scholarly journals A Multi-Data Approach for Spatial Risk Assessment of Topsoil Compaction on Arable Sites

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Ledermüller ◽  
Marco Lorenz ◽  
Joachim Brunotte ◽  
Norbert Fröba

Soil compaction is a human-induced threat which negatively affects soil functions and is highly dependent on site-specific soil conditions and land use patterns. Proper management techniques are indispensable for sustainable soil protection to ensure its function in the long term. A number of concepts exist to develop risk maps on the basis of soil inherent susceptibility to compaction at a given soil moisture level (mostly field capacity). However, the real soil conditions, e.g., current soil moisture content at the time of field work and the real machinery load, are not taken into account. To bridge this gap, we present a multi-data approach for qualitative risk assessment, which combines spatially and temporally explicit data on soil, soil moisture, and land use information. The contributing components integrate daily probability distribution, including inter- and intra-annual variations in land use and weather. We combined soil susceptibility to compaction and field work for the federal state of Lower Saxony per half-months and identified three clusters with more or less compaction risk for Lower Saxony. In spring, mainly manure spreading to maize and in autumn harvesting of maize and sugar beets are contributing to the yearly probability of compaction risk in top soils. With the presented approach risk areas can be identified. For the evaluation of the current compaction risks, farm specifications on machinery and timing of field work must also be taken into account.

2014 ◽  
Vol 473-474 ◽  
pp. 692-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G. Kibblewhite ◽  
P.H. Bellamy ◽  
T.R. Brewer ◽  
A.R. Graves ◽  
C.A. Dawson ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giannis Sofiadis ◽  
Eleni Katragkou ◽  
Edouard Davin ◽  
Ronny Meier ◽  
Diana Rechid ◽  
...  

<p>Land-Use and Land Cover Changes (LULCC) play a fundamental role in land-atmosphere interactions, since they mainly regulate the exchange of latent and sensible heat between the ground and the upper air, while they control the amount of shortwave radiation absorbed by the ground. In this study, we make an attempt to investigate the biogeophysical effects of extreme land cover changes on soil variables, such as soil temperature and soil moisture. In particular, we analyze a multi-model ensemble of nine different regional climate model simulations, which had been performed over the Euro-CORDEX domain in the frame of the WCRP CORDEX Flagship Pilot Study LUCAS (Land Use and Climate Across Scales). We compare two idealized experiments: a maximally forested (called FOREST) and a fully grassed Europe (called GRASS). According to our results, the soil temperature response to forestation varies among the climate models. They show a profound seasonality and dependence by latitude. In winter, the magnitude of soil temperature changes is considered weak, showing a warming in high latitudes (around +1<sup>o</sup>C on average) and a weak cooling over the Mediterranean region. During the summertime, in contrast, soil temperatures are higher in the GRASS experiment, especially in Central and Southern Europe (ranging from +1<sup>o</sup>C to +3<sup>o</sup>C depending to the model), underlying the essential role of soil moisture in determining the land-atmosphere feedbacks during the summer. In our contribution, we will present in detail the role of forest and grass characteristics and its effects on seasonal soil conditions across Europe[DR1] .  </p>


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Shijiang Guo ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
Linghong Zeng

<p>In recent years, the real estate market regulation and control policies have been issued intensively, and the regulatory means have been more focused on “implementing policies according to the city”. On the whole, the important position of real estate as the pillar of our national economy has not changed, but many new characteristics have been derived from the industry. In this article, the real estate market in Jinan from 2010 to 2019 is selected, and the risk assessment and management of real estate market in Jinan City are analyzed by using the method of quantitative and qualitative risk assessment. Combined with the results of risk assessment, corresponding management countermeasures are put forward, which has certain practical significance.</p>


GIS Business ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
Eugenia Schmitt

The need to focus on banks funding structure and stress testing in an explicit way arose as a consequence of the crisis of past decades. Liquidity risks usually occur as a consequence of other kinds of risks, hence analysing scenarios in a prospective manner is essential for the assessment if the bank can fulfill its obligations as they come due and if its funding costs are appropriate. The structural liquidity risk and the degree of the liquidity mismatch can be measured based on the liquidity gap analysis, where expected cash-in- and outflows, divided in different time-buckets are depicted. The liquidity gap report (LGR) shows if a liquidity shortcoming appears in the future and how high is the amount a bank would have to pay, if any hedging were not possible. This paper shows how to build a comprehensive LGR which is the base for both, liquidity and wealth risk evaluation. To improve the accuracy of the forecast, the counterbalancing capacity will be incorporated into the LGR. This tool is a methodological basis for quantitative and qualitative risk assessment and stress testing.


Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Carlos Carvalhais ◽  
Micaela Querido ◽  
Cristiana C. Pereira ◽  
Joana Santos

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 global pandemic brought several challenges to occupational safety and health practice. One of these is the need to (re)assess the occupational risks, particularly, biological risks. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work is to promote guidance to occupational safety and health practitioners when conducting a biological risk assessment in this context. METHODS: The main steps of the biological risk assessment are explained with some inputs regarding the novelty posed by SARS-CoV-2 and an example of a qualitative risk assessment method is presented. Also, its application to two different activities was exemplified. RESULTS: In both cases, the assessment considered that vulnerable workers were working from home or in medical leave. The results showed low or medium risk level for the assessed tasks. For medium risk level, additional controls are advised, such maintain social distancing, sanitize instruments/equipment before use, use proper and well-maintained PPE (when applicable), and promote awareness sessions to spread good practices at work. Employers must be aware of their obligations regarding biological risk assessment and OSH practitioners must be prepared to screen and link the abundance of scientific evidence generated following the outbreak, with the technical practice. CONCLUSIONS: This paper could be an important contribution to OSH practice since it highlights the need to (re)assess occupational risks, especially biological risk, to ensure a safe return to work, providing technical guidance.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 565
Author(s):  
Yunja Yoo ◽  
Han-Seon Park

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) published the Guidelines on Maritime Cyber Risk Management in 2017 to strengthen cybersecurity in consideration of digitalized ships. As part of these guidelines, the IMO recommends that each flag state should integrate and manage matters regarding cyber risk in the ship safety management system (SMS) according to the International Safety Management Code (ISM Code) before the first annual verification that takes place on or after 1 January 2021. The purpose of this paper is to identify cybersecurity risk components in the maritime sector that should be managed by the SMS in 2021 and to derive priorities for vulnerability improvement plans through itemized risk assessment. To this end, qualitative risk assessment (RA) was carried out for administrative, technical, and physical security risk components based on industry and international standards, which were additionally presented in the IMO guidelines. Based on the risk matrix from the RA analysis results, a survey on improving cybersecurity vulnerabilities in the maritime sector was conducted, and the analytic hierarchy process was used to analyze the results and derive improvement plan priority measures.


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