scholarly journals Man Down Situation Detection Using an in-Ear Inertial Platform

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1730
Author(s):  
Alex Guilbeault-Sauvé ◽  
Bruno De Kelper ◽  
Jérémie Voix
Keyword(s):  
Body Movement ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
Orientation Data ◽  
Critical States ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Detection Strategy ◽  
Life Threatening

Man down situations (MDS) are a health or life threatening situations occurring largely in high-risk industrial workplaces. MDS automatic detection is crucial for workers safety especially in isolated working conditions where workers could be unable to call for help on their own, either due to loss of consciousness or an incapacitating injury. These solution must be reliable, robust, easy to use, but also have a low false-alarm rate, short response time and good ergonomics. This project aims to improve this technology by providing a global MDS definition according to a combination of three observable critical states based on characterization of body movement and orientation data from inertial measurements (accelerometer and gyroscope): the worker falls (F), worker immobility (I), the worker is down on the ground (D). The MDS detection strategy was established based on the detection of at least two distinct states, such as F-I, F-D or I-D, over a certain period of time. This strategy was tested using a large public database, revealing a significant reduction of the false alarms rate to 1.1%, reaching up to 99% accuracy. The proposed detection strategy was also incorporated into a digital earpiece, designed to address hearing protection issues, and validated according to an in vivo test procedure based on simulations of industrial workers normal activities and critical states.

Defibrotide Inhibits Platelet Activation by Cathepsin G Released From Stimulated Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (06) ◽  
pp. 660-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virgilio Evangelista ◽  
Paola Piccardoni ◽  
Giovanni de Gaetano ◽  
Chiara Cerletti
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Cathepsin G ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Test Models ◽  
Antithrombotic Effects

SummaryDefibrotide is a polydeoxyribonucleotide with antithrombotic effects in experimental animal models. Most of the actions of this drug have been observed in in vivo test models but no effects have been reported in in vitro systems. In this paper we demonstrate that defibrotide interferes with polymorphonuclear leukocyte-induced human platelet activation in vitro. This effect was not related to any direct interaction with polymorphonuclear leukocytes or platelets, but was due to the inhibition of cathepsin G, the main biochemical mediator of this cell-cell cooperation. Since cathepsin G not only induces platelet activation but also affects some endothelial cell functions, the anticathepsin G activity of defibrotide could help to explain the antithrombotic effect of this drug.

In Silico Identification of a Potent Arsenic Based Approved Drug Darinaparsin against SARS-CoV-2: Inhibitor of RNA Dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and Essential Proteases

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trinath Chowdhury ◽  
Gourisankar Roymahapatra ◽  
Santi M. Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase ◽  
Replication Complex ◽  
In Silico Study ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
In Vivo Analysis ◽  
3Cl Protease

Background: COVID-19 is a life threatening novel corona viral infection to our civilization and spreading rapidly. Terrific efforts are generous by the researchers to search for a drug to control SARS-CoV-2. Methods: Here, a series of arsenical derivatives were optimized and analyzed with in silico study to search the inhibitor of RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), the major replication factor of SARS-CoV-2. All the optimized derivatives were blindly docked with RdRp of SARS-CoV-2 using iGEMDOCK v2.1. Results: Based on the lower idock score in the catalytic pocket of RdRp, darinaparsin (-82.52 kcal/mol) revealed most effective among them. Darinaparsin strongly binds with both Nsp9 replicase protein (-8.77 kcal/mol) and Nsp15 endoribonuclease (-8.3 kcal/mol) of SARS-CoV-2 as confirmed from the AutoDock analysis. During infection, the ssRNA of SARS-CoV2 is translated into large polyproteins forming viral replication complex by specific proteases like 3CL protease and papain protease. This is also another target to control the virus infection where darinaparsin also perform the inhibitory role to proteases of 3CL protease (-7.69 kcal/mol) and papain protease (-8.43 kcal/mol). Conclusion: In host cell, the furin protease serves as a gateway to the viral entry and darinaparsin docked with furin protease which revealed a strong binding affinity. Thus, screening of potential arsenic drugs would help in providing the fast invitro to in-vivo analysis towards development of therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2.

