Research Progress of Small Molecule Fluorescent Probes for Detecting Hypochlorite

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) generates from the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and chloride ions via myeloperoxidase (MPO)-mediated in vivo. As very important reactive oxygen species (ROS), hypochlorous acid (HOCl)/hypochlorite (OCl−) play a crucial role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. However, excessive or misplaced production of HOCl/OCl− can cause variety of tissue damage and human diseases. Therefore, rapid, sensitive, and selective detection of OCl− is very important. In recent years, the fluorescent probe method for detecting hypochlorous acid has been developed rapidly due to its simple operation, low toxicity, high sensitivity, and high selectivity. In this review, the progress of recently discovered fluorescent probes for the detection of hypochlorous acid was summarized with the aim to provide useful information for further design of better fluorescent probes.

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Biological nanoscale fluorescent probes: From structure and performance to bioimaging

Reviews in Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.1515/revac-2020-0119 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 209-221

Author(s):

Jiafeng Wan ◽

Xiaoyuan Zhang ◽

Kai Zhang ◽

Zhiqiang Su

Keyword(s):

Fluorescent Probes ◽

Organic Dyes ◽

Resonance Energy Transfer ◽

Resonance Energy ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Biological Imaging ◽

Fluorescent Materials ◽

And Performance

Abstract In recent years, nanomaterials have attracted lots of attention from researchers due to their unique properties. Nanometer fluorescent materials, such as organic dyes, semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), metal nano-clusters (MNCs), carbon dots (CDs), etc., are widely used in biological imaging due to their high sensitivity, short response time, and excellent accuracy. Nanometer fluorescent probes can not only perform in vitro imaging of organisms but also achieve in vivo imaging. This provides medical staff with great convenience in cancer treatment. Combined with contemporary medical methods, faster and more effective treatment of cancer is achievable. This article explains the response mechanism of three-nanometer fluorescent probes: the principle of induced electron transfer (PET), the principle of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and the principle of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), showing the semiconductor QDs, precious MNCs, and CDs. The excellent performance of the three kinds of nano fluorescent materials in biological imaging is highlighted, and the application of these three kinds of nano fluorescent probes in targeted biological imaging is also introduced. Nanometer fluorescent materials will show their significance in the field of biomedicine.

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A fast response fluorescence probe specific for hypochlorous acid detection and its applications in bioimaging

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry ◽

10.1039/c8ob00036k ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (12) ◽

pp. 2074-2082 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Hongmin Jia ◽

Shuhe Xia ◽

Huan Feng ◽

Qingtao Meng ◽

Chengchen Duan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hypochlorous Acid ◽

Fluorescence Probe ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Fast Response ◽

Rapid Response

The features ofDNPH-NA, including its high sensitivity, selectivity, and reliability at physiological pH, together with a rapid response, enable its successful application in the detection of endogenous HOClin vitroandin vivo.

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In Vivo Imaging of Ca2+, pH, and Reactive Oxygen Species Using Fluorescent Probes in Plants

Annual Review of Plant Biology ◽

10.1146/annurev-arplant-042110-103832 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 273-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 109

Author(s):

Sarah J. Swanson ◽

Won-Gyu Choi ◽

Alexandra Chanoca ◽

Simon Gilroy

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Fluorescent Probes ◽

In Vivo Imaging ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Oxygen Species

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Highly efficient approach for hypochlorous acid sensing in water samples and living cells based on acylhydrazone Schiff base functionalized fluorescent probes

New Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1039/c7nj01383c ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (20) ◽

pp. 12250-12258 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Zheng Yang ◽

Yuanlong He ◽

Xiangrong Liu ◽

Shunsheng Zhao ◽

Zaiwen Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Schiff Base ◽

Fluorescent Probes ◽

Water Samples ◽

High Selectivity ◽

Hypochlorous Acid ◽

Living Cells ◽

Efficient Approach ◽

Highly Efficient

Five HClO probes were present with high selectivity and sensitivity. The properties and mechanism were investigated both experimentally and theoretically.

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Myeloperoxidase-catalyzed oxidative inactivation of human kininogens: the impairment of kinin-precursor and prekallikrein-binding functions

Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1515/bc.2011.021 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 392 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andrzej Kozik ◽

Anna Golda ◽

Pawel Mak ◽

Piotr Suder ◽

Jerzy Silberring ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hypochlorous Acid ◽

Methionine Sulfoxide ◽

Peptide Bond ◽

Chloride Ions ◽

Protein Chemistry ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Chloride System ◽

