scholarly journals Effect of Cathode Material and Its Size on the Abundance of Nitrogen Removal Functional Genes in Microcosms of Integrated Bioelectrochemical-Wetland Systems

Soil Systems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Sharvari S. Gadegaonkar ◽  
Timothé Philippon ◽  
Joanna M. Rogińska ◽  
Ülo Mander ◽  
Martin Maddison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Graphite Felt ◽  
Microbial Groups

Constructed wetland-microbial electrochemical snorkel (CW-MES) systems, which are short-circuited microbial fuel cells (MFC), have emerged as a novel tool for wastewater management, although the system mechanisms are insufficiently studied in process-based or environmental contexts. Based on quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays, we assessed the prevalence of different nitrogen removal processes for treating nitrate-rich waters with varying cathode materials (stainless steel, graphite felt, and copper) and sizes in the CW-MES systems and correlated them to the changes of N2O emissions. The nitrate and nitrite removal efficiencies were in range of 40% to 75% and over 98%, respectively. In response to the electrochemical manipulation, the abundances of most of the nitrogen-transforming microbial groups decreased in general. Graphite felt cathodes supported nitrifiers, but nirK-type denitrifiers were inhibited. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) bacteria were less abundant in the electrochemically manipulated treatments compared to the controls. ANAMMOX and denitrification are the main nitrogen reducers in CW-MES systems. The treatments with 1:1 graphite felt, copper, plastic, and stainless-steel cathodes showed higher N2O emissions. nirS- and nosZI-type denitrifiers are mainly responsible for producing and reducing N2O emissions, respectively. Hence, electrochemical manipulation supported dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) microbes may play a crucial role in producing N2O in CW-MES systems.

scholarly journals Development of Electroactive and Anaerobic Ammonium-Oxidizing (Anammox) Biofilms from Digestate in Microbial Fuel Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enea Gino Di Domenico ◽  
Gianluca Petroni ◽  
Daniele Mancini ◽  
Alberto Geri ◽  
Luca Di Palma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Geobacter Sulfurreducens ◽  
Graphite Anode ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Anodic Chamber

Microbial Fuel cells (MFCs) have been proposed for nutrient removal and energy recovery from different wastes. In this study the anaerobic digestate was used to feed H-type MFC reactors, one with a graphite anode preconditioned withGeobacter sulfurreducensand the other with an unconditioned graphite anode. The data demonstrate that the digestate acts as a carbon source, and even in the absence of anode preconditioning, electroactive bacteria colonise the anodic chamber, producing a maximum power density of 172.2 mW/m2. The carbon content was also reduced by up to 60%, while anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria, which were found in the anodic compartment of the reactors, contributed to nitrogen removal from the digestate. Overall, these results demonstrate that MFCs can be used to recover anammox bacteria from natural sources, and it may represent a promising bioremediation unit in anaerobic digestor plants for the simultaneous nitrogen removal and electricity generation using digestate as substrate.

scholarly journals Enhanced Nitrogen Removal from Domestic Wastewater by Partial-Denitrification/Anammox in an Anoxic/Oxic Biofilm Reactor

Processes ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Yu Huang ◽  
Yongzhen Peng ◽  
Donghui Huang ◽  
Jiarui Fan ◽  
Rui Du
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Carbon Demand ◽  
Oxidation Efficiency

A partial-denitrification coupling with anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process (PD/A) in a continuous-flow anoxic/oxic (A/O) biofilm reactor was developed to treat carbon-limited domestic wastewater (ammonia (NH4+-N) of 55 mg/L and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 148 mg/L in average) for about 200 days operation. Satisfactory NH4+-N oxidation efficiency above 95% was achieved with rapid biofilm formation in the aerobic zone. Notably, nitrite (NO2−-N) accumulation was observed in the anoxic zone, mainly due to the insufficient electron donor for complete nitrate (NO3−-N) reduction. The nitrate-to-nitrite transformation ratio (NTR) achieved was as high as 64.4%. After the inoculation of anammox-enriched sludge to anoxic zones, total nitrogen (TN) removal was significantly improved from 37.3% to 78.0%. Anammox bacteria were effectively retained in anoxic biofilm utilizing NO2−-N produced via the PD approach and NH4+-N in domestic wastewater, with the relative abundance of 5.83% for stable operation. Anammox pathway contributed to TN removal by a high level of 38%. Overall, this study provided a promising method for mainstream nitrogen removal with low energy consumption and organic carbon demand.