Comparative Evaluation of In Vitro and In Vivo Assays for the Detection of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus as a Contaminant of Live Poultry Vaccines

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-634
Author(s):  
Emiliana Falcone ◽  
Edoardo Vignolo ◽  
Livia Di Trani ◽  
Simona Puzelli ◽  
Maria Tollis
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Animal Testing ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis

A reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay specific for identifying avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in poultry vaccines, and the serological response to IBV induced by the inoculation of chicks with a Newcastle disease vaccine spiked with the Massachusetts strain of IBV, were compared for their ability to detect IBV as a contaminant of avian vaccines. The sensitivity of the IBV-RT-PCR assay provided results which were at least equivalent to the biological effect produced by the inoculation of chicks, allowing this assay to be considered a valid alternative to animal testing in the quality control of avian immunologicals. This procedure can easily be adapted to detect a number of contaminants for which the in vivo test still represents the only available method of detection.

scholarly journals Wafer-Scale Fabrication and Assembly Method of Multichannel Microelectrode Arrays for ECoG Application

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
Cong Wang ◽  
Yu-Chen Wei ◽  
Ho-Kun Sung ◽  
Alok Kumar ◽  
Zhong-Liang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Microelectrode Arrays ◽  
Absence Seizure ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
Wafer Scale ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Assembly Method ◽  
Signal Recording

High density electrocorticography (ECoG)-based microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are fabricated to timely record the neural activities to provide the fundamental understanding in neuroscience and biomedical engineering. This paper aims to introduce a device-based concept and wafer-scale fabrication process for MEAs. Flexible and biocompatible polyimide is applied on MEAs to bear all possible stress and strain. Detailed fabrication key techniques, including surface treatment, polyimide stability measurement, evaporation process, and curing conditions, have been discussed thoroughly. Moreover, the fabricated polyimide-based MEAs are surface-mounted on well-packaged printed circuit boards (PCBs) via a slot-type connector without any additional wire bonding to make the signal recording process easier. An absence seizure was recorded during the in vivo test, which shows the availability of signal recording based on the presented MEAs. The proposed MEAs could be remained at the skull, while the connector and PCBs can be disassembled apart. Therefore, the testing sample will get less suffering. To verify the robustness of the fabricated MEAs, the impedance properties were characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The measured results indicate an average impedance of 12.3 ± 0.675 kΩ at 1 kHz. In total, 10 groups of MEAs were sample tested, and over 90% of the total 60 channels per 1-MEAs operated efficiently.

scholarly journals Fibrosis after Myocardial Infarction: An Overview on Cellular Processes, Molecular Pathways, Clinical Evaluation and Prognostic Value

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Renato Francesco Maria Scalise ◽  
Rosalba De Sarro ◽  
Alessandro Caracciolo ◽  
Rita Lauro ◽  
Francesco Squadrito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Ventricular Dysfunction ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Molecular Signaling ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Molecular Signaling Pathways ◽  
Fibrotic Scar ◽  
Life Threatening

The ischemic injury caused by myocardial infarction activates a complex healing process wherein a powerful inflammatory response and a reparative phase follow and balance each other. An intricate network of mediators finely orchestrate a large variety of cellular subtypes throughout molecular signaling pathways that determine the intensity and duration of each phase. At the end of this process, the necrotic tissue is replaced with a fibrotic scar whose quality strictly depends on the delicate balance resulting from the interaction between multiple actors involved in fibrogenesis. An inflammatory or reparative dysregulation, both in term of excess and deficiency, may cause ventricular dysfunction and life-threatening arrhythmias that heavily affect clinical outcome. This review discusses cellular process and molecular signaling pathways that determine fibrosis and the imaging technique that can characterize the clinical impact of this process in-vivo.

scholarly journals Defect structures of sodium and chloride co-substituted hydroxyapatite and its osseointegration capacity

