scholarly journals Bio-Pellet Fuel from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB): Using European Standards for Quality Testing

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Brunerová ◽  
Miroslav Müller ◽  
Vladimír Šleger ◽  
Himsar Ambarita ◽  
Petr Valášek
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches

The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) represents Indonesian major agriculture crop, nevertheless, its cultivation and processing results in an excessive amount of waste biomass, namely, empty fruit bunches (EFB), which is not always properly processed or reused. Therefore, the present investigation was performed to attract wide public interest in proper waste management and reuse of waste biomass. The suitability of such waste biomass for bio-pellet fuel production within its ecological EFB reuse was the subject of investigation. Its fuel parameters, mechanical quality and microscopic analysis represented the set of experimental testing performed within the target purpose. Satisfactory result values were stated within oil palm EFB fuel parameters, namely, moisture content Mc—7.07%, ash content Ac—9.41% and energy potential NCV—15.06 MJ∙kg−1. Mechanical analysis of the produced bio-pellet fuel proved outstanding results: Volume density ρ—1440.01 kg∙m−3 and mechanical durability DU—97.4% and 99.4% (according to ÖNORM M 7135 (2003) and ISO 17831-1 (2015)). Furthermore, results of compressive strength σ proved the requested high level; in simple pressure σp—10.83 MPa and in cleft σc—60.46 N·mm−1. Stereoscopic microscope measurements proved a prevalent proportion of fiber >97% within the feedstock content, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of bio-pellet samples diagnosed cracks purely on the outer surface, not within their internal structures, which indicated high quality compacted products. In conclusion, the overall evaluation indicates the production of environmental-friendly high quality bio-pellet fuel, thus, proving the suitability of oil palm EFB for the production of bio-pellet fuel.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Bioaktivator Selulolitik untuk Mempercepat Pengomposan Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Diah Nurul Aini ◽  
Hanifa Hanifa ◽  
Dessy Sari Mulfa ◽  
Tetty Marta Linda
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Compost Quality ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis Jacq

Oil palm plantations are very extensive in Indonesia which have produced oil palm solid waste in the form of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB, shells and fibers. Generally, OPEFB is processed into compost but has a constraint that requires a long time of three months. The solution is to provided bioactivators.  This study aims to determine variations in the amount of cellulolytic bioactivators in composting OPEFB that is 0 ml (P1), 50 ml (P2), 75 ml (P3) and 100 ml (P4). Composting is carried out at an incubation laboratory scale for 45 days. The best research results were obtained in P4 treatment with compost quality: N-total of 2.13; C-organic: 35,45 and C/N ratio 16,68 which are in accordance with SNI standards. This cellulotic bioactivator can be developed for the production of TKKS compost on a larger scale.

scholarly journals Xylose recovery from dilute-acid hydrolysis of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) empty fruit bunches for xylitol production

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (41) ◽  
pp. 1997-2008
Author(s):  
Manjarres-Pinzon Katherine ◽  
Arias-Zabala Mario ◽  
Correa-Londono Guillermo ◽  
Rodriguez-Sandoval Eduardo
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Xylitol Production ◽  
Dilute Acid ◽  
Dilute Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Characterization and adsorption kinetic study of surfactant treated oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) empty fruit bunches

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (20) ◽  
pp. 9474-9487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Danish ◽  
Tanweer Ahmad ◽  
Rokiah Hashim ◽  
Mohd Ridzuan Hafiz ◽  
Arniza Ghazali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Adsorption Kinetic ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches

scholarly journals Peningkatan Kualitas Pelet Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit melalui Torefaksi Menggunakan Reaktor Counter-Flow Multi Baffle (COMB)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Wahyu Hidayat ◽  
Irma Thya Rani ◽  
Tri Yulianto ◽  
Indra Gumay Febryano ◽  
Dewi Agustina Iryani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Counter Flow ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) empty fruit bunches (EFB) have not been utilized optimally. Currently, it is considered as a resource with low economic value. This biomass can be converted into bioenergy through a torrefaction process. Torrefaction is a mild pyrolysis at temperatures ranging between 200 and 300 °C, and it is generally performed under an inert atmosphere. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of torrefaction using Counter-Flow Multi Baffle (COMB) on the properties of oil palm EFB pellets. Torrefaction was conducted at 280 °C temperature with a residence time of 4 minutes. The results showed a decrease in the equilibrium moisture content and an increase in hydrophobicity after torrefaction using the COMB reactor. The change in the hygroscopic property could make the oil palm EFB pellet more stable against chemical oxidation and microbial degradation, hence self-heating and auto-ignition during storage could be prevented. The heating value of biomass increased after torrefaction. Torrefaction with the COMB reactor resulted in a heating value of 17.90 MJ/kg, which is comparable with the results of oxidative torrefaction (with longer residence time) of 18.28 MJ/kg. The results suggested that torrefaction using the COMB reactor could provide a great improvement in the quality of the bioenergetic properties of oil palm EFB pellets. However, the high ash content of the EFB pellets implied that the EFB pellets suitable for a small-scale application, but not yet for cofiring in power plants or as a feedstock for gasification.Keywords: Counter-Flow Multi Baffle; oil palm empty fruit bunches; renewable; torrefactionA B S T R A KTandan kosong kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis) belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Saat ini bahan tersebut masih dianggap sebagai sumber daya bernilai ekonomi rendah. Tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dapat dikonversi menjadi bioenergi melalui proses torefaksi. Torefaksi merupakan proses pirolisis ringan pada suhu berkisar antara 200 dan 300 °C dan umumnya dilakukan di bawah kondisi inert. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh torefaksi dengan reaktor Counter-Flow Multi Baffle (COMB) terhadap sifat-sifat pelet TKKS. Torefaksi dilakukan pada suhu 280 °C dengan waktu tinggal 4 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa torefaksi menyebabkan penurunan kadar air kesetimbangan dan menjadi hidrofobik setelah torefaksi dengan reaktor COMB. Perbaikan sifat higroskopis dapat membuat pelet TKKS lebih stabil terhadap oksidasi kimia dan degradasi mikroba, sehingga pemanasan sendiri dan pembakaran spontan selama penyimpanan dapat dicegah. Nilai kalor biomassa meningkat setelah torefaksi. Torefaksi dengan reaktor COMB menghasilkan nilai kalor 17,90 MJ/kg, yang sebanding dengan hasil torefaksi oksidatif dengan waktu tinggal lebih lama, sebesar 18,28 MJ/kg. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa torefaksi dengan reaktor COMB dapat meningkatkan kualitas energi pelet TKKS. Tetapi pelet TKKS masih memiliki kadar abu yang tinggi sehingga biomassa hasil torefaksi belum sesuai untuk cofiring di pembangkit listrik atau sebagai bahan baku untuk gasifikasi.Kata kunci: Counter-Flow Multi Baffle; tandan kosong kelapa sawit; terbarukan; torefaksi 

