scholarly journals Emergency Evacuation Simulation and Management Optimization in Urban Residential Communities

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Chu ◽  
Jia Yu ◽  
Jiahong Wen ◽  
Min Yi ◽  
Yun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Residential Community ◽  
Residential Communities ◽  
Emergency Events ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Management Optimization ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Timely and secure evacuation of residents in communities is of great importance during unexpected disasters or emergency events. This study proposes a framework of evacuation simulation for optimizing emergency management in urban residential communities. Compared to traditional methods, the advantage of our framework lies in three aspects: (1) The method highlights easy-crowded areas in both indoor and outdoor evacuations. (2) Family behaviors are considered and implemented in evacuations. (3) Detailed measures on management optimization are spatially mapped based on a multi-level analysis and the comparison of evacuation simulation results in different scenarios. A case study in Changhongfang residential community, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China, was conducted to demonstrate the method feasibility. Simulation results have exposed potential evacuation problems in the community. A series of detailed recommended measures have been generated. These measures can help to create better emergency management for the community.

scholarly journals Pre-evacuation Time Estimation Based Emergency Evacuation Simulation in Urban Residential Communities

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen ◽  
Yu ◽  
Wen ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Residential Community ◽  
Residential Communities ◽  
Emergency Events

The timely and secure evacuation of an urban residential community is crucial to residents’ safety when emergency events happen. This is different to evacuation of office spaces or schools, emergency evacuation in residential communities must consider the pre-evacuation time. The importance of estimating evacuation time components has been recognized for approximately 40 years. However, pre-evacuation time is rarely discussed in previous community-scale emergency evacuation studies. This paper proposes a new method that estimates the pre-evacuation time, which makes the evacuation simulation in urban residential communities more realistic. This method integrates the residents’ pre-evacuation behavior data obtained by surveys to explore the influencing factors of pre-evacuation time and builds a predictive model to forecast pre-evacuation times based on the Random Forest algorithm. A sensitivity analysis is also conducted to find the critical parameters in evacuation simulations. The results of evacuation simulations in different scenarios can be compared to identify potential evacuation problems. A case study in Luoshanqicun Community, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China, was conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method. The simulation results showed that the pre-evacuation times have significant impacts on the simulation procedure, including the total evacuation time, the congestion time and the congestion degree. This study can help to gain a deeper understanding of residents’ behaviors under emergencies and improve emergency managements of urban communities.

scholarly journals Analysis of Emergency Evacuation Modal Choice Behavior with Spatial Indicators: Case Study in Xi’an, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7023
Author(s):  
Zhihao Duan ◽  
Jinliang Xu ◽  
Han Ru ◽  
Yaping Dong ◽  
Xingliang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Choice Behavior ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Modal Choice ◽  
Emergency Events ◽  
Spatial Indicators ◽  
The Impact

To reduce the impact of a natural or man-made disaster, an evacuation is often implemented to transfer the population in the potentially impacted area to a safe zone. Evacuation is an effective measure for dealing with emergency events. This paper presents a multinomial logit model for modal choice behavior in a short-notice emergency evacuation, which incorporates spatial indicators into the utility function. The study examined the determinants of evacuees’ modal choice for three evacuation distances and analyzed determinants impacting the mechanism of the modal choice decision process. The data collected in Xi’an was used to provide empirical evidence for the relationship between spatial indicators and modal choice behavior. The findings of this study will help emergency planners and policy-makers develop strategies for evacuation planning and will enable a better understanding of emergency modal choice behaviors.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis and Pedestrian Simulation Evaluation on Emergency Evacuation Test Methods for Urban Rail Transit Stations

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 535-542
Author(s):  
Zijia Wang ◽  
Feng Chen ◽  
Xiaohong Li
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Urban Rail Transit ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Survey Analysis ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Time Calculation ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Pedestrian Simulation

