scholarly journals Bad Witches: Gender and the Downfall of Elizabeth Holmes of Theranos and Disney’s Maleficent

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Dundes ◽  
Madeline Streiff Buitelaar ◽  
Zachary Streiff
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
Sleeping Beauty ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Blood Testing ◽  
Male Power ◽  
Gender Hierarchy ◽  
Male Authority ◽  
The Way

Female villains, both fictional and real, are subject to unconscious gender bias when part of their iniquity involves the disruption of male authority. Disney’s most popular animated villain, Maleficent, from Sleeping Beauty (1959) and Elizabeth Holmes of the now-disgraced blood testing startup, Theranos, reveled in their power, deviating from idealized feminine propriety. An analysis of scenes featuring Maleficent, the “mistress of all evil”, and coverage of Elizabeth Holmes, once the first self-made female billionaire, illustrate how powerful women with hubris are censured beyond their misdeeds. Elizabeth Holmes’ adoption of a deep voice and other masculine characteristics parallels Maleficent’s demeanor and appearance that signal female usurpation of traditional male power. Both antagonists also engage in finger pricking that penetrates the skin and draws blood, acts associated with symbolic male potency. The purported ability to bewitch, in conjunction with the adoption of patterns associated with male dominance, suggest that Maleficent and Elizabeth Holmes wield power over men and wield the power of men. Discomfort with the way in which magical powers were allegedly employed by these women echo historical fears of witches accused of appropriating male power. Furthermore, powerful women who encroach on male authority but ultimately fail to upend the gender hierarchy trigger schadenfreude beyond that expected from their wrongdoings. In the end, the stories of Maleficent and Elizabeth Holmes celebrate the downfall of women who brazenly embrace power, without showing women how to challenge the gender hierarchy.

Boys in Religious Education – a difficult relationship?! Considering perspectives of boys in a gender-balanced pedagogy of diversity

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 123-139
Author(s):  
Thorsten Knauth
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Feminist Theology ◽  
School Education ◽  
Feminist Perspective ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Long Time ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Way

Pedagogy of Religion has been, for a long time, pedagogy of skipped gender difference. In a wrong generalization, students were talked about sweepingly. However, Religious Education (RE) never was neutral to gender; when it pretended to be so it actually supported male dominance. Crucial for the pioneer work of feminist theology was to reveal the gender veil (Pissarek-Hudelist, 1981, p. 47-71): The silence about the significance of gender supported an unreflected acceptance of maleness as the standard. Feminist religious pedagogy tried to overcome androcentrism, the dominance of male perspectives in religious education in contents, aims, and interactions (Jakobs 1994, p. 97-106; Kohler-Spiegel, 1995, p. 204-211; Pithan, 1993, p. 421-435).   Outcomes of research in Feminist Theology and feminist approaches to Religious Education have led to a necessary emphasis on structural discrimination of girls in school education and contributed to increasing awareness of gender bias in RE-approaches. The feminist perspective was bitterly needed and still is. But while the way of looking at girls, their life situations, needs, and gender-related educational approaches could become more differentiating, the perspective on boys has remained strangely bleak, being stuck in the criticism of male dominance.

Hostility Toward Men and the Perceived Stability of Male Dominance

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Glick ◽  
Jessica Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Ambivalent Sexism ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Gender Ideologies ◽  
Gender Hierarchy ◽  
The Stability

Two studies examined how ambivalent gender ideologies, measured by the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) and Ambivalence Toward Men Inventory (AMI), relate to the perceived legitimacy and stability of gender hierarchy. Study 1 showed simple correlations of each ASI and AMI subscale with the perceived legitimacy of gender hierarchy, but only Hostility Toward Men (HM: A traditional, but unflattering view of men as domineering) predicted the perceived stability of gender hierarchy. In Study 2, experimentally priming HM (but not other gender ideologies) increased perceptions of the stability of gender hierarchy. Although HM derides men for acting in a domineering manner, it characterizes men as designed for dominance. By reinforcing the perceived stability of gender hierarchy, HM may undermine women’s motivation to seek change.

Borrowing from Femininity: The Caring Man, Hybrid Masculinities, and Maintaining Male Dominance

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 801-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Eisen ◽  
Liann Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Symbolic Boundaries ◽  
Cultural Representations ◽  
Gender Hierarchy

Prevalent cultural representations of masculinity depict men as aggressive, emotionally distant individuals whose hard and muscular bodies epitomize these traits. These traditional representations of masculinity have also been linked to sexism and male dominance, which has encouraged many men to distance themselves from these representations. This study employed grounded theory methods to analyze interviews with twenty-five men about their understanding and construction of their masculinity. The analysis revealed that some men construct a hybrid masculinity by describing themselves as caring or being in touch with their feminine side to create social distance between themselves and men who adhere to traditional representations of masculinity. While men incorporated what they viewed as feminine characteristics into their identities, they reinforced, rather than challenged, the symbolic boundaries of gender and the resulting gender hierarchy. Ultimately, the men in this study were able to co-opt the language of caring to gain more prestige while reinforcing gender inequality and male dominance.

Reading Milton through a Feminist Jungian Lens

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Roula-Maria Dib
Keyword(s):  
Paradise Lost ◽  
Feminist Perspective ◽  
Positive View ◽  
Gender Hierarchy ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
Novel Reading ◽  
Initial Reading ◽  
The Way

Abstract My article re-reads John Milton’s Paradise Lost through a feminist post-Jungian perspective; the study will observe the implications of contemporary Jungian critical approaches toward Milton’s portrayal of Eve, who helps Adam find ‘a paradise within …, happier far’ (PL 12. 587). I will first highlight the negative portrayal of an evil, intellectually inferior Eve in Paradise Lost, and ultimately re-reading the poem—and the role of Eve in it—from the perspective of a feminist Jung. The initial reading of Paradise Lost, in which Eve was regarded as inferior and complementary to Adam, reflects Jung’s criticized notion that the anima’s role is to complement a man’s psychology. This, however, can be read differently through a post-Jungian feminist perspective. From this new viewpoint, Eve can be regarded as Adam’s equal, rather than an inferior company, and a catalyst in their ‘coniunctio’, in which they both individuate (rather than Eve, the anima be subservient to Adam’s individuation) in Paradise Lost. Despite the vast differences between John Milton’s and Carl Jung’s cultural and historical backgrounds, this novel reading of Paradise Lost in context of revisions to Jung’s anima theory and theory of individuation offers a more positive view on the poet’s depiction of Eve in keeping with more recent developments in Milton scholarship, which have drawn attention to the way the text questions conventions of gender hierarchy and patriarchy.

scholarly journals Gender and societies: a grassroots approach to women in science

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 190633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex James ◽  
Rose Chisnall ◽  
Michael J. Plank
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Simple Mathematical Model ◽  
Lower Status ◽  
The Status ◽  
Analyse Data

Women are under-represented in science. We show that the extent of the gender gap varies depending on the status of the position in question and there are simple steps that can be taken to improve diversity. We analyse data on the activities of over 30 science societies spanning four countries and five distinct discipline areas. Our results show that women tend to be equally represented in lower status roles and awards, e.g. student prizes and editorships, but under-represented in higher status roles, e.g. late-career awards and chief editorships. We develop a simple mathematical model to explore the role of homophily in decision making and quantify the effect of simple steps that can be taken to improve diversity. We conclude that, when the stakes are low, efforts to tackle historic gender bias towards men have been at least partially successful, but when the stakes are higher male dominance is often still the norm.

Nahkämpfe

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-97
Author(s):  
Sarina Tschachtli
Keyword(s):  
Male Dominance ◽  
Natural Order ◽  
Symbolic Forms ◽  
Male Power ◽  
Violent Acts ◽  
Gender Discourses

Abstract The article explores scenes of violence in Sibote’s ›der vrouwen zuht‹ and ›La Dame escoillee‹, arguing that the texts do not stage male dominance as a natural order (as one might assume), but rather illustrate a shift from violent acts (violentia) to a staging of potential violence that constitutes power (potentia). Whereas acts of violence are immediately visible, the staging of power is more complex, demanding indirect and symbolic forms of force that suggest an unlimited potential for violence. Both texts show these scenes to be effective, attesting to male dominance and thus affirming contemporary gender discourses; at the same time, they uncover just how constructed and staged this position of male power is, thus exposing an artificial rather than a natural order of genders.

Kikuyu women and the Harry Thuku disturbances: some uniformities of female militancy

Africa ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Wipper
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
The Public ◽  
Formal Systems ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Male Authority ◽  
Male Superiority

Opening ParagraphAfrican men, like men everywhere, have dominated the public sphere, holding the vast majority of official positions of power and authority. In pre-colonial African societies women were formally subordinate to male authority and male dominance was buttressed by an ideology of male superiority and a status system where women showed deference to men. But formal systems, ideologies and codes of etiquette are not realities. In some societies women wielded considerable influence and authority, so much in fact that these systems have been characterised as dual-sex political systems with each sex managing its own affairs (Okonjo, 1976). Women were not so much involved in hierarchical orders of relationships as in complementary, mutually dependent relationships.

scholarly journals Festival space: gender, liminality and the carnivalesque

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanya Pielichaty
Keyword(s):  
Popular Music ◽  
Music Festivals ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Gender Hierarchy ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Complicated Process ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
Photographic Imagery ◽  
The Way

Purpose – Contemporary outdoor rock and popular music festivals offer liminoidal spaces in which event participants can experience characteristics associated with the carnivalesque. Festival goers celebrate with abandonment, excess and enjoy a break from the mundane routine of everyday life. The purpose of this paper is to explore the way gender is negotiated in the festival space. Design/methodology/approach – The rock and popular music tribute festival, known as “Glastonbudget” provides the focus for this conceptual paper. A pilot ethnographic exploration of the event utilising photographic imagery was used to understand the way in which gender is displayed. Findings – It is suggested that liminal zones offer space to invert social norms and behave with abandonment and freedom away from the constraints of the everyday but neither women nor men actually take up this opportunity. The carnivalesque during Glastonbudget represents a festival space which consolidates normative notions of gender hierarchy via a complicated process of othering. Research limitations/implications – This is a conceptual paper which presents the need to advance social science-based studies connecting gender to the social construction of event space. The ideas explored in this paper need to be extended and developed to build upon the research design established here. Originality/value – There is currently a paucity of literature surrounding the concept of gender within these festival spaces especially in relation to liminality within events research.

scholarly journals URUNG AIYY TOYON AS A KEY MALE IMAGE OF PATRIARCHAL YAKUTS MYTHOLOGY

2020 ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Евгений Петрович Слепцов ◽  
Аида Июньевна Егорова
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Active Element ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Heroic Epic ◽  
The Social ◽  
Gender Hierarchy ◽  
Male Image

В статье рассматриваются вопросы развития социальных, в том числе гендерных установок в якутской мифологии и эпосе. Проведен анализ роли образа Yрүҥ Айыы Тойона в формировании патриархальной организации якутского общества. Образ Yрүҥ Айыы Тойона явился патроном нового социального порядка и инструментом вытеснения культов матрилинейной общины и их ведущего персонажа – хозяйки земли. В работе выделены этапы исторического развития образа Yрүҥ Айыы Тойона, связанные со структурными изменениями в общине якутов в процессе перехода от матрилинейности к патрилинейности, а также идеологической функции данного культа. Образ Yрүҥ Айыы Тойона выступил носителем типических черт социальной группы тойонов и мифы о нем оказывались активным элементом структур господства в якутском обществе. Культ Yрүҥ Айыы Тойона сложился и поддерживался как идеологическое обоснование власти тойонов, глав отдельных патронимий. Он был необходим для того, чтобы привнести и укрепить идею патриархальной организации в якутскую мифологию. Образ Yрүҥ Айыы Тойон самодостаточен и не нуждается в чудесных качествах и героических деяниях. Самое существенное для творцов и потребителей мифологии заключалось в его социальном статусе главы агнатной общины. В мифе и героическом эпосе олонхо образ Yрүҥ Айыы Тойона закрепляет патриархальную генеалогию. В культе Yрүҥ Айыы Тойона выпукло представлена идея гендерного господства мужчины и проявляются тенденции, которые вели к образованию гендерной иерархии в якутском обществе. Мифология Yрүҥ Айыы Тойона явилась обоснованием системы агнатного родства, освящая нормы обычного права, закреплявшие господствующее положение мужчины и подчиненное положение женщины. Миф об Yрүҥ Айыы Тойоне предстает как активный элемент структур господства в якутском обществе, игравшим функцию инструмента закрепления гендерного неравенства и установления власти якутского тойоната. The article considers the development of social attitudes including gender imperatives in Yakut mythology and epic. The analysis of the role of the character of Urung Aiyy Toyon in the formation of the patriarchal organization of the Yakut society is carried out. The character of Urung Aiyy Toyon was a patron of the new social order and a tool for supplanting the matrilineal community cult and its leading character the mistress of the Earth. The work highlights the stages of the historical development of the character of Urung Aiyy Toyon, associated with structural changes in the Yakut society during the process of transition from matrilineality to patrilineality, as well as the ideological function of this cult. The character of Urung Aiyy Toyon acted as a bearer of typical features of the social group of toyons, and myths about him turned out to be an active element of the structures of domination in the Yakut society. The cult of Urung Aiyy Toyon was formed and maintained as an ideological rationale for the power of the toyons, heads of individual patronymias. It was necessary in order to bring and strengthen the idea of a patriarchal organization in Yakut mythology. The character of Urung Aiyy Toyon is self-sufficient and does not need magical qualities and heroic deeds. For creators and consumers of mythology its social status as the head of the agnationalcommunitythe was most important. In the myth and the heroic epic of Olonkho, Urung Aiyy Toyon reinforces the patriarchal genealogy. In the cult of Urung Aiyy Toyon, the idea of male dominance is vividly represented and the tendencies that lead to the formation of a gender hierarchy in Yakut society are manifested. The mythology of Urung Aiyy Toyon was the rationale for the system of agnatic kinship, sanctifying the norms of customary law, reinforcing male dominance and women's subordinate position. The myth of Urung Aiyy Toyon appears as an active element of the structures of domination in Yakut society, which functioned as a tool for consolidating gender inequality and establishing the power of the Yakut toyons.

scholarly journals The Effect of Genderism on the Process and the Product of Translation

2022 ◽  
Vol 0 (45) ◽  
pp. 53-83
Author(s):  
Anas Kh. Ibraheem ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Bias Effect ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Feminist Movements ◽  
The Way

Many studies have been made and still concerning the field of translation. Since the mid-90's a considerable amount of researches has tackled the problem of gender and its effect on the process and the product of translation. Simon (1996, p 508) points out that when comparing women and men as translators and writers through history, women seem to be the weaker side. This paves the way to feminist movements which produce prominent studies concerning gender as a concept and translator's gender as practice on the quality and the accuracy of the translation. Flotow (in Meschia, 2012, p 1-4) outlines several issues that can be examined concerning gender and translation, these are historical studies, theoretical contemplations, translator's identity, post-colonial questions, and cultural questions. This research deals with two aspects of identity, i.e. gender: the gender of the translator (and its effect on the translation if there is any) and the gender of the evaluator of the translated text (and its effect if there is any). The aim of this paper is to find out whether there is any negative influence of the identity on the process and the product of translation. For this purpose, 40 students from the Department of Translation at Al-Ma'moon College University, in addition to 20 postgraduate, have been asked to assess and analyze through a questionnaire (that tackles the identity of both translator and evaluator) and an assessment of Shakespeare's Sonnet (no. 18) and four translated versions of it. The study remarkably shows that the gender-bias effect of the identity of the translator and the evaluator have an influence on students with 12.5% for undergraduate and 5% for postgraduate students. The majority of 87.5% and 95% believe that gender does not affect. This proves the research's hypothesis that there is a difference in the language of the two genders, yet it will not affect the gender of both of the translator and the evaluator.

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