scholarly journals Electrode Size and Placement for Surface EMG Bipolar Detection from the Brachioradialis Muscle: A Scoping Review

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 7322
Author(s):  
Andrea Merlo ◽  
Maria Chiara Bò ◽  
Isabella Campanini
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Surface Electromyography ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Surface Emg ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Electrode Placement ◽  
Elbow Flexors ◽  
Electrode Size ◽  
General Lack

The brachioradialis muscle (BRD) is one of the main elbow flexors and is often assessed by surface electromyography (sEMG) in physiology, clinical, sports, ergonomics, and bioengineering applications. The reliability of the sEMG measurement strongly relies on the characteristics of the detection system used, because of possible crosstalk from the surrounding forearm muscles. We conducted a scoping review of the main databases to explore available guidelines of electrode placement on BRD and to map the electrode configurations used and authors’ awareness on the issues of crosstalk. One hundred and thirty-four studies were included in the review. The crosstalk was mentioned in 29 studies, although two studies only were specifically designed to assess it. One hundred and six studies (79%) did not even address the issue by generically placing the sensors above BRD, usually choosing large disposable ECG electrodes. The analysis of the literature highlights a general lack of awareness on the issues of crosstalk and the need for adequate training in the sEMG field. Three guidelines were found, whose recommendations have been compared and summarized to promote reliability in further studies. In particular, it is crucial to use miniaturized electrodes placed on a specific area over the muscle, especially when BRD activity is recorded for clinical applications.

scholarly journals Ecosystem-Based Adaptation to Protect Avian Species in Coastal Communities in the Greater Niagara Region, Canada

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Samantha Gauthier ◽  
Bradley May ◽  
Liette Vasseur
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Living Shorelines ◽  
Human Wellbeing ◽  
Living Shoreline

Coastal communities are increasingly vulnerable to climate change and its effects may push coastal ecosystems to undergo irreversible changes. This is especially true for shorebirds with the loss of biodiversity and resource-rich habitats to rest, refuel, and breed. To protect these species, it is critical to conduct research related to nature-based Solutions (NbS). Through a scoping review of scientific literature, this paper initially identified 85 articles with various ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) strategies that could help conserve shorebird populations and promote ecotourism. Of these 85 articles, 28 articles had EbA strategies that were examined, with some like coral reefs and mangroves eliminated as they were inappropriate for this region. The scoping review identified four major EbA strategies for the Greater Niagara Region with living shorelines and beach nourishment being the most suitable, especially when combined. These strategies were then evaluated against the eight core principles of nature-based solutions protecting shorebird as well as human wellbeing. Living shoreline strategy was the only one that met all eight NbS principles. As the coastline of the region greatly varies in substrate and development, further research will be needed to decide which EbA strategies would be appropriate for each specific area to ensure their efficacy.

Improvement of biosensor accuracy using an interference index detection system to minimize the interference effects caused by icterus and hemolysis in blood samples

The Analyst ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (17) ◽  
pp. 5223-5231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungha Park
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Optical Characteristics ◽  
Interference Effects ◽  
Blood Samples

An IID system was developed to improve the measurement accuracy of biosensors used in clinical applications by removing the optical characteristics of interference caused by icterus and hemolysis in blood samples.

scholarly journals Electromyographic measures of muscle activation and changes in muscle architecture of human elbow flexors during fatiguing contractions

2008 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 1720-1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Rudroff ◽  
Didier Staudenmann ◽  
Roger M. Enoka
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Surface Emg ◽  
Muscle Architecture ◽  
Surface Measurement ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Time To Failure ◽  
Elbow Flexors ◽  
Emg Amplitude ◽  
Rate Of Increase

The study compared changes in intramuscular and surface recordings of EMG amplitude with ultrasound measures of muscle architecture of the elbow flexors during a submaximal isometric contraction. Ten subjects performed a fatiguing contraction to task failure at 20% of maximal voluntary contraction force. EMG activity was recorded in biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis muscles using intramuscular and surface electrodes. The rates of increase in the amplitude of the surface EMG for the long and short heads of biceps brachii and brachioradialis were greater than those for the intramuscular recordings measured at different depths. The amplitude of the intramuscular recordings from three muscles increased at a similar rate ( P = 0.13), as did the amplitude of the three surface recordings from two muscles ( P = 0.83). The increases in brachialis thickness (27.7 ± 5.7 to 30.9 ± 3.5 mm; P < 0.05) and pennation angle (10.9 ± 3.5 to 16.5 ± 4.8°; P = 0.003) were not associated with the increase in intramuscular EMG amplitude ( P > 0.58). The increase in brachioradialis thickness (22.8 ± 4.8 to 25.5 ± 3.4 mm; P = 0.0075) was associated with the increase in the amplitude for one of two intramuscular EMG signals ( P = 0.007, r = 0.79). The time to failure was more strongly associated with the rate of increase in the amplitude of the surface EMG than that for the intramuscular EMG, which suggests that the surface measurement provides a more appropriate measure of the change in muscle activation during a fatiguing contraction.

