scholarly journals Regional Temporal and Spatial Trends in Drought and Flood Disasters in China and Assessment of Economic Losses in Recent Years

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieming Chou ◽  
Tian Xian ◽  
Wenjie Dong ◽  
Yuan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Central China ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Climate Indices ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Flood Disasters ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Understanding the temporal and spatial distribution in disasters plays an important role in disaster risk management. The present study aims to explore the long-term trends in drought and floods over China and estimate the economic losses they cause. A peak-over-threshold approach is used to identify flood peaks, and the relationship between the disasters and climate indices is investigated using Poisson regression. The major results are as follows: (1) the northeastern part of China was severely affected by drought disasters (average damaged area was 6.44 million hectares); (2) the northern part of East China and Central China upstream of the Yangtze River were severely affected by flood disasters (average damaged area was 3.97 million hectares); (3) in the Yangtze River Basin, there are increasing trends in terms of drought and extreme precipitation, especially upstream of the Yangtze River, accompanied by severe disaster losses; and (4) by combining the trends in drought and extreme precipitation days with the spatial distribution of damaged areas, the study indicates that the increasing trend in droughts has shifted gradually from north to south, and the increasing trend in extreme precipitation gradually has shifted from south to north.

scholarly journals Regional Temporal and Spatial Trends in Drought and Flood Disasters in China and Assessment of Economic Losses in Recent Years

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieming Chou ◽  
Tian Xian ◽  
Wenjie Dong ◽  
Yuan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Yangtze River Basin ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Central China ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Precipitation Trend ◽  
Flood Disasters ◽  
Increasing Trend

Understanding the distribution in drought and floods plays an important role in disaster risk management. The present study aims to explore the trends in the standardized precipitation index and extreme precipitation days in China, as well as to estimate the economic losses they cause. We found that in the Northeast China, northern of North China and northeast of Northwest China were severely affected by drought disasters (average damaged areas were 6.44 million hectares) and the most severe drought trend was located in West China. However, in the north of East China and Central China, the northeastern of the Southwest China was severely affected by flood disasters (average damaged areas were 3.97 million hectares) and the extreme precipitation trend is increasing in the northeastern of the Southwest China. In the Yangtze River basin, there were increasing trends in terms of drought and extreme precipitation, especially in the northeastern of the Southwest China, where accompanied by severe disaster losses. By combining the trends in drought and extreme precipitation days with the distribution of damaged areas, we found that the increasing trend in droughts shifted gradually from north to south, especially in the Southwest China, and the increasing trend in extreme precipitation gradually shifted from south to north.

scholarly journals Research on the Coordination Characteristics and Interaction Between Innovation-driven Development and Green Development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
wei wang ◽  
lei zhou ◽  
wei chen ◽  
chao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Green Development ◽  
Regional Sustainable Development ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Innovation-driven development and green development are both important ways to achieve regional sustainable development. Many studies have focused on innovation-driven dynamic factors and green development impact factors, yet most have paid little attention to the relationship between the two types of factors. This study considers the innovation-driven development and green development evaluation systems of 130 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Through expert group evaluation, the three dimensions of green production, green life and green ecology are selected to represent the green development index. Innovation input, innovation performance, and innovation potential reflect the innovation-driven development index. The entropy TOPSIS method is used to measure the innovation-driven development index and the green development index of 130 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Then, a coupling coordination evaluation model and a spatiotemporal heterogeneity analysis model are constructed to discuss the coupling coordination index of regional innovation-driven development and green development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and to determine its temporal and spatial distribution characteristics. Finally, we choose a spatial panel regression model to explore the relationship between the innovation-driven development index and the green development index of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The research results show that there is a significant difference between the innovation-driven development index and the green development index of the 130 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt in terms of the temporal and spatial distribution. The coordination index of the two has an imbalanced distribution feature, and there is a significant direct or indirect relationship between the two structural indicators in a mathematical sense. This study enhances the academic community's understanding of the interaction between innovation-driven development and green development, provides scientifically based support for green development, offers guidance for the implementation of innovation capabilities, and ultimately supports a policy design facilitating regional sustainable development.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Rainfall Anomalies in 1961–2010 in the Yangtze River Basin, China

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 960
Author(s):  
Shuying Bai ◽  
Jixi Gao ◽  
Yu Xue ◽  
Romany Mansour
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Yangtze River Basin ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Monthly Scale ◽  
Flood Disasters ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
The Yangtze River Basin ◽  
Rainfall Anomalies