Inflammatory Reactions ◽

Oxidative Inactivation ◽

Vasoactive Peptides

Abstract Bradykinin-related vasoactive peptides (kinins) are important mediators of local and systemic inflammatory reactions. However, at local inflammatory foci, the production of kinins from proteinaceous precursors (kininogens) can be affected by reactive oxygen species released by phagocyte cells. One of the predominant oxidants at these places is hypochlorous acid which is formed from hydrogen peroxide and chloride ions by neutrophil myeloperoxidase. In this study, inactivation of human kininogens after oxidation with the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-chloride system was observed and analyzed by protein chemistry methods. The kinin release from oxidized kininogens by major kinin-producing enzymes, plasma and tissue kallikreins, proceed with a very low rate. This effect was assigned to apparent inability of kallikreins to process the kinin N-terminus owing to the conversion of the adjacent Met-361 residue to methionine sulfoxide. Additionally, the oxidized high-molecular mass kininogen lost its natural ability to bind plasma prekallikrein. This effect was assigned to the oxidation of Trp-569 residue within the prekallikrein-binding region which is subsequently destructed owing to cleavage of the peptide bond after that residue. One possible pathophysiological consequence of the described effects on kininogens could be the impairment of the normal assembly and triggering of the kinin-forming system on defense cell surfaces.

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Mitochondria-targeted colorimetric and fluorescent probes for hypochlorite and their applications for in vivo imaging

Chemical Communications ◽

10.1039/c4cc02673j ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 50 (63) ◽

pp. 8640-8643 ◽

Cited By ~ 128

Author(s):

Ji-Ting Hou ◽

Ming-Yu Wu ◽

Kun Li ◽

Jin Yang ◽

Kang-Kang Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Response Time ◽

Fluorescent Probes ◽

In Vivo Imaging ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Rapid Response ◽

Excellent Selectivity

Two probes that exhibited high sensitivity and excellent selectivity toward ClO−among ROS with a rapid response time were presented, which could selectively detect ClO−in the mitochondria of the cells.

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Fluorescence imaging of hypochlorous acid and peroxynitrite in vitro and in vivo with emission wavelength beyond 750 nm

Chemical Communications ◽

10.1039/d0cc02322a ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (56) ◽

pp. 7718-7721 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Linfang Wang ◽

Jing Liu ◽

Shengwei Zhao ◽

Hongxing Zhang ◽

Yuanqiang Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fluorescence Imaging ◽

Fluorescent Probes ◽

Hypochlorous Acid ◽

Emission Wavelength

Hydro-Si-oxazines were exploited as NIR fluorescent probes to monitor HClO/ONOO− produced by phagocytes in inflammation-related diseases.

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The Research Progress of Fluorescent Probes for Detection of Selenols

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.861.315 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 861 ◽

pp. 315-319

Author(s):

Yan Gao ◽

Li Han ◽

Jing Jing Liu ◽

Xing Gao ◽

Wen He

Keyword(s):

Cancer Research ◽

Fluorescent Probes ◽

Biological Imaging ◽

Research Progress ◽

Disease Treatment ◽

Hydrogen Selenide

Selenols (R-SeH) are similar to thiols , both of them are important reducing substance. Selenocysteine (Sec) and hydrogen selenide (H2Se) are two important selenols. They play a key role in cancer research and disease treatment. Recently, fluorescent probes and nanoprobes for detecting selenols have been developed rapidly because that fluorescent methods can be applied for biological imaging of cells or in vivo. Therefore, it is very important to the detect selenols. In this paper, we summarized the fluorescent probes for detecting the selenols in recent years.

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Fluorescent Probes for Selective Recognition of Hypobromous Acid: Achievements and Future Perspectives

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26020363 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 363

Author(s):

Yuyu Fang ◽

Wim Dehaen

Keyword(s):

Fluorescent Probes ◽

Hypochlorous Acid ◽

Dynamic Balance ◽

Molecular Structures ◽

Selective Recognition ◽

Redox States ◽

Detection Systems ◽

Hypobromous Acid ◽

Temporal And Spatial

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in numerous pathological processes and their homeostasis facilitates the dynamic balance of intracellular redox states. Among ROS, hypobromous acid (HOBr) has a high similarity to hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in both chemical and physical properties, whereas it has received relatively little attention. Meanwhile, selective recognition of endogenous HOBr suffers great challenges due to the fact that the concentration of this molecule is much lower than that of HOCl. Fluorescence-based detection systems have emerged as very important tools to monitor biomolecules in living cells and organisms owing to distinct advantages, particularly the temporal and spatial sampling for in vivo imaging applications. To date, the development of HOBr-specific fluorescent probes is still proceeding quite slowly, and the research related to this area has not been systematically summarized. In this review, we are the first to review the progress made so far in fluorescent probes for selective recognition and detection of HOBr. The molecular structures, sensing mechanisms, and their successful applications of these probes as bioimaging agents are discussed here in detail. Importantly, we hope this review will call for more attention to this rising field, and that this could stimulate new future achievements.

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