scholarly journals Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) Pilot Phase—Comparability over Flexibility?

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Bach ◽  
Annekatrin Lehmann ◽  
Marcel Görmer ◽  
Matthias Finkbeiner
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Product Performance ◽  
Environmental Footprint ◽  
Pilot Phase ◽  
Product Environmental Footprint ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
European Product

The main goal of the European product environmental footprint (PEF) method is to increase comparability of environmental impacts of products within certain product categories by decreasing flexibility and therefore achieving reproducibility of results. Comparability is supposed to be further increased by developing product category specific rules (PEFCRs). The aim of this paper is to evaluate if the main goal of the PEF method has been achieved. This is done by a comprehensive analysis of the PEF guide, the current PEFCR guide, the developed PEFCRs, as well as the insights gained from participating in the pilot phase. The analysis reveals that the PEF method as well as its implementation in PEFCRs are not able to guarantee fair comparability due to shortcomings related to the (1) definition of product performance; (2) definition of the product category; (3) definition and determination of the representative product; (4) modeling of electricity; (5) requirements for the use of secondary data; (6) circular footprint formula; (7) life cycle impact assessment methods; and (8) approach to prioritize impact categories. For some of these shortcomings, recommendations for improvement are provided. This paper demonstrates that the PEF method has to be further improved to guarantee fair comparability.

Comparison-based perceived attribute performance as a better antecedent of satisfaction, value and loyalty

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1252-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Vera-Martinez ◽  
Sidney Ornelas
Keyword(s):  
Business Performance ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Product Performance ◽  
Performance Measurements ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Dishwashing Detergent ◽  
Empirical Tests ◽  
Level Performance

PurposeProduct performance measurements have been used to explain other business performance variables. The purpose of this paper is to propose that, regarding Mexican consumers, the “comparison-based perceived attribute performance” (CAP) approach is a better predictor of outcomes, such as satisfaction, value and loyalty, compared with the traditional measurement of “non-comparison-based perceived attribute performance” (NCAP). These two forms of assessing attribute-level performance may be considered as different constructs.Design/methodology/approachUsing these two approaches, empirical tests were performed to attribute performance measurement and were conducted on products from two different categories: tequila and liquid dishwashing detergent. Regression analyses were performed using Mexican consumer samples ofn=295 andn=239, respectively.FindingsAs opposed to NCAP, CAP measurements yielded higher statistical levels of satisfaction, value and loyalty for both product categories. In the case of tequila, factor analysis indicated a clear separation between the two types of measurements, suggesting that they should be considered distinct constructs. However, this was not found for the other product category.Originality/valueCAP, which has better potential to predict outcomes than NCAP, could have relevant implications in brand positioning assessment and importance-performance analyses.

scholarly journals EU Product Environmental Footprint—Mid-Term Review of the Pilot Phase

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annekatrin Lehmann ◽  
Vanessa Bach ◽  
Matthias Finkbeiner
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Footprint ◽  
Pilot Phase ◽  
Product Environmental Footprint

scholarly journals Ukuran Lingkar Pinggang Optimal untuk Identifikasi Sindrom Metabolik pada Populasi Perkotaan di Indonesia

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Krisnawaty Bantas ◽  
Hari Koesnanto Yoseph ◽  
Budi Moelyono
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Indonesian Population ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Definition Of

