-Shaped Elements for Sensor Application

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 2468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Yang ◽  
Anna A. Chlenova ◽  
Elizaveta V. Golubeva ◽  
Stanislav O. Volchkov ◽  
Pengfei Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Chemical Etching ◽  
Amorphous Ribbon ◽  
Soft Magnetic Materials ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Soft Magnetic ◽  
Large Drop ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Soft Ferromagnetic ◽  
Total Impedance

Amorphous and nanocrystalline soft magnetic materials have attracted much attention in the area of sensor applications. In this work, the magnetoimpedance (MI) effect of patterned soft ferromagnetic meander-shaped sensor elements has been investigated. They were fabricated starting from the cobalt-based amorphous ribbon using the lithography technique and chemical etching. Three-turn (S1: spacing s = 50 μm, width w = 300 μm, length l = 5 mm; S2: spacing s = 50 μm, width w = 400 μm, length l = 5 mm) and six-turn (S3: s = 40 μm, w = 250 μm, length l = 5 mm; S4: s = 40 μm, w = 250 μm and l = 8 mm) meanders were designed. The ‘n’ shaped meander part was denominated as “one turn”. The S4 meander possesses a maximum MI ratio calculated for the total impedance ΔZ/Z ≈ 250% with a sensitivity of about 36%/Oe (for the frequency of about 45 MHz), and an MI ratio calculated for the real part of the total impedance ΔR/R ≈ 250% with the sensitivity of about 32%/Oe (for the frequency of 50 MHz). Chemical etching and the length of the samples had a strong impact on the surface magnetic properties and the magnetoimpedance. A comparative analysis of the surface magnetic properties obtained by the magneto-optical Kerr technique and MI data shows that the designed ferromagnetic meander-shaped sensor elements can be recommended for high frequency sensor applications focused on the large drop analysis. Here we understand a single large drop as the water-based sample to analyze, placed onto the surface of the MI sensor element either by microsyringe (volue range 0.5–500 μL) or automatic dispenser (volume range 0.1–50 mL).

scholarly journals Magnetoimpedance Response and Field Sensitivity in Stress-Annealed Co-Based Microwires for Sensor Applications

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 3227
Author(s):  
David González-Alonso ◽  
Lorena González-Legarreta ◽  
Paula Corte-León ◽  
Valentina Zhukova ◽  
Mihail Ipatov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Dependence ◽  
Applied Stress ◽  
Soft Magnetic Materials ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Soft Magnetic ◽  
Giant Magnetoimpedance ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Gmi Effect ◽  
Field Sensitivity

Amorphous soft magnetic microwires have attracted much attention in the area of sensor applications due to their excellent properties. In this work, we study the influence of annealing treatments (stress and conventional) in the giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) response and the field sensitivity of the soft magnetic Co69.2Fe3.6Ni1B12.5Si11Mo1.5C1.2 glass-coated microwires. Here we report a remarkable and simultaneous enhancement of GMI effect and field sensitivity. The highest sensitivity of 104%/Oe and the GMI response of 234% were achieved for 300 °C stress-annealed samples at 472 and 236 MPa, respectively. Additionally, we found that stress-annealed microwires exhibit a frequency dependence on maximal GMI response and field sensitivity. These findings are obtained by fine-tuning their magnetoeslastic anisotropies through stress-annealing treatments of as-prepared microwires at the proper temperature and axial applied stress upon annealing. We hope that the results presented here widen the scope of investigations for the future design of soft magnetic materials for sensor purposes.