Understanding rainfall anomalies and their relationship with floods in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) is essential for evaluating flood disasters, which have a great impact on the development of agriculture and the economy. On the basis of daily rainfall data from 1961 to 2010 from 178 meteorological stations, the temporal and spatial characteristics of rainfall anomalies in the YRB were studied on an annual scale, seasonal scale, and monthly scale. The annual rainfall of the YRB showed a generally increasing trend from 1961 to 2010 (14.22 mm/10 a). By means of the Bernaola–Galvan abrupt change test and Redfit spectrum analysis, it was found that the annual average rainfall increased abruptly after 1979 and had a cycle of 2–3 years. On the seasonal scale, the rainfall in spring and autumn showed a gradually decreasing trend, especially in September, while it showed a significant increasing trend in summer and winter in the YRB. As for the monthly scale, the rainfall in the rainy season from June to July presented a clear increasing trend during the study period, which greatly enhanced the probability of floods in the YRB. Additionally, through the analysis of the spatial distribution characteristics of rainfall in the entire YRB from 1961 to 2010, it was observed that the annual rainfall amount in the YRB presented an “increase–decrease–increase” tendency from east to west, accompanied by a rain belt that continuously moved from west to east. Moreover, the rainfall characteristics in flood years were summarized, and the results revealed that the years with rainfall anomalies were more likely to have flood disasters. However, anomalies alone would not result in big floods; the spatially and temporally inhomogeneous rainfall distribution might be the primary reason for flood disasters in the entire YRB.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Precipitation in the Chinese Regional Reanalysis Using Satellite Estimates, Gauge-Based Observations and Global Reanalysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutong Lu ◽  
Min Shao ◽  
Juan Fang ◽  
Yinong Pan ◽  
Jianping Tang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Diurnal Cycle ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Yangtze River Basin ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Diurnal Cycle Of Precipitation ◽  
Regional Reanalysis ◽  
Global Reanalysis

Two high-resolution Chinese regional reanalysis (CNRR) datasets at a resolution of 18 km during the period of 1998–2009 are generated by Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) data assimilation system and spectral nudging (SN) method. The precipitation from CNRR is comprehensively evaluated against the observational datasets and global reanalysis ERA5 over East-Asia. The climatology mean, seasonal variability, extreme events, and summer diurnal cycle of precipitation are analyzed. Results show that CNRR reasonably reproduces the observed characteristics of rainfall, although some biases exist. The spatial distribution of climatology mean precipitation is well simulated by CNRR, while overestimation exists especially on the west side of Tibetan-Plateau (TP). CNRR reproduces the unimodal feature of the annual cycle with overestimations of summer precipitation, and well produces the probability of light and moderate rainfall but tend to overestimate heavy and extreme precipitation over most regions in China. The overall spatial distribution of extreme precipitation indices can be captured by CNRR. The diurnal cycle of summer precipitation, as well as the amplitude of diurnal cycle, are better reproduced by CNRR-GSI, capturing eastward propagation of diurnal phase from TP along the Yangtze River. CNRR-GSI generally outperforms CNRR-SN over most regions of China except in reproducing heavy and extreme rainfall in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) and South China (SC) regions. CNRR-GSI shows comparable results with the latest ERA5 and outperforms it in simulating the diurnal cycle of precipitation. This dataset can be considered as a reliable source for precipitation related applications.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Variability of Soil Salinity in the Yangtze River Estuary Using Electromagnetic Induction

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1875
Author(s):  
Wenping Xie ◽  
Jingsong Yang ◽  
Rongjiang Yao ◽  
Xiangping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Yangtze River Estuary ◽  
Soil Electrical Conductivity ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
The Yangtze River Estuary

Soil salt-water dynamics in the Yangtze River Estuary (YRE) is complex and soil salinity is an obstacle to regional agricultural production and the ecological environment in the YRE. Runoff into the sea is reduced during the impoundment period as the result of the water-storing process of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, which causes serious seawater intrusion. Soil salinity is a problem due to shallow and saline groundwater under serious seawater intrusion in the YRE. In this research, we focused on the temporal variation and spatial distribution characteristics of soil salinity in the YRE using geostatistics combined with proximally sensed information obtained by an electromagnetic induction (EM) survey method in typical years under the impoundment of the TGR. The EM survey with proximal sensing method was applied to perform soil salinity survey in field in the Yangtze River Estuary, allowing quick determination and quantitative assessment of spatial and temporal variation of soil salinity from 2006 to 2017. We developed regional soil salinity survey and mapping by coupling limited laboratory data with proximal sensed data obtained from EM. We interpreted the soil electrical conductivity by constructing a linear model between the apparent electrical conductivity data measured by an EM 38 device and the soil electrical conductivity (EC) of soil samples measured in laboratory. Then, soil electrical conductivity was converted to soil salt content (soil salinity g kg−1) through established linear regression model based on the laboratory data of soil salinity and soil EC. Semivariograms of regional soil salinity in the survey years were fitted and ordinary kriging interpolation was applied in interpolation and mapping of regional soil salinity. The cross-validation results showed that the prediction results were acceptable. The soil salinity distribution under different survey years was presented and the area of salt affected soil was calculated using geostatistics method. The results of spatial distribution of soil salinity showed that soil salinity near the riverbanks and coastlines was higher than that of inland. The spatial distribution of groundwater depth and salinity revealed that shallow groundwater and high groundwater salinity influenced the spatial distribution characteristics of soil salinity. Under long-term impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the variation of soil salinity in different hydrological years was analyzed. Results showed that the area affected by soil salinity gradually increased in different hydrological year types under the impoundment of the TGR.

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