scholarly journals Acoustic Detector of Road Vehicles Based on Sound Intensity

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 7781
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Szwoch ◽  
Józef Kotus
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Sound Intensity ◽  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
The Road ◽  
Acoustic Detector ◽  
Direction Of Movement ◽  
Made In

A method of detecting and counting road vehicles using an acoustic sensor placed by the road is presented. The sensor measures sound intensity in two directions: parallel and perpendicular to the road. The sound intensity analysis performs acoustic event detection. A normalized position of the sound source is tracked and used to determine if the detected event is related to a moving vehicle and to establish the direction of movement. The algorithm was tested on a continuous 24-h recording made in real-world conditions. The overall results were: recall 0.95, precision 0.95, F-score 0.95. In the analysis of one-hour slots, the worst results obtained in dense traffic were: recall 0.9, precision 0.93, F-score 0.91. The proposed method is intended for application in a network of traffic monitoring sensors, such as a smart city system. Its advantages include using a small, low cost and passive sensor, low algorithm complexity, and satisfactory detection accuracy.

FPGA and ASIC implementation of the algorithm for traffic monitoring in urban areas

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Szczepański ◽  
M. Wöjcikowski ◽  
B. Pankiewicz ◽  
M. KŁosowski ◽  
R. Żaglewski
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Integrated Sensor ◽  
The Road ◽  
Moving Vehicles ◽  
Direction Of Movement ◽  
Account Due ◽  
Selection Of

FPGA and ASIC implementation of the algorithm for traffic monitoring in urban areas This paper describes the idea and the implementation of the image detection algorithm, that can be used in integrated sensor networks for environment and traffic monitoring in urban areas. The algorithm is dedicated to the extraction of moving vehicles from real-time camera images for the evaluation of traffic parameters, such as the number of vehicles, their direction of movement and their approximate speed. The authors, apart from the careful selection of particular steps of the algorithm towards hardware implementation, also proposed novel improvements, resulting in increasing the robustness and the efficiency. A single, stationary, monochrome camera is used, simple shadow and highlight elimination is performed. The occlusions are not taken into account, due to placing the camera at a location high above the road. The algorithm is designed and implemented in pipelined hardware, therefore high frame-rate efficiency has been achieved. The algorithm has been implemented and tested in FPGA and ASIC.

Traffic Monitoring Technique Based on Kalman Filtering and Multi-Feature Matching

2014 ◽  
Vol 701-702 ◽  
pp. 390-394
Author(s):  
Lan Ying Liu
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Feature Matching ◽  
Target Position ◽  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Sift Algorithm ◽  
The Road ◽  
Difference Image ◽  
Sift Features ◽  
The Cost

Traffic monitoring system based on image processing technology,which can reflect the information of traffic .The cost of use and maintenance is relatively low ,which can be widely applied to monitor complex area and crossing the road. In this paper, a new algorithm for traffic monitoring had be proposed, which combined the SIFT algorithm and kalman filter. Firstly, extracting SIFT targets based on the Pyramid of Gauss difference image, target position was doped out by kalman filter and builded the adapted window. Finally, the SIFT algorithm was used to extract target features and matching them. According to the next kalman location set prediction area, in this area combinated with target center and SIFT features, then selected the best objection for accurate tracking,acquire traffic parameters with traffic fiow and average speed.Experimental results show that detection accuracy is more than 91%,the method has strong robustness and realtime。

scholarly journals Efficient Moving Vehicle Detection Algorithm for Various Traffic Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 6069-6076
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Gaussian Mixture Model ◽  
Mixture Model ◽  
Gaussian Mixture ◽  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
Visual Surveillance ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
Detection Techniques

Many computer vision applications needs to detect moving object from an input video sequences. The main applications of this are traffic monitoring, visual surveillance, people tracking and security etc. Among these, traffic monitoring is one of the most difficult tasks in real time video processing. Many algorithms are introduced to monitor traffic accurately. But most of the cases, the detection accuracy is very less and the detection time is higher which makes the algorithms are not suitable for real time applications. In this paper, a new technique to detect moving vehicle efficiently using Modified Gaussian Mixture Model and Modified Blob Detection techniques is proposed. The modified Gaussian Mixture model generates the background from overall probability of the complete data set and by calculating the required step size from the frame differences. The modified Blob Analysis is then used to classify proper moving objects. The simulation results shows that the method accurately detect the target

scholarly journals Automated Incident Detection Using Real-Time Floating Car Data