scholarly journals Concurrent surface electromyography and force myography classification during times of prosthetic socket shift and user fatigue

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 205566831770873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Sanford ◽  
Rita Patterson ◽  
Dan O Popa
Keyword(s):  
Surface Electromyography ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Surface Emg ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Control Input ◽  
Prosthetic Devices ◽  
Prosthetic Socket ◽  
User Fatigue ◽  
Force Myography

Objective Surface electromyography has been a long-standing source of signals for control of powered prosthetic devices. By contrast, force myography is a more recent alternative to surface electromyography that has the potential to enhance reliability and avoid operational challenges of surface electromyography during use. In this paper, we report on experiments conducted to assess improvements in classification of surface electromyography signals through the addition of collocated force myography consisting of piezo-resistive sensors. Methods Force sensors detect intrasocket pressure changes upon muscle activation due to changes in muscle volume during activities of daily living. A heterogeneous sensor configuration with four surface electromyography–force myography pairs was investigated as a control input for a powered upper limb prosthetic. Training of two different multilevel neural perceptron networks was employed during classification and trained on data gathered during experiments simulating socket shift and muscle fatigue. Results Results indicate that intrasocket pressure data used in conjunction with surface EMG data can improve classification of human intent and control of a powered prosthetic device compared to traditional, surface electromyography only systems. Significance Additional sensors lead to significantly better signal classification during times of user fatigue, poor socket fit, as well as radial and ulnar wrist deviation. Results from experimentally obtained training data sets are presented.

Clinical applications of videoconferencing: a scoping review of the literature for the period 2002–2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 377-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Fatehi ◽  
Nigel R Armfield ◽  
Mila Dimitrijevic ◽  
Leonard C Gray
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Review Of The Literature

Flexor carpi radialis surface electromyography electrode placement for evoked and voluntary measures

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 818-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara A. Green ◽  
Jessica McGuire ◽  
David A. Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Surface Electromyography ◽  
Electrode Placement ◽  
Flexor Carpi Radialis

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ELECTROMYOGRAPHY DATA IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC DAILY HEADACHE AFTER BOTULOTOXIN INJECTION TYPE A AND STANDARD MEDICAL THERAPY

InterConf ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 377-386
Author(s):  
Anna Prokhorova
Keyword(s):  
Medical Therapy ◽  
Chronic Daily Headache ◽  
Surface Electromyography ◽  
Type A ◽  
Surface Emg ◽  
Standard Medical Therapy ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Daily Headache

Goal. The aim of the study was to compare the results of surface electromyography after injection of Botulinum toxin type A and standard medical therapy. Material and methods. The study encompassed 62 participants with chronic daily headaches (CDH). Group I included 26 patients with chronic migraine (15 treated with BTX-A injection and 11 treated with standard medical therapy), whilst, Group II comprised of 36 patients with chronic tension type headache (20 treated with BTX-A injection and 16 treated with standard medical therapy) with an average age of 32.1 ± 10.3 (M ± SD) years. Before and after therapy, clinical questionnaires, instrumental data, and headache episode characteristics were collected from all patients. To examine the differences between BTX - A injection and standard medical therapy, we measured muscle activity with surface EMG in patients with chronic daily headache before and after 3 months of treatment. On days when the patients had no headache attacks, the surface EMG was measured. Results. After treatment, surface electromyography data revealed a statistically significant difference in outcomes between the patients who received BTX-A injection and those who received standard medical therapy. Before treatment on surface EMG, all patients with chronic daily headache had high amplitude and velocity in the muscles under study, and there was no statistically significant difference between these groups, where p => 0.05. In this study, it was discovered that there was no statistically significant difference in pericranial and neck muscles dysfunction (before treatment between patients receiving BTX-A injection and standard medical therapy in Group I, patients with CM 95% CI -0.9087 - 0.4887; t = -0.607, df = 40, p = 0.5470 and Group II, patients with CTTH 95 % CI -0.5756 - 0.4356, t = -0.27, After treatment, there was a statistically significant difference between groups treated by BTX- A injection and standard medical therapy, with CM 95% CI 0.3258 - 1.4142, t = 3.231, df = 40, p = 0.0025 and CTTH 95 % CI 0.1020 - 1.1780, t = 2.381, df = 58, p = 0.0206, where p = <0.05. Conclusion. The obtained results testify the effectiveness of BTX-A injections compared to standard medical therapy in patients with CDH.

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