scholarly journals Do Bus Rapid Transit Systems Improve Accessibility to Job Opportunities for the Poor? The Case of Lima, Peru

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Oviedo ◽  
Lynn Scholl ◽  
Marco Innao ◽  
Lauramaria Pedraza
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Double Difference ◽  
Bus Rapid Transit ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Policy Objective ◽  
The Poor ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The City

Investments in public transit infrastructure in Latin America and the Caribbean often aim to reduce spatial and social inequalities by improving accessibility to jobs and other opportunities for vulnerable populations. One of the central goals of Lima’s Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) project was to connect low-income populations living in the peripheries to jobs in the city center, a policy objective that has not yet been evaluated. Building on secondary datasets of employment, household socio-demographics and origin–destination surveys before and after the BRT began operations, this paper examines the contribution of Lima’s BRT system to accessibility to employment in the city, particularly for low-income public transit users. We estimated the effects on potential accessibility to employment, comparing impacts on lower versus higher income populations, and assessed the changes in location-based accessibility to employment before (2004) and after implementation (2012) for treatment and comparison groups. We found that the BRT line reduced travel times for commuters to reach jobs, in comparison with traditional public transport in the city. However, the coverage of the BRT declines in areas with high concentrations of poor populations, limiting the equitability of accessibility improvements. The analysis by socioeconomic sub-groups found positive effects of the BRT system on accessibility for the higher income areas. Relative to the control group, accessibility increased in the 10-km boundary area of the BRT by 0.01, a seven percent increase relative to the treatment baseline accessibility index in the higher socioeconomic (SES) areas of the city. In contrast, in the areas with high concentrations of lower SES populations, the double difference estimate indicated an 11 percent decrease relative to the baseline accessibility index (0.09). We build on case-specific findings and international literature to reflect on policy avenues to include the poor in the mobility benefits of BRT systems. These measures include targeted fare subsidies for low-income groups, fare integration with other forms of public transport that reduce the cost of transfers, and the increase of coverage of the BRT through the integration of stations with non-motorized infrastructure.

scholarly journals Do Bus Rapid Transit Systems Improve Accessibility to Job Opportunities for the Poor? The Case of Lima, Peru

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Oviedo ◽  
Lynn Scholl ◽  
Marco Innao ◽  
Lauramaria Pedraza
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Bus Rapid Transit ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The City

Investments in public transit infrastructure in Latin America and the Caribbean often aim to reduce spatial and social inequalities by improving accessibility to jobs and other opportunities for vulnerable populations. The Metropolitano, Lima’s Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) project had as one of its central goals to connect low-income populations living in the peripheries to jobs in the city center. We examine the contribution of Lima’s BRT system to accessibility to employment in the city, particularly for low-income public transit users. Building on secondary datasets of employment, household socio-demographics and Origin-Destination surveys before and after the BRT began operations, we assess its effects on potential accessibility to employment, comparing impacts amongst lower versus higher income populations. Findings suggest that the BRT line reduced travel times to reach jobs, in comparison with traditional public transport in the city, amongst populations living within walking distance of the system. However, we also find that the coverage of the BRT declines in areas with high concentrations of poor and extreme poor populations, limiting the equitability of the accessibility improvements. We analyze the distributional effects of BRT infrastructure and services, discussing policy avenues that can improve the prospects for BRT system investments to include the poor in their mobility benefits.

Does Investing in Rail Transit Benefit the Poor? A Comparative Study of Rail and Bus Travel by Low-Income Households in the California Household Travel Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (6) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Ryland Lu
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Bus Rapid Transit ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Travel Survey ◽  
Household Travel Survey ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Household Travel ◽  
Low Income Households