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten Houbraken ◽  
Steven Logghe ◽  
Marco Schreuder ◽  
Pieter Audenaert ◽  
Didier Colle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Feasibility Trial ◽  
Incident Detection ◽  
The Road ◽  
Floating Car Data

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the feasibility of a live Automated Incident Detection (AID) system using only Floating Car Data (FCD) in one of the first large-scale FCD AID field trials. AID systems detect traffic events and alert upcoming drivers to improve traffic safety without human monitoring. These automated systems traditionally rely on traffic monitoring sensors embedded in the road. FCD allows for finer spatial granularity of traffic monitoring. However, low penetration rates of FCD probe vehicles and the data latency have historically hindered FCD AID deployment. We use a live country-wide FCD system monitoring an estimated 5.93% of all vehicles. An FCD AID system is presented and compared to the installed AID system (using loop sensor data) on 2 different highways in Netherlands. Our results show the FCD AID can adequately monitor changing traffic conditions and follow the AID benchmark. The presented FCD AID is integrated with the road operator systems as part of an innovation project, making this, to the best of our knowledge, the first full chain technical feasibility trial of an FCD-only AID system. Additionally, FCD allows for AID on roads without installed sensors, allowing road safety improvements at low cost.

scholarly journals A Survey and Comparison of Low-Cost Sensing Technologies for Road Traffic Monitoring

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Bernas ◽  
Bartłomiej Płaczek ◽  
Wojciech Korski ◽  
Piotr Loska ◽  
Jarosław Smyła ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pedestrian Detection ◽  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Active Sensors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Passive Sensors ◽  
Supporting Structures

This paper reviews low-cost vehicle and pedestrian detection methods and compares their accuracy. The main goal of this survey is to summarize the progress achieved to date and to help identify the sensing technologies that provide high detection accuracy and meet requirements related to cost and ease of installation. Special attention is paid to wireless battery-powered detectors of small dimensions that can be quickly and effortlessly installed alongside traffic lanes (on the side of a road or on a curb) without any additional supporting structures. The comparison of detection methods presented in this paper is based on results of experiments that were conducted with a variety of sensors in a wide range of configurations. During experiments various sensor sets were analyzed. It was shown that the detection accuracy can be significantly improved by fusing data from appropriately selected set of sensors. The experimental results reveal that accurate vehicle detection can be achieved by using sets of passive sensors. Application of active sensors was necessary to obtain satisfactory results in case of pedestrian detection.

Comparison of roadwheel and roadway noise generated by a mono-pitch tire tread

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (3) ◽  
pp. 3571-3583
Author(s):  
Richard Ruhala ◽  
Courtney Burroughs ◽  
Laura Ruhala
Keyword(s):  
Microphone Array ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Sound Intensity ◽  
Mechanical Impedance ◽  
Road Noise ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
Sound Fields ◽  
The Road ◽  
Transverse Grooves ◽  
Acoustical Holography

Tire-pavement interaction noise (TPIN, aka tire-road noise or tyre-road noise) is most efficiently measured in acoustically controlled laboratories with large diameter roadwheels (drums) that have surface treatments which replicate some pavement properties, especially when comparing the acoustic performance of different tires. However, it is not clear how closely the roadwheel replicates the road surface, including differences that include road curvature and mechanical impedance of pavements. On the other hand, measuring on a moving vehicle with a microphone array presents it own set of challenges. In this study, a Nearfield Acoustical Holography (NAH) method is used to measure tire/pavement interaction noise on roadways and roadwheels with similar smooth pavement and rough pavement properties. Sound intensity fields, overall sound power levels, and sound pressure levels are reconstructed very close to the tire surface. An experimental passenger car tire with a mono-pitch tread is used in this study. The experimental tire has three circumferential grooves and 64 equally spaced transverse grooves cut into the tread. Differences in sound fields and levels between roadway and roadwheel test conditions for this tire are shown.