The emergency evacuation test method of rail transit station not only affects the operation safety of the station, but it also has significant influence on the scale and cost of the station. A reasonable test method should guarantee both the safety of evacuation and that the investment is neither excessive nor too conservative. The paper compares and analyzes the differences of the existing emergency evacuation test methods of rail stations in China and other regions on the evacuation load, evacuation time calculation and the capacity of egress components, etc. Based on the field survey analysis, the desired velocity distribution of pedestrians in various station facilities and the capacity of egress components have been obtained, and then the parameters of pedestrian simulation tool were calibrated. By selecting a station for the case study, an evacuation simulation model has been established, where five evacuation scenarios have been set according to different specifications and the simulation results have been carefully analyzed. Through analyzing the simulation results, some modification proposals of the current emergency evacuation test method in the design manual have been considered, including taking into account the section passenger volume, walking time on escalators and stairs of the platform, and the condition in which the escalator most critical to evacuation should be considered as out of service.

scholarly journals Multifactor Variance Assessment for Determining the Number of Repeat Simulation Runs in Evacuation Modelling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Smedberg ◽  
Michael Kinsey ◽  
Enrico Ronchi
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
First Case ◽  
Crowd Density ◽  
Single Factor Analysis ◽  
Verification Test ◽  
Holistic Assessment ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Evacuation Model

AbstractEvacuation models commonly employ pseudorandom sampling from distributions to represent the variability of human behaviour in the evacuation process, otherwise referred to as ‘behavioural uncertainty’. This paper presents a method based on functional analysis and inferential statistics to study the convergence of probabilistic evacuation model results to inform deciding how many repeat simulation runs are required for a given scenario. Compared to existing approaches which typically focus on measuring variance in evacuation times, the proposed method utilises multifactor variance to assess the convergence of a range of different evacuation model outputs, referred to as factors. The factors include crowd density, flowrates, occupant locations, exit usage, and queuing times. These factors were selected as they represent a range of means to assess variance in evacuation dynamics between repeat simulation runs and can be found in most evacuation models. The application of the method (along with a tool developed for its implementation) is demonstrated through two case studies. The first case study consists of an analysis of convergence in evacuation simulation results for a building including 1855 occupants. The second case study is a simple verification test aimed at demonstrating the capabilities of the method. Results from the case studies suggest that multifactor variance assessment provides a more holistic assessment of the variance in evacuation dynamics and results provided by an evacuation model compared to existing methods which adopt single factor analysis. This provides increased confidence in determining an appropriate number of repeat simulation runs to ensure key evacuation dynamics and results which may be influenced by pseudorandom sampling are represented.

Hybrid System for Generating Data on Human Flow in a Tsunami Disaster

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-357
Author(s):  
Takehiro Kashiyama ◽  
Yoshihide Sekimoto ◽  
Masao Kuwahara ◽  
Takuma Mitani ◽  
Shunichi Koshimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid System ◽  
Nankai Trough ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Human Flow ◽  
Evacuation Behaviors

Japan has suffered significant damage from countless earthquakes throughout its history. Thus, it is important to take prompt and effective measures against major future earthquakes predicted. Among the components of damage, measures against tsunamis are a top priority, as demonstrated by the catastrophic losses caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE). To date, many studies have been conducted on tsunamis to investigate detection, prediction of flooding, and models of evacuation behaviors. Therefore, this study sought to integrate the results of increasingly advanced research in various fields to construct a system that generates data on human flow during a tsunami disaster. We proceeded with a scenario assuming the Great Nankai Trough Earthquake and considered Kochi City as a case study to conduct a trial tsunami evacuation simulation. We validated and evaluated the evacuation behaviors as a scheme for utilizing knowledge of the ever-changing conditions of evacuation and conducted a visualization and analysis of the simulation results.

Study on Emergency Evacuation Ability of Exits in Public Assembly Places

2010 ◽  
Vol 29-32 ◽  
pp. 2540-2543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao Qian Dai ◽  
Tong Wang ◽  
Jin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Basic Parameter ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Pedestrian Evacuation ◽  
Evacuation Experiment

The state of pedestrian flow was observed for public assembly place exit. The basic parameter data of evacuation simulation obtained from the experiment. A compared result of evacuation experiment of special scene and evacuation simulation revised model parameters. Revised model simulated pedestrian evacuation was carried out in typical public assembly place. Research results of this paper provide scientific basis for exit design, risk analysis and emergency management.

Indoor and outdoor air quality monitoring in hemp house — Case study

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarmila Rimbalová ◽  
Silvia Vilčeková ◽  
Adriana Eštoková
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Outdoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor
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