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation in polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate immobilized biomass system: a potential tool to maintain anammox biomass in application

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 718-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang-Li Zhu ◽  
Jia Yan ◽  
Yong-You Hu
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Gel Beads ◽  
Key Factor

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) has been proved to be a promising nitrogen removal method for treating ammonium-rich wastewater. However, because of the low-growth rate of anammox bacteria, maintenance of a sufficient amount of anammox biomass in reactor became a key factor in application. Gel immobilization is an efficient method to prevent biomass from being washed out and to promote hyper-concentrated cultures. This study focused on a nitrogen removal process by anammox enrichment culture immobilized in polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate (PVA-SA) gel beads. The rapid startup of reactor demonstrated that gel entrapment was supposed to be a highly effective technique for immobilizing anammox bacteria. The anammox bacteria present in the enrichment were identified to be Jettenia-like species (>98%). Moreover, the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT), pH, and temperature on immobilized anammox processes were investigated. The effect of pH and temperature on the anammox process was evidently weakened in PVA-SA immobilized gel beads, however, the effect of HRT on the anammox reaction was enhanced. Therefore, a stable operated reactor could be obtained in an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor, which proved gel immobilization was an excellent method to maintain the biomass in anammox reactor for application.

scholarly journals Recovery profile of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria inhibited by ZnO nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safiye Can ◽  
Tugba Sari ◽  
Deniz Akgul
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Recovery Profile ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract The potential effects of nanoparticles (NPs) on biological treatment processes have become significant due to their increasing industrial applications. The purpose of this research was to investigate the self-recovery ability of anammox bacteria following to acute ZnO NPs toxicity. In this context, a 2-liter lab-scale anammox reactor was operated for 550 days to enrich the biomass required to the batch exposure tests. Anammox culture was firstly exposed to four different doses of ZnO NPs (50, 75, 100 and 200 mg/L) for 24 h. Then, the ZnO NPs were removed and self-recovery performance of the anammox bacteria was assessed by evaluating the nitrogen removal capacities for 72 h. Besides the nitrogen removal performance, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production was also detected to deeply understand the response of the enriched anammox culture against ZnO NPs exposure. The results revealed that, sudden and high load of ZnO NPs (100 and 200 mg/L) resulted in persistent impairment on the nitrogen removal performance of the enriched anammox culture. However, relatively lower doses (50 and 75 mg/L) caused deceleration of the nitrogen removal performance during the recovery period. In addition, EPS content in the reactor decreased along with escalating load of ZnO NPs.

scholarly journals Coupled anaerobic ammonium oxidation and hydrogenotrophic denitrification for simultaneous NH4-N and NO3-N removal

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 975-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuru Kamei ◽  
Rawintra Eamrat ◽  
Kenta Shinoda ◽  
Yasuhiro Tanaka ◽  
Futaba Kazama
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Anammox Process

Abstract Nitrate removal during anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) treatment is a concern for optimization of the anammox process. This study demonstrated the applicability and long-term stability of the coupled anammox and hydrogenotrophic denitrification (CAHD) process as an alternative method for nitrate removal. Laboratory-scale fixed bed anammox reactors (FBR) supplied with H2 to support denitrification were operated under two types of synthetic water. The FBRs showed simultaneous NH4-N and NO3-N removal, indicating that the CAHD process can support NO3-N removal during the anammox process. Intermittent H2 supply (e.g. 5 mL/min for a 1-L reactor, 14/6-min on/off cycle) helped maintain the CAHD process without deteriorating its performance under long-term operation and resulted in a nitrogen removal rate of 0.21 kg-N/m3/d and ammonium, nitrate, and dissolved inorganic nitrogen removal efficiencies of 73.4%, 80.4%, and 77%, respectively. The microbial community structure related to the CAHD process was not influenced by changes in influent water quality, and included the anammox bacteria ‘Candidatus Jettenia’ and a Sulfuritalea hydrogenivorans-like species as the dominant bacteria even after long-term reactor operation, suggesting that these bacteria are key to the CAHD process. These results indicate that the CAHD process is a promising method for enhancing the efficiency of anammox process.

Vegetation effects on anammox spatial distribution and nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands treated with domestic sewage

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1370-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Wang ◽  
Tian Li
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Root System ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Reduced Rate

In this study, two horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetlands (CWs) (planted and unplanted) were constructed and compared to investigate the effects of vegetation on nitrogen removal and anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) spatial distribution and enrichment. Calamus (Acorus calamus L.), which has a large root system, was selected as the vegetation. Removal of total nitrogen from the planted wetland was much higher than that from the unplanted one. Radial oxygen loss from calamus provided the planted wetland with better oxygen restoration ability, benefitting ammonium removal in the CW, especially when anammox was inhibited under winter temperatures. Enrichment of anammox bacteria in planted wetlands was much greater than that in unplanted ones. The greatest enrichment of anammox bacteria occurred in the middle layer, which had a better anaerobic environment and moderate root system. The reduced rate of metabolism in plants during winter led to a sharp decrease in anammox bacteria copy numbers in the planted wetland. Under cold temperature, the degree of enrichment with anammox bacteria in the planted wetland was similar to or slightly superior to that in the unplanted wetland.

scholarly journals Nitrogen removal and microbial communities of a completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) at different inorganic carbon (IC) concentrations

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 1071-1079
Author(s):  
Caimeng Wang ◽  
Lirong Lei ◽  
Fangrui Cai ◽  
Youming Li
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Microbial Analysis ◽  
Total Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Canon Process ◽  
Autotrophic Nitrogen Removal

Abstract In this study, the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process was initiated in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR). Then the reactor was operated under different IC/N ratios. The total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency (TINRE) at IC/N ratios of 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5 and 2.0 were 37.0 ± 11.0%, 58.9 ± 10.2%, 73.9 ± 3.2%, 73.6 ± 1.8% and 72.6 ± 2.0%, respectively. The suitable range of IC/N ratio in this research is 1.25–2.0. The poor nitrogen removal performance at IC/N ratio of 0.75 was due to the lack of growth substrate for AnAOB and low pH simultaneously; at IC/N ratio of 1.0 this was because the substrate concentration was insufficient for fully recovering the AnAOB activities. Microbial analysis indicated that Nitrosomonas, Nitrospira and Candidatus Brocadia were the main ammonium oxidation bacteria (AOB), nitrite oxidation bacteria (NOB) and anammox bacteria (AnAOB), respectively. In addition, at IC ratios of 1.25 or higher, denitrification was promoted with the rise of IC/N ratio, which might be because the change of IC concentrations caused cell lysis of microorganisms and provided organic matter for denitrification.

Nitrogen removal during the cold season by constructed floating wetlands planted with Oenanthe javanica

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penghe Wang ◽  
Nasreen Jeelani ◽  
Jie Zuo ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Dehua Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Nitrite Reductase ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Oenanthe Javanica ◽  
Floating Wetlands

Constructed floating wetlands (CFWs) are used to treat waste waters of various origins either alone or as part of waste water treatment trains. The aim of the present study was to determine the extent of nitrogen removal by CFWs planted with Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC. at low temperatures (<10°C) and whether CFWs with vesuvianite as a substrate perform better than those without substrate. A batch model was used, with CFWs planted with O. javanica (Tc), CFWs without O. javanica (Ts), CFWs without substrate (Tp) and floating mats only (To) as a control. The average removal rates of NH4+-N, NO3–-N and total nitrogen were 78.3, 44.4 and 49.7% respectively in Tc; 72.0, 40.0 and 39.5% respectively in Ts; and 73.1, 33.7 and 44.0% respectively in Tp. In addition to a gradual increase in chemical oxygen demand during the experimental period, Tc had higher microbial richness and diversity, as well as a higher abundance of bacteria, archaea, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) bacteria and key genes (ammonia mono-oxygenase, amoA, nitrous oxide reductase, nosZ, dissimilatory cd1-containing nitrite reductase, nirS, and dissimilatory copper-containing nitrite reductase, nirK) involved in nitrogen metabolism in the substrate than Ts. Further analysis of microbial community composition revealed a difference at multiple taxonomic levels among different systems. These results demonstrate the positive roles of O. javanica and vesuvianite in CFWs in nitrogen removal from waste water during the cold season (mean water temperature <10°C).

scholarly journals Start-Up of Anammox SBR from Non-Specific Inoculum and Process Acceleration Methods by Hydrazine

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
Ivar Zekker ◽  
Oleg Artemchuk ◽  
Ergo Rikmann ◽  
Kelvin Ohimai ◽  
Gourav Dhar Bhowmick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Reject Water ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Optimum Salinity ◽  
Anammox Process

Biological nutrient removal from wastewater to reach acceptable levels is needed to protect water resources and avoid eutrophication. The start-up of an anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process from scratch was investigated in a 20 L sequence batch reactor (SBR) inoculated with a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic sludge at 30 ± 0.5 °C with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2–3 days. The use of NH4Cl, NaNO2, and reject water as nitrogen sources created different salinity periods, in which the anammox process performance was assessed: low (<0.2 g of Cl−/L), high (18.2 g of Cl−/L), or optimum salinity (0.5–2 g of Cl−/L). Reject water feeding gave the optimum salinity, with an average nitrogen removal efficiency of 80%, and a TNRR of 0.08 kg N/m3/d being achieved after 193 days. The main aim was to show the effect of a hydrazine addition on the specific anammox activity (SAA) and denitrification activity in the start-up process to boost the autotrophic nitrogen removal from scratch. The effect of the anammox intermediate hydrazine addition was tested to assess its concentration effect (range of 2–12.5 mg of N2H4/L) on diminishing denitrifier activity and accelerating anammox activity at the same time. Heterotrophic denitrifiers’ activity was diminished by all hydrazine additions compared to the control; 5 mg of N2H4/L added enhanced SAA compared to the control, achieving an SAA of 0.72 (±0.01) mg N/g MLSS/h, while the test with 7.5 mg of N2H4/L reached the highest overall SAA of 0.98 (±0.09) mg N g/MLSS/h. The addition of trace amounts of hydrazine for 6 h was also able to enhance SAA after inhibition by organic carbon source sodium acetate addition at a high C/N ratio of 10/1. The start-up of anammox bacteria from the aerobic–anaerobic suspended biomass was successful, with hydrazine significantly accelerating anammox activity and decreasing denitrifier activity, making the method applicable for side-stream as well as mainstream treatment.

Enrichment of marine anammox bacteria from seawater-related samples and bacterial community study

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kawagoshi ◽  
Y. Nakamura ◽  
H. Kawashima ◽  
K. Fujisaki ◽  
K. Furukawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Disposal Site ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Waste Disposal Site

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a novel nitrogen pathway catalyzed by anammox bacteria which are obligate anaerobic chemoautotrophs. In this study, enrichment culture of marine anammox bacteria (MAAOB) from the samples related to seawater was conducted. Simultaneous removal of ammonium and nitrite was confirmed in continuous culture inoculated with sediment of a sea-based waste disposal site within 50 days. However, no simultaneous nitrogen removal was observed in cultures inoculated with seawater-acclimated denitrifying sludge or with muddy sediment of tideland even during 200 days. Nitrogen removal rate of 0.13 kg/m3/day was achieved at nitrogen loading rate of 0.16 kg/m3/day after 320th days in the culture inoculated with the sediment of waste disposal site. The nitrogen removal ratio between ammonium nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen was 1:1.07. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis indicated that an abundance of the bacteria close to MAAOB and coexistence of ammonium oxidizing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria in the culture.

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