scholarly journals Potential of biomass residues from oil palm agroindustry in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 13008
Author(s):  
Dwi Ermawati Rahayu ◽  
Dutarama Nasarani ◽  
Wahyono Hadi ◽  
Budisantoso Wrjodirjo
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Oil Palm agroindustry is growing rapidly in Southeast Asia especially Indonesia and Malaysia. Based on GAPKI data, Indonesia's CPO production 2017 is 38.17 million tons and PKO of 3.05 million tons. Production activities in palm oil agro-industry in addition to producing PKO and CPOl produce solid waste from the plantation and palm oil mill, Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) from the palm oil mill. The biomass waste of oil palm agro-industry comes from activities in plantations in the form of midrib, leaves and palm tree trunks. While from the palm oil mill produced solid waste in the form of palm kernel shells (PKS), mesocarp fibers (MF) and empty fruit bunches (EFB). The waste is classified as biomass residue that can be utilized so that it has added value. Biomass potential in Indonesia can be estimated from the productivity of oil palm. The volume of biomass is 5,5-8%, empty bunches 20-23%, palm fronds 13.5-15%, 15% palm fiber from 1 ton of fresh fruit bunches. The total potential of oil palm solid waste biomass in Indonesia 2017 is 20.07 million tons and POME is 23.7 million tons. The largest distribution of biomass is in Riau, North Sumatra, South Sumatra province.

scholarly journals Assessment of nutrients status of areas supporting optimum oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. L) cultivation in Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
I. Danso ◽  
S. A. Okyere ◽  
E. Larbi ◽  
F. Danso ◽  
B. N. Nuertey
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Acidic Soil ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Exchangeable Acidity ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches

In Ghana, information on the fertility status to support oil palm growth and productivity and possible fertilizer recommendation is not common. The objective of this study was to assess the nutrition-related limitations to production of oil palm across areas climatically delineated as optimum for sustainable oil palm production. Based on Ghana Interim Soil Classification System, benchmark soils identified in these areas were: Temang (Lixisols), Akroso (Acrisol), Kokofu (Alisols), Basitia (Acrislos), Firam (Acrisols) and Nkwanta (Acrisols). Results indicated generally strongly acidic soil and exchangeable acidity values obtained were high and consistent with very acidic soil conditions. There were generally- high C: N ratios (>20) except some few sites, thus supplementary nitrogen is required to reduce C: N ratio and improve N availability. The Total Exchangeable Bases (TEB), Effective Cation Exchange Capacity (ECEC) and available P values were less than the optimum values for sustainable oil palm production. Both soil and foliar analysis indicated that soils in areas assessed have low soil fertility with relatively good soil physical conditions. It is recommended that instead of superphosphate fertilizer application, rock phosphate should be administered due to high acidity. Raising the low ECEC levels of the soil calls for composted empty fruit bunches incorporation.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxypropylcellulose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (Elaeis guineensis Jacq)

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Djagal W. Marseno ◽  
Pepita Haryanti ◽  
Binardo Adiseno ◽  
Haryadi Haryadi
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Cellulose Derivatives ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Purity Level ◽  
Mesh Screen ◽  
Molar Substitution

Indonesia has a lot of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) and usually discarded as agricultural waste. The major component of this oil palm EFB is cellulose, which is useful for food industry in the form of cellulose derivatives such as hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC). This paper reported about a method to prepare HPC from oil palm EFB as cellulose source. Oil palm EFB was dried, cut and milled to obtain EFB powder passed from 60 mesh screen. Cellulose in the EFB powder was extracted using 4% NaOH at 100ºC for 3.5 h, and then bleached using 5% NaOCl at 30ºC for 3 h.  HPC was synthesized from cellulose using NaOH at 5-25% at 25ºC for 1 h, then propylene oxide (PO) at 0.6-1.4 mL per g cellulose was added to the slurry and the temperature was adjusted to 55ºC for 3 h.  HPC from EFB cellulose had more less characters than its commercial especially in purity level. Alkalization using 10% NaOH and its etherification using 1.4% (v/w) PO gave HPC with the highest molar substitution (MS), viscosity, purity and crystallinity i.e. 0.1049; 76.88 cps; 76.91% and 24.39%, respectively.

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