Mineral/microfibrillated cellulose composite materials: High performance products, applications, and product forms

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (09) ◽  
pp. 507-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Skuse ◽  
Mark Windebank ◽  
Tafadzwa Motsi ◽  
Guillaume Tellier
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Wet Strength ◽  
Product Forms ◽  
Cellulose Composite

When pulp and minerals are co-processed in aqueous suspension, the mineral acts as a grinding aid, facilitating the cost-effective production of fibrils. Furthermore, this processing allows the utilization of robust industrial milling equipment. There are 40000 dry metric tons of mineral/microfbrillated (MFC) cellulose composite production capacity in operation across three continents. These mineral/MFC products have been cleared by the FDA for use as a dry and wet strength agent in coated and uncoated food contact paper and paperboard applications. We have previously reported that use of these mineral/MFC composite materials in fiber-based applications allows generally improved wet and dry mechanical properties with concomitant opportunities for cost savings, property improvements, or grade developments and that the materials can be prepared using a range of fibers and minerals. Here, we: (1) report the development of new products that offer improved performance, (2) compare the performance of these new materials with that of a range of other nanocellulosic material types, (3) illustrate the performance of these new materials in reinforcement (paper and board) and viscosification applications, and (4) discuss product form requirements for different applications.

Parallel Computing for Tire Simulations

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Surendranath ◽  
M. Dunbar
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Parallel Solvers ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Highly Nonlinear

Abstract Over the last few decades, finite element analysis has become an integral part of the overall tire design process. Engineers need to perform a number of different simulations to evaluate new designs and study the effect of proposed design changes. However, tires pose formidable simulation challenges due to the presence of highly nonlinear rubber compounds, embedded reinforcements, complex tread geometries, rolling contact, and large deformations. Accurate simulation requires careful consideration of these factors, resulting in the extensive turnaround time, often times prolonging the design cycle. Therefore, it is extremely critical to explore means to reduce the turnaround time while producing reliable results. Compute clusters have recently become a cost effective means to perform high performance computing (HPC). Distributed memory parallel solvers designed to take advantage of compute clusters have become increasingly popular. In this paper, we examine the use of HPC for various tire simulations and demonstrate how it can significantly reduce simulation turnaround time. Abaqus/Standard is used for routine tire simulations like footprint and steady state rolling. Abaqus/Explicit is used for transient rolling and hydroplaning simulations. The run times and scaling data corresponding to models of various sizes and complexity are presented.

Azo (Hydrazone) pigments: general principles

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Christie
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Metal Salt ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
General Chemical ◽  
Physical Form

Abstract This paper presents an overview of the general chemical principles underlying the structures, synthesis and technical performance of azo pigments, the dominant chemical class of industrial organic pigments in the yellow, orange, and red shade areas, both numerically and in terms of tonnage manufactured. A description of the most significant historical features in this group of pigments is provided, starting from the discovery of the chemistry on which azo colorants are based by Griess in the mid-nineteenth century, through the commercial introduction of the most important classical azo pigments in the early twentieth century, including products known as the Hansa Yellows, β-naphthol reds, including metal salt pigments, and the diarylide yellows and oranges, to the development in the 1950s and 1960s of two classes of azo pigments that exhibit high performance, disazo condensation pigments and benzimidazolone-based azo pigments. A feature that complicates the description of the chemical structures of azo pigments is that they exist in the solid state as the ketohydrazone rather than the hydroxyazo form, in which they have been traditionally been illustrated. Numerous structural studies conducted over the years on an extensive range of azo pigments have demonstrated this feature. In this text, they are referred to throughout as azo (hydrazone) pigments. Since a common synthetic procedure is used in the manufacture of virtually all azo (hydrazone) pigments, this is discussed in some detail, including practical aspects. The procedure brings together two organic components as the fundamental starting materials, a diazo component and a coupling component. An important reason for the dominance of azo (hydrazone) pigments is that they are highly cost-effective. The syntheses generally involve low cost, commodity organic starting materials and are carried out in water as the reaction solvent, which offers obvious economic and environmental advantages. The versatility of the approach means that an immense number of products may be prepared, so that they have been adapted structurally to meet the requirements of many applications. On an industrial scale, the processes are straightforward, making use of simple, multi-purpose chemical plant. Azo pigments may be produced in virtually quantitative yields and the processes are carried out at or below ambient temperatures, thus presenting low energy requirements. Finally, provided that careful control of the reaction conditions is maintained, azo pigments may be prepared directly by an aqueous precipitation process that can optimise physical form, with control of particle size distribution, crystalline structure, and surface character. The applications of azo pigments are outlined, with more detail reserved for subsequent papers on individual products.

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