Sindrom metabolik (SM) adalah suatu kombinasi gangguan medis yang meningkatkan risiko diabetes tipe 2 dan penyakit kardiovaskuler. Salah satu kriteria sindrom metabolik adalah obesitas sentralis. Beberapa sumber mendefinisikan sindrom metabolik menggunakan ukuran lingkar pinggang yang berbeda yang belum tentu sesuai apabila diterapkan untuk populasi Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapat nilai titik potong lingkar pinggang yang optimal sebagai salah satu kriteria SM yang sesuai dengan antropometri populasi Indonesia. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif menggunakan data sekunder yang berasal Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) Indonesia 2007. Sampel terdiri dari 13.262 orang berusia diatas 15 tahun pria dan wanita tidak hamil. Sebagai variabel dependen adalah S, dan variabel independen adalah ukuran lingkar pinggang. Analisis statistik yang digunakan adalah Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve dengan software analisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai titik potong optimal dari ukuran lingkar pinggang untuk mengidentifikasi subjek-subjek dengan faktor risiko multiple (ganda) dari SM di Indonesia adalah 85 cm untuk pria dan 83,5 cm untuk wanita. Disimpulkan bahwa penentuan kriteria ukuran lingkar pinggang sebagai salah satu komponen penentu SM harus disesuaikan untuk setiap komunitas.Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a combination of several medical conditions which increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. One of the criteria of MS is central obesity. There are some resources which provide the definition of MS that used difference waist circumference, which was not always necessarelly in accordance with the Indonesian population. The aimed of this study was to determine the optimal cut-off point of waist circumference as a component of MS which appropiate to the anthopometric of Indonesia population. This was a descriptive study, and used a secondary data from Riskesdas 2007. Sample was consisted of 13.262 men and non pregnant women, age over 15 years-old. MS was as dependent variable, and waist circumference was as independent variable. Statitical analysis was done by using software data analyzes with ROC curve methode. The result of study showed that optimal cut-off point of waist circumference to identify subjects with multiple risk of MS was 85 cm for Indonesian men and 83,5 for Indonesian women. It was concluded that the determination of the criteria of waist circumference as one of the criteria of SM should be adjusted for every community.

scholarly journals Assessing the Environmental Sustainability of Food Packaging: An Extended Life Cycle Assessment including Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste and Circularity Assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Pauer ◽  
Bernhard Wohner ◽  
Victoria Heinrich ◽  
Manfred Tacker
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmental Footprint ◽  
Product Environmental Footprint ◽  
Food Losses ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
General Guidance ◽  
Environmental Performance Indicators

Food packaging helps to protect food from being lost or wasted, nevertheless it is perceived as an environmental problem. The present study gives an overview of methods to assess the environmental sustainability of food packaging. Furthermore, we propose a methodological framework for environmental assessment of food packaging. There is a broad consensus on the definition of sustainable packaging, which has to be effective, efficient, and safe for human health and the environment. Existing frameworks only provide general guidance on how to quantify the environmental sustainability of packaging. Our proposed framework defines three sustainability aspects of food packaging, namely direct environmental effects of packaging, packaging-related food losses and waste, as well as circularity. It provides a list of key environmental performance indicators and recommends certain calculation procedures for each indicator. The framework is oriented towards the Product Environmental Footprint initiative and the Circular Economy Package of the European Union. Further research should develop a method to determine the amount of packaging-related food losses and waste. Moreover, future studies should examine the potential environmental benefits of different measures to make food packaging more circular.

scholarly journals LIFE GREENSHOES4ALL - Footwear environmental footprint

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Jose Ferreira ◽  
Vera V. Pinto ◽  
Patricia Costa
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Environmental Footprint ◽  
Ethyl Vinyl ◽  
Product Environmental Footprint ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Thermoplastic Rubber

One important step towards sustainability in footwear industries is to measure and tune the environmental impact a product makes throughout its life cycle. By performing a product’s life cycle assessment (LCA), the footwear value chain can produce footwear more responsibly, economically and in an eco-friendly way by addressing the three pillars of sustainability. LIFEGreenShoes4All teams are conducting LCA studies in representative footwear models ranging from fashion to safety footwear, with uppers in leather or textiles; midsoles in polyurethane foam (PU) or ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA); soles in vulcanized rubber, thermoplastic rubber (TR), EVA and others. These studies make possible to identify and quantify the most relevant life cycle stages, contributing to the most relevant impact categories (e. g, climate change, resource use), helping companies on the definition of how their footwear environmental performance may be improved. Considering the results, the higher contributors are materials and components, followed by waste from manufacturing and end-of-life. The creative design phase plays a significant role in footwear life cycle sustainability impact. The implementation of eco-design on the product conception is crucial to reduce the Product Environmental Footprint (PEF). LIFEGreenShoes4All is being developed by 9 partners AMF, APICCAPS, ATLANTA, CEC, CTCP, EVATHINK, ICPI, INESCOP, FICE and PESTOS (https://www.greenshoes4all.eu/).

