Prediction and Analysis of the Relationship between Energy Mix Structure and Electric Vehicles Holdings Based on Carbon Emission Reduction Constraint: A Case in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, China

In response to air pollution problems caused by carbon emissions, electric vehicles are widely promoted in China. Since thermal power generation is the main form of power generation, the large-scale development of electric vehicles is equivalent to replacing oil with coal, which will accordingly result in carbon emissions increasing if the scale of electric vehicles exceeds a certain limit. A relationship model between regional energy mix structure and electric vehicles holdings under the constraint of carbon emission reduction is established to perform a quantitative analysis of the limitation mechanism. In order to measure the scale of the future electric vehicle market under the constraint of carbon emissions reduction, a method called Extreme Learning Machine optimized by Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO-ELM) with higher precision than Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) is proposed to predict the power structure and the trend of electric vehicle development in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2019–2030. The calculation results show that the maximum number of electric vehicles must not exceed 19,340,000 and 26,867,171 based on emissions reduction aims and also the predicted energy mix structure in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in 2020 and 2030. At this time, the ratio of electric vehicles to traditional car ownership is 75.6% and 78.3%. The proportion of clean energy generation should reach 0.314 and 0.323 to match a complete replacement of traditional fuel vehicles for electric vehicles. A substantial increase in clean energy generation is needed so that the large-scale promotion of electric vehicles can still achieve the goal of carbon reduction. Therefore, this article will be helpful for policy-making on electric vehicle development scale and energy mix structure in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.

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Research on the cost effectiveness of carbon emission reduction in the full life cycle of electric vehicles based on grey prediction

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/202235502031 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 355 ◽

pp. 02031

Author(s):

Lizhuo Zang ◽

Baihui Xiao ◽

Jiayi Ma ◽

Yufan Liu ◽

Peiyu Tian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Electric Vehicle ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Emission Reduction ◽

Carbon Emission ◽

Unit Cost ◽

Grey Prediction ◽

Positive Role ◽

Carbon Emission Reduction

In order to research the carbon emission reduction potential of electric vehicles, a cost effectiveness model is used to calculate and compare the economic costs and carbon emissions of fuel vehicles and electric vehicles throughout the life cycle, and an improved grey prediction model is utilized to analyze the future trends of electric vehicle emission reduction benefits. The results show that electric vehicles play a positive role in carbon emission reduction, and the unit cost of carbon emission reduction is decreasing by years. Therefore, China should vigorously develop the electric vehicle industry and technology, and achieve the strategic goal of carbon emission reduction by promoting the electrification of vehicles.

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Optimization Model of Emission Reduction Benefits Based on Integrated Development of Electric Vehicle and Power Grid

10.20944/preprints202110.0245.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zhao Jia ◽

Fang Haifeng ◽

Zhu Yueyan ◽

Li Yueke ◽

Chen Yisong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electric Vehicle ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Automobile Industry ◽

Optimization Model ◽

Emission Reduction ◽

Large Scale ◽

Power Grid ◽

Storage Unit ◽

Integrated Development ◽

Power Load

Under the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, the carbon emission reduction of the automobile industry has attracted more and more attention in recent years. Electric vehicle has the dual attributes of power load and energy storage unit. With the increase of the number of electric vehicles, reducing carbon emissions through the collaborative interaction between electric vehicle and power network will become an important way to control carbon emissions in the automotive field. In this study, an optimization model of emission reduction benefits based on integrated development of electric vehicle and power grid is proposed, which explores the best technical way of synergy between power grid and electric vehicle, achieves the best carbon reduction effect and provides a model basis for large-scale demonstration application. Numerical simulations based on the real case in Beijing are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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How to Set the Proper CO2 Reduction Targets for the Provincial Building Sector of China?

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su122410432 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (24) ◽

pp. 10432

Author(s):

Qingwei Shi ◽

Hong Ren ◽

Weiguang Cai ◽

Jingxin Gao

Keyword(s):

Energy Saving ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Emission Reduction ◽

Carbon Emission ◽

National Level ◽

Clean Energy ◽

Energy Structure ◽

Building Sector ◽

Emission Abatement

The improvement of the energy and carbon emission efficiency of activities in the building sector is the key to China’s realization of the Paris Agreement. We can explore effective emission abatement approaches for the building sector by evaluating the carbon emissions and energy efficiency of construction activities, measuring the emission abatement potential of construction activities across the country and regions, and measuring the marginal abatement cost (MAC) of China and various regions. This study calculates the energy and carbon emissions performance of the building sector of 30 provinces and regions in China from 2005 to 2015, measures the dynamic changes in the energy-saving potential and carbon emission performance of the building sector, conducts relevant verification, and estimates the MAC of the building sector by using the slacks-based measure-directional distance function. The level of energy consumption per unit of the building sector of China has been decreasing yearly, but the energy structure has changed minimally (considering that clean energy is used). The total factor technical efficiency of the building sector of various provinces, cities, and regions is generally low, as verified in the evaluation of the energy-saving and emission abatement potential of the building sector of China. The energy saving and emission abatement of the building sector of China have great potential—that is, in approximately 50% of the total emissions of the building sector of China. In particular, Northeast and North China account for more than 50% of the total energy-saving and emission abatement potential. The study of the CO2 emissions and MAC of the building sector indicates that the larger the CO2 emissions are, the smaller MAC will be. The emission abatement efficiency is proportional to MAC. Based on this research, it can be more equitable and effective in formulating provincial emission reduction policy targets at the national level, and can maximize the contribution of the building sector of various provinces to the national carbon emission reduction.

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Research on carbon emission potential of electric vehicles and fuel vehicles

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202123601025 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 236 ◽

pp. 01025

Author(s):

Qiang Zhou ◽

Wanfu Liu ◽

Wuqin Qi

Keyword(s):

Power Generation ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Emission Reduction ◽

Carbon Emission ◽

Reduction Potential ◽

Energy Structure ◽

Carbon Reduction ◽

Generation Structure ◽

Coal Power

Electric vehicles are considered as a effective tool for energy conservation and emission reduction, Because of its zero direct carbon emissions. However, thermal power generation accounts for a large proportion in China's power generation structure, so the indirect carbon emissions of electric vehicles must be considered. In order to further study the carbon emission potential of electric vehicles compared with traditional fuel vehicles, the direct carbon emission of fuel vehicles and the indirect carbon emission of battery electric vehicles were calculated. The results show that the carbon reduction effect of electric vehicles is obvious, and the coal power technology and the energy structure of power generation have great influence on the carbon reduction potential of electric vehicles. Based on this, suggestions are put forward to promote electric vehicles and fully release their emission reduction potential from the aspects of enhancing consumers' perception of social value, improving energy structure and improving coal power technology.

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Analysis and Quantitative Evaluation of Power Grid Corporation’s Carbon Emission Reduction Potential

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.2624 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1073-1076 ◽

pp. 2624-2629

Author(s):

Xiao Xuan Zhang ◽

Li Ma ◽

Su Yang ◽

Tao Cai

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Evaluation ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Emission Reduction ◽

Carbon Emission ◽

Reduction Potential ◽

Power Grid ◽

Emissions Reduction ◽

Carbon Emission Reduction ◽

Emission Reduction Potential ◽

Carbon Emissions Reduction

As an important part of energy industry, power grid plays a pivotal and irreplaceable role in promoting low-carbon development. In this paper, the carbon emission reduction potential of power grid corporation was systematically analyzed from qualitative and quantitative perspectives respectively. First, this paper discussed the pathways of power grid corporation’s carbon emissions reduction, including decreasing line loss, promoting clean energy development, and so on. Then, a quantitative evaluation model for carbon emissions reduction potential of power grid corporation was developed. Based on the model, the carbon emission reduction benefits that promoted and achieved by State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC) in 2010 and 2015 were calculated. The results show that the carbon emission reduction benefits of SGCC is 138 million tons in 2010, and will be 481.8 million tons in 2015.

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Carbon emission reduction technologies in China

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202125701009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 257 ◽

pp. 01009

Author(s):

Xintong Zhang ◽

Longshan Fu ◽

Yu Huang

Keyword(s):

Solar Energy ◽

Wind Power ◽

Carbon Storage ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Emission Reduction ◽

Carbon Capture ◽

Nuclear Energy ◽

Carbon Emission ◽

Clean Energy ◽

Carbon Emission Reduction

Environmental pollution is mainly caused by carbon emissions, so carbon emission reduction is our top priority now. Carbon-containing greenhouse gas emissions mainly come from the following aspects: (1) fossil fuel combustion; (2) leakage and volatilization in the process of fuel extraction, processing, transportation, and industrial utilization; (3) traditional biomass fuel combustion. The greenhouse effect will cause an increase in temperature, the rise of sea level, and the reduction of biodiversity. Due to little or no carbon emissions, new energy is a current research direction. It mainly includes wind energy, solar energy, hydropower, nuclear energy, and biological energy. Among them, wind power technology is quite mature, and the cost of wind power has become competitive in the market. Solar energy is an inexhaustible, nonpolluting, renewable, and clean energy source, which is gradually entering the stage of large-scale development. Hydropower is clean energy, renewable, pollution-free, and low operating costs. Nuclear energy is characterized by high efficiency and low carbon, coming from the fission energy released by the fission reaction of the fissionable material (nuclear fuel) in the nuclear reactor. Biomass resources can be divided into four categories: forest resources, crop straws, poultry manure, and household garbage, and its biggest feature is its renewability. Besides, carbon capture and carbon storage are other ways to reduce carbon emissions. Carbon capture uses chemical adsorption, physical adsorption, adsorption separation, and membrane separation to capture carbon dioxide. Carbon storage injects supercritical CO2 into a closed geological structure containing oil, gas, water, or non-commercial coal seams through pipeline technology to form long-term or permanent CO2 storage

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Review on Optimal Siting of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure

Journal of