scholarly journals A Review of Soil Dynamics in Traction Studies

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
A. M. Sedara
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Soil Dynamics ◽  
World Population ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
The Road ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Motion Resistance ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Soil Bin ◽  
Made In

As the world population increases more than ever before and increasing demand on food, feed and fiber, and security, the number of off-the-road vehicles is rapidly increasing for agriculture, forestry, military, mining and construction industries. Many researchers have studied and still investigating traction as it relates off-road vehicles and publications abound especially from developed countries of Europe, America and others.  In our generation scientists are trying to put robotic vehicles on the lunar and Martian terrains. This trend makes the study of soil dynamics in traction a sine qua non in our tertiary and research institutions. In Nigeria there is a dearth of publications in this specialized area of study. This is a review paper and the purpose is to highlight some of the studies that have been conducted over the years, with a view to enlightening, encouraging, stimulating and challenging would be researchers. Trends in the development of soil bin with single wheel testers were reviewed including tractive and transport devices used in them. Traction parameters including motion resistance, measurement and data acquisition systems, traction predictive equations including wheel numeric and mobility numbers were also reviewed. Efforts made in the development of soil bin for soil dynamics research and further research interest at the Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA) were highlighted.

scholarly journals Economic effects of road transport autonomization

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Hubert Igliński
Keyword(s):  
Road Transport ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
The Road ◽  
Social Potential ◽  
Made In

Work on fulfilling the dream of self-guiding vehicles began almost 100 years ago. Thanks to the significant progress that has been made in recent years, it can finally be assumed that fully autonomous road vehicles will most likely appear in 10–15 years. It will be necessary to wait much longer for their proliferation, but their economic and social potential is huge. Therefore, the aim of the paper’s author is to make a preliminary and for formal reasons also a synthetic review of the economic effects of the road transport autonomization.

Penerapan Konsep Kota Pintar dengan Cara Penerapan ERP (Electronic Road Price) di Jalan Ibu Kota DKI Jakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Arman Syah Putra
Keyword(s):  
Erp System ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Price ◽  
The Future ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Made In

The problem raised in this research is the implementation of ERP (Electronic Road Price) which will be applied in several street corners of the capital of Jakarta, many pros and cons that will occur in its application, ranging from its licensing to its application in the field, socialization to users the road in the capital is very important to do because it will directly intersect with motorized motorists in the capital of Jakarta, in its application also must be considered using what tools are best placed in every corner of the capital to help smooth the system to be applied, in this research the author will provide suggestions and frameworks so that the implementation of the ERP system (Electronic Road Price) can be carried out right away, with the suggestions that have been made are expected to influence the policies that will be made in terms of ERP (Electronic Road Price) in the future.

Social Progress in Britain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony F. Heath ◽  
Elizabeth Garratt ◽  
Ridhi Kashyap ◽  
Yaojun Li ◽  
Lindsay Richards
Keyword(s):  
Free Market ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
The Road ◽  
Social Divisions ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
The Usa ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Free Market Reforms ◽  
Made In

Social Progress in Britain examines how much progress has made in the years since Sir William Beveridge described the ‘five giants on the road to reconstruction’—the giants of Want, Disease, Ignorance, Squalor, and Idleness. The book has chapters examining the progress which Britain has made in improving material prosperity and tackling poverty; in extending length of life and tackling disease; in raising participation in education and improving educational standards; in tackling the scourge of unemployment, especially youth unemployment; and in providing better-quality housing and tackling overcrowding. In addition to Beveridge’s five giants, the book also explores inequalities of opportunity (focussing on inequalities between social classes, men and women, and ethnic groups), and the changing nature of social divisions and social cohesion in Britain. Throughout, the chapters put British progress into perspective by drawing comparisons with progress made in other large developed democracies such as Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Sweden, and the USA. As well as looking at the average level of prosperity, life expectancy, education, and housing, the book examines the extent of inequality around the average and pays particular attention to whether the most disadvantaged sections of society have shared in progress or have fallen behind. It concludes with an assessment of the effect of policy interventions such as Margaret Thatcher’s free market reforms of the 1980s on different aspects of social progress.

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