Fluorescent Probes for Selective Recognition of Hypobromous Acid: Achievements and Future Perspectives

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in numerous pathological processes and their homeostasis facilitates the dynamic balance of intracellular redox states. Among ROS, hypobromous acid (HOBr) has a high similarity to hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in both chemical and physical properties, whereas it has received relatively little attention. Meanwhile, selective recognition of endogenous HOBr suffers great challenges due to the fact that the concentration of this molecule is much lower than that of HOCl. Fluorescence-based detection systems have emerged as very important tools to monitor biomolecules in living cells and organisms owing to distinct advantages, particularly the temporal and spatial sampling for in vivo imaging applications. To date, the development of HOBr-specific fluorescent probes is still proceeding quite slowly, and the research related to this area has not been systematically summarized. In this review, we are the first to review the progress made so far in fluorescent probes for selective recognition and detection of HOBr. The molecular structures, sensing mechanisms, and their successful applications of these probes as bioimaging agents are discussed here in detail. Importantly, we hope this review will call for more attention to this rising field, and that this could stimulate new future achievements.

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Fluorescence imaging of hypochlorous acid and peroxynitrite in vitro and in vivo with emission wavelength beyond 750 nm

Chemical Communications ◽

10.1039/d0cc02322a ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (56) ◽

pp. 7718-7721 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Linfang Wang ◽

Jing Liu ◽

Shengwei Zhao ◽

Hongxing Zhang ◽

Yuanqiang Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fluorescence Imaging ◽

Fluorescent Probes ◽

Hypochlorous Acid ◽

Emission Wavelength

Hydro-Si-oxazines were exploited as NIR fluorescent probes to monitor HClO/ONOO− produced by phagocytes in inflammation-related diseases.

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Research Progress of Small Molecule Fluorescent Probes for Detecting Hypochlorite

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21196326 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (19) ◽

pp. 6326

Author(s):

Zhi-Guo Song ◽

Qing Yuan ◽

Pengcheng Lv ◽

Kun Chen

Keyword(s):

Fluorescent Probes ◽

High Selectivity ◽

Hypochlorous Acid ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Chloride Ions ◽

Research Progress ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Low Toxicity ◽

Fluorescent Probe Method

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) generates from the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and chloride ions via myeloperoxidase (MPO)-mediated in vivo. As very important reactive oxygen species (ROS), hypochlorous acid (HOCl)/hypochlorite (OCl−) play a crucial role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. However, excessive or misplaced production of HOCl/OCl− can cause variety of tissue damage and human diseases. Therefore, rapid, sensitive, and selective detection of OCl− is very important. In recent years, the fluorescent probe method for detecting hypochlorous acid has been developed rapidly due to its simple operation, low toxicity, high sensitivity, and high selectivity. In this review, the progress of recently discovered fluorescent probes for the detection of hypochlorous acid was summarized with the aim to provide useful information for further design of better fluorescent probes.

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Toxicity of Heparinoids, with Special Reference to the Precipitation of Fibrinogen

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1655587 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 12 (01) ◽

pp. 232-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S Sasaki ◽

T Takemoto ◽

S Oka

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Dextran Sulfate ◽

Anticoagulant Activity ◽

Molecular Structures ◽

Severe Reaction ◽

Clinical Use ◽

Molecular Weights ◽

Close Relationship

SummaryTo demonstrate whether the intravascular precipitation of fibrinogen is responsible for the toxicity of heparinoid, the relation between the toxicity of heparinoid in vivo and the precipitation of fibrinogen in vitro was investigated, using dextran sulfate of various molecular weights and various heparinoids.1. There are close relationships between the molecular weight of dextran sulfate, its toxicity, and the quantity of fibrinogen precipitated.2. The close relationship between the toxicity and the precipitation of fibrinogen found for dextran sulfate holds good for other heparinoids regardless of their molecular structures.3. Histological findings suggest strongly that the pathological changes produced with dextran sulfate are caused primarily by the intravascular precipitates with occlusion of the capillaries.From these facts, it is concluded that the precipitates of fibrinogen with heparinoid may be the cause or at least the major cause of the toxicity of heparinoid.4. The most suitable molecular weight of dextran sulfate for clinical use was found to be 5,300 ~ 6,700, from the maximum value of the product (LD50 · Anticoagulant activity). This product (LD50 · Anticoagulant activity) can be employed generally to assess the comparative merits of various heparinoids.5. Clinical use of the dextran sulfate prepared on this basis gave satisfactory results. No severe reaction was observed. However, two delayed reactions, alopecia and thrombocytopenia, were observed. These two reactions seem to come from the cause other than intravascular precipitation.