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 5493-5508
Author(s):  
Dong Su Yoo ◽  
Jung Sang Cho ◽  
Yong-Chae Chung ◽  
Sang-Hoon Rhee
Keyword(s):  
Binding Energies ◽  
Dissolution Behavior ◽  
Total System ◽  
Carbonate Apatite ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Co Substitution ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
Low Crystalline ◽  
Charged Point

AbstractA defect structure and osseointegration capacity of sodium and chloride co-substituted hydroxyapatite (NaClAp) were newly studied. The NaClAp was prepared by reacting H3PO4 and Ca(OH)2 with NaNO3 and NH4Cl followed by sintering; pure hydroxyapatite (HAp) was synthesized as a control. After sintering, the co-substitution of Ca and OH with Na and Cl, respectively, produced charged point defects at Ca and PO4 sites. Also, OH molecules partially adopted a head-on structure. The calculated total system energy of NaClAp was higher, whereas the binding energies between each constituent elements and system were lower than those of HAp. These results suggest that NaClAp was less stable than HAp, due to the formation of various defects by co-substitution of Na and Cl. Indeed, NaClAp exhibited higher dissolution behavior in simulated body fluid (SBF) compared with HAp. Accordingly, this increased the capability to produce low crystalline hydroxyl carbonate apatite, likely due to the increasing degree of apatite supersaturation in SBF. Besides, the NaClAp granules showed noticeable improvements in osseointegration capacity four weeks after in vivo test compared with HAp. Collectively, these results imply that the defects made by multiple ion substitutions are useful to increase osseointegration capacity of hydroxyapatite.

Protein Phosphatase 2A Activation via ApoER2 in Trophoblasts Drives Preeclampsia in a Mouse Model of the Antiphospholipid Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Chu ◽  
Anastasia Sacharidou ◽  
An Nguyen ◽  
Chun Li ◽  
Ken L Chambliss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiphospholipid Syndrome ◽  
Protein Phosphatase ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Hypertensive Disorder ◽  
Fetal Demise ◽  
Maternal Hypertension ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Phosphatase 2A ◽  
And Migration

Rationale: Preeclampsia (PE) is a potentially life-threatening, placenta-based hypertensive disorder during pregnancy, and the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) frequently leads to PE. APS pregnancies are also complicated by fetal demise and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Objective: Here we determined how the circulating antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) characteristic of APS alter placental trophoblast function to cause PE and also endanger the fetus. Methods and Results: Experiments were performed in mice, in cultured human trophoblasts, and in human placenta samples. Effects of aPL and IgG from healthy subjects were compared. Based on prior findings in culture, in vivo studies were done in mice deficient in apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2) in trophoblasts. Endpoints in tissues and cells were determined by enzymatic assay, Q-PCR, ELISA or immunoblotting. Whereas in wild-type mice aPL caused maternal hypertension and proteinuria, fetal demise and IUGR, mice lacking trophoblast ApoER2 were protected. In culture aPL attenuated trophoblast proliferation and migration via an ApoER2-related protein complex comprised of the protein phosphatase PP2A, Dab2, and JIP4. Via trophoblast ApoER2 in mice and in culture, aPL stimulated PP2A activity, leading to MMP14 and HIF1alpha upregulation and increased soluble endoglin (sEng) production. HIF1alpha and sEng upregulation was related to PP2A desphosphorylation of PHD2. In mice PP2A inhibition prevented aPL-induced maternal hypertension and proteinuria, and fetal demise and IUGR. Placentas from APS patients displayed PP2A hyperactivation, PHD2 dephosphorylation and HIF1α upregulation, and these findings were generalizable to placentas of women with PE from causes other from APS. Conclusions: In APS pregnancies trophoblasts are the critical cell target of aPL, and via ApoER2-dependent PP2A activation, aPL cause PE through MMP14 upregulation and PHD2 dephosphorylation leading to HIF1 and sEng upregulation. Moreover, parallel processes may be operative in PE in non-APS patients. Interventions targeting PP2A may provide novel means to combat APS-related PE and PE unrelated to APS.

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