This paper addresses academic discourse that critiques urban rail transit projects for their regressive impacts on the poor and proposes bus funding as a more equitable investment for urban transit agencies. The author analyzed data from the 2012 California Household Travel Survey on transit trips in Los Angeles County. The author cross-tabulated data on the modal breakdown of transit trips by household income category and on the breakdown of household income associated with trips by bus and rail transit modes. The author also comparatively evaluated the speed of trips (as a ratio of miles per hour) taken by rail and by bus by low-income households in the county. The author found convincing evidence that, on average, trips low-income households made by rail transit covered a greater distance per hour than trips taken by bus transit, but that trips made on the county’s bus rapid transit services with dedicated rights-of-way had a higher mean speed than those taken by rail. Moreover, the mode and income cross-tabulations indicate that rail transit projects only partially serve low-income households’ travel needs. To the extent that equitable transit planning entails minimizing the disparities in access, both rail and bus rapid transit projects can advance social justice if they are targeted at corridors where they can serve travel demand by low-income, transit dependent households.

scholarly journals INTEGRATING NETWORK CONCEPT INTO MULTI CRITERIA ANALYSIS FOR SUGGESTING BUS RAPID TRANSIT ROUTES

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W16 ◽  
pp. 309-317
Author(s):  
N. L. Jamalul Shamsudin ◽  
M. F. Abdul Khanan ◽  
H. A. Umar ◽  
S. N. Atan ◽  
A. H. M. Din
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Bus Rapid Transit ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Alternative Routes ◽  
The City

Abstract. Population explosion in the city of Johor Bahru has led to traffic congestions, which hitherto to that there were better movements and flow of vehicles in and around the city. Road transportation in particular has played a gargantuan role in creating and maintaining easy and quick access to various destinations. Increases in the number of vehicle indicate a higher economic prosperity that contributes to traffic congestion within the city. This can be seen in a number of developments such as increased population density and creation of alternative routes over several years, which has still not totally eradicated the traffic congestion problems of the city. Ideally, a good public transport service would carry the passenger directly from their origin to their destination without having to face traffic congestion. The buses may not be available and accessible from certain origins or destinations of residents or they may need to walk some distances from their residents to the bus stops resulting into discouragement for most of the people using public transport services. This paper aims to utilise geospatial analysis approach to suggest effective bus routing that would be able to increase connectivity to rural areas and boost commercial activities through better transportation. Route selection is the process of finding locations that meet the selection criteria for each parameter using Geographic Information System (GIS). The process employs applied multi-criteria decision analysis and network analysis to generate thpsye highest score areas for bus rapid transit (BRT) route by maximising network and mobility and ensuring the newly suggested routes are connected to the existing networks of BRT to serve the community.

TOURISM MOBILITY AT THE SUMMER OLYMPIC GAMES RIO 2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Cabral ◽  
Carolin Lusby ◽  
Ricardo Uvinha
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Bus Rapid Transit ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Official Sources ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Sports Tourism as a segment is growing exponentially in Brazil. The sports mega-events that occurred in the period from 2007 to 2016 helped strengthen this sector significantly. This article examined tourism mobility during the Summer Olympic Games Rio 2016, hosted by the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This study expands the understanding of the relationship between tourism and city infrastructure, therefore being relevant to academics, professionals of the area and to the whole society due to its multidisciplinary field. The existence of a relationship between means of transportation and the Olympic regions as well as tourist attractions for a possible legacy was observed. Data were collected from official sources, field research and through participant-observation and semi structured interviews. Data were coded and analyzed. The results indicate that the city was overall successful in its execution of sufficient mobility. New means of transportation were added and others updated. BRT's (Bus Rapid Transit) were the main use of mass transport to Olympic sites. However, a lack of public transport access was observed for the touristic sites.

scholarly journals Bus Rapid Transit System Introduction in Johor Bahru: A Simulation-Based Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4437
Author(s):  
Sitti Asmah Hassan ◽  
Intan Nurfauzirah Shafiqah Hamzani ◽  
Abd. Ramzi Sabli ◽  
Nur Sabahiah Abdul Sukor
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Bus Rapid Transit ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Bus Priority ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Mobility Solution

Bus rapid transit (BRT) is one of the strategies to promote improvements in urban mobility. In this study, BRT scenarios, which integrate exclusive bus lanes and bus priority signal control in mixed traffic scenarios, were modelled using a VISSIM microsimulation. Three scenarios of BRT were modelled to represent 16:84, 38:62 and 54:46 modal splits between public transport and private vehicles. It was found that Scenario 4 (the 54:46 scenario) offers better benefits in terms of delay time saving and economic benefits. In general, it was found that the BRT system enhances the functioning of the transport system and provides people with faster and better mobility facilities, resulting in attractive social and economic benefits, especially on a higher modal split of public transport. It is regarded as one strategy to alleviate traffic congestion and reduce dependency on private vehicles. The finding of this study provides an insight on the effective concept of the BRT system, which may promote the dissemination of an urban mobility solution in the city. The results can help policymakers and local authorities in the management of a transport network in order to ensure reliable and sustainable transport.