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In vivo interactome profiling by enzyme‐catalyzed proximity labeling

Cell & Bioscience ◽

10.1186/s13578-021-00542-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yangfan Xu ◽

Xianqun Fan ◽

Yang Hu

Keyword(s):

State Of The Art ◽

Catalytic Efficiency ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Protein Protein Interaction ◽

Current State ◽

Protein Interactome ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Protein Protein Interaction Networks ◽

Temporal And Spatial

AbstractEnzyme-catalyzed proximity labeling (PL) combined with mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as a revolutionary approach to reveal the protein-protein interaction networks, dissect complex biological processes, and characterize the subcellular proteome in a more physiological setting than before. The enzymatic tags are being upgraded to improve temporal and spatial resolution and obtain faster catalytic dynamics and higher catalytic efficiency. In vivo application of PL integrated with other state of the art techniques has recently been adapted in live animals and plants, allowing questions to be addressed that were previously inaccessible. It is timely to summarize the current state of PL-dependent interactome studies and their potential applications. We will focus on in vivo uses of newer versions of PL and highlight critical considerations for successful in vivo PL experiments that will provide novel insights into the protein interactome in the context of human diseases.

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Polarity-active NIR probes with strong two-photon absorption and ultrahigh binding affinity of insulin amyloid fibrils

Chemical Science ◽

10.1039/d0sc03907a ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Li Li ◽

Zheng Lv ◽

Zhongwei Man ◽

Zhenzhen Xu ◽

YuLing Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽

Binding Affinity ◽

Fluorescent Probes ◽

Amyloid Fibrils ◽

Photon Absorption ◽

Two Photon Absorption ◽

Two Photon ◽

Medical Diagnostic

Amyloid fibrils are associated with many neurodegenerative diseases. In-situ and in-vivo visualization of amyloid fibrils is important for medical diagnostic and requires fluorescent probes with both excitation and emission wavelengths in...

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Insulin amyloid polymorphs: implications for iatrogenic cytotoxicity

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/d0ra07742a ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (62) ◽

pp. 37721-37727 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Keisuke Yuzu ◽

Mikael Lindgren ◽

Sofie Nyström ◽

Jun Zhang ◽

Wakako Mori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fluorescent Probes ◽

Structural Polymorphism

Structural polymorphism of insulin amyloids in vivo can be recognized using novel amyloid specific fluorescent probes, pFTAA and BTD21.

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Biological nanoscale fluorescent probes: From structure and performance to bioimaging

Reviews in Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.1515/revac-2020-0119 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 209-221

Author(s):

Jiafeng Wan ◽

Xiaoyuan Zhang ◽

Kai Zhang ◽

Zhiqiang Su

Keyword(s):

Fluorescent Probes ◽

Organic Dyes ◽

Resonance Energy Transfer ◽

Resonance Energy ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Biological Imaging ◽

Fluorescent Materials ◽

And Performance

Abstract In recent years, nanomaterials have attracted lots of attention from researchers due to their unique properties. Nanometer fluorescent materials, such as organic dyes, semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), metal nano-clusters (MNCs), carbon dots (CDs), etc., are widely used in biological imaging due to their high sensitivity, short response time, and excellent accuracy. Nanometer fluorescent probes can not only perform in vitro imaging of organisms but also achieve in vivo imaging. This provides medical staff with great convenience in cancer treatment. Combined with contemporary medical methods, faster and more effective treatment of cancer is achievable. This article explains the response mechanism of three-nanometer fluorescent probes: the principle of induced electron transfer (PET), the principle of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and the principle of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), showing the semiconductor QDs, precious MNCs, and CDs. The excellent performance of the three kinds of nano fluorescent materials in biological imaging is highlighted, and the application of these three kinds of nano fluorescent probes in targeted biological imaging is also introduced. Nanometer fluorescent materials will show their significance in the field of biomedicine.

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An Update on Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle Applications in Nanomedicine

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13071067 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 1067

Author(s):

Elham Rastegari ◽

Yu-Jer Hsiao ◽

Wei-Yi Lai ◽

Yun-Hsien Lai ◽

Tien-Chun Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mesoporous Silica ◽

Targeted Delivery ◽

Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles ◽

Silica Nanoparticle ◽

Molecular Structures ◽

Cancer Therapies ◽

Safe Delivery ◽

Therapeutic Drugs ◽

Therapeutic Benefits

The efficient and safe delivery of therapeutic drugs, proteins, and nucleic acids are essential for meaningful therapeutic benefits. The field of nanomedicine shows promising implications in the development of therapeutics by delivering diagnostic and therapeutic compounds. Nanomedicine development has led to significant advances in the design and engineering of nanocarrier systems with supra-molecular structures. Smart mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), with excellent biocompatibility, tunable physicochemical properties, and site-specific functionalization, offer efficient and high loading capacity as well as robust and targeted delivery of a variety of payloads in a controlled fashion. Such unique nanocarriers should have great potential for challenging biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering, bioimaging techniques, stem cell research, and cancer therapies. However, in vivo applications of these nanocarriers should be further validated before clinical translation. To this end, this review begins with a brief introduction of MSNs properties, targeted drug delivery, and controlled release with a particular emphasis on their most recent diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

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