State Failure and the Political Violence Phenomenon: A Comparative Analysis of Iraq and Syria Cases

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Eylem Özkaya Lassalle
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
State Failure ◽  
The Political ◽  
Collective Violence ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cold War

The concept of failed state came to the fore with the end of the Cold War, the collapse of the USSR and the disintegration of Yugoslavia. Political violence is central in these discussions on the definition of the concept or the determination of its dimensions (indicators). Specifically, the level of political violence, the type of political violence and intensity of political violence has been broached in the literature. An effective classification of political violence can lead us to a better understanding of state failure phenomenon. By using Tilly’s classification of collective violence which is based on extent of coordination among violent actors and salience of short-run damage, the role played by political violence in state failure can be understood clearly. In order to do this, two recent cases, Iraq and Syria will be examined.

DEFINITION OF TIME SPENT ON REPAIR OF BUS TRANSMISSION UNITS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT RELIABILITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (9) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Sergey Bulatov
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Probabilistic Method ◽  
Technological Equipment ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Transmission Unit ◽  
Equipment Reliability ◽  
Hours Of Work ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Time Decrease

The paper purpose is the effectiveness estimation in the technological equipment use, taking into account its reliability and productivity for defective transmission units of buses. The problem consists in the determination of time to be spent on repair of bus transmission units taking into account technological equipment reliability. In the paper there is used a probabilistic method for the prediction bus transmission units, and also a method of the dynamics of averages which allow ensuring minimum of costs for units downtime during repair and equipment cost. The need for repair of transmission units (gear box) arises on an average after 650 hours, the average productivity of the bench makes 4.2 bus / hour. The bench fails on the average after 4600 hours of work, the average time of the bench makes 2 hours. In such a way the solution of the problem specified allows analyzing the necessity of time decrease for transmission unit repair to avoid long downtimes of buses in repair areas without negative impact upon high repair quality and safety during the further operation.

PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF TERUBUK FARMING (SACCHARUM EDULE HASSKARL) IN SUBDISTRICT TOSA DISTRICT OF EAST TIDORE OF TIDORE ISLAND

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suwandi S. Sangadji
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Sample Method ◽  
Document Review ◽  
Revenue Production

The purpose of this researchment is to ascertain how wide the farming of species Saccharun Edule Hasskarl (terubuk) in sub district Tosa, district of East Tidore of Tidore Island through the indicator of the value revenue, production and selling prices so that the farmers will achieve The Break Event Point (BEP). The research method was used a quantitative method with the number of samples of 30 people. The determination of the sample method is using the census method or involving all members of the population into a sample of researchment. The secondary data collection was done by using library literature in the form of document review and relevant references to research object while primary data collection was done by using questionnaire. The data is using equation R /C Ratio, BEP Revenue, BEP Price, and BEP Production. Therefore from the results of the researchment it can be explained that the two of the thirty farmers come through the break event point, while the other twenty-eight farmers declared having a business that worth to be develop or experiencing profit, because the R/C ratio is above 1.0 with average profit reach Rp. 989.000, - per production / farmer.

Tests of jackhammers (formation of bench techniques)

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
V.S. Vanaev
Keyword(s):  
Impact Energy ◽  
Bench Tests ◽  
Measuring Complex ◽  
Energy Indicators ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Determination Of Parameters ◽  
Dynamic Indicators

Development of complex determination of parameters of jackhammers at bench tests is studied. The modern support of tests of jackhammers for the purpose of definition of their energy, vibration and noise indicators is considered. Descriptions of the SORP universal bench and UIPU measuring complex are given. Keywords jackhammer, bench, tests, processing object, energy indicators, impact energy, dynamic indicators [email protected]

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