scholarly journals Memasyarakatkan Bus Rapid Transit Trans Siginjai melalui komunitas dan media digital di Provinsi Jambi

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 310-316
Author(s):  
Haryadi Haryadi ◽  
Moh. Arief Rakhman
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Bus Rapid Transit ◽  
Multimedia Content ◽  
Mass Transportation ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Student Groups ◽  
The People ◽  
Potential Market ◽  
The City

In 2018 Trans Siginjai officially began operations in the city of Jambi, with a route connecting Jambi City with Muaro Jambi District. Passing the length of the route is 19 Km, passing through two large campuses in Jambi Province. Making this BRT (Bus Rapid Transit) mode has a potential market among the community of student groups. Preliminary observations were made and several studies showed that the 1 year period after the operation of the BRT showed a condition that was not optimal. The solution offered from the service done is to see how actually the transport facilities owned by Jambi Province have a lot of additional potential besides being the only mass transportation on this route. The potential that can be raised by the TransTiginjai BRT is Multiple effects of education, ecology, economics. the target of service is students and the community who live in the city of Jambi. The method used is by activating the local community and optimizing the use of digital media with the main output being various multimedia content. After the activities have not been made significant changes have occurred but there has been an increase in awareness among media users who are targeted for service, namely those from students. From the academic side, this service also tries to prove that the synergy of the community, academics and authorities is able to provide a real solution for a city and the people who live in it.

Activity Participation and Perceptions on Informal Public Transport and Bus Rapid Transit in Dar es Salaam

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (11) ◽  
pp. 573-583
Author(s):  
Lucy Joseph ◽  
An Neven ◽  
Karel Martens ◽  
Opportuna Kweka ◽  
Geert Wets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Bus Rapid Transit ◽  
Activity Participation ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Relative Contribution

This paper seeks to understand participation in out-of-home activities by inhabitants in Dar es Salaam, and their perceptions toward informal public transport (IPT) and bus rapid transit (BRT) in supporting these activities. Without fixed schedules, IPT (e.g., minibuses, motorcycles, and tricycles) is used as a means of transport for different trips. However, IPT is burdened by poor roads, traffic congestion, and high transport demand. Many developing cities are seeking to replace IPT with formal BRT lines. However, little is known in relation to the ability of IPT and BRT to support out-of-home activity participation of the inhabitants. This paper reports on a study in Dar es Salaam exploring the relative contribution of each type of service. The study took place before the opening of BRT, and encompasses focus group discussions, participatory geographical information systems, and questionnaires carried out in two study zones: one close to a BRT corridor and the other in a peri-urban location. The findings show that IPT was used to support participation in daily activities like work, education, shopping, and social matters; and was perceived to be flexible in providing access to both high and low density unplanned settlements. The BRT was viewed to benefit specific groups of people, especially individuals working in permanent offices in and around the city center, particularly professional workers. This paper sheds light on how the two systems were perceived by the local people and can inform policy makers about possible improvements in public transport systems to support activity participation of their inhabitants.

3B Rapid Transit: Yangzhou’s Ecology-Based Urban Development Research

2011 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
Yu Jing Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Transport ◽  
Pattern Language ◽  
Bus Rapid Transit ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Main Mode ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Development And Utilization ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
The City

The paper considers the development and utilization of the Yangzhou’s Canal is not enough, the city's achievements in building a far cry from the once glorious, now can not meet the future transport planning has been far from development. This paper then made twenty creative pattern language to develop the city's green transport, including the characteristics of canal traffic and the bike and bus rapid transit system as the city's main mode of transport, to create a set of Boats, Buses, Bikes (3B Rapid Transit) in one of the three healthy, environmentally friendly urban transport network, reshaping the image of the city, another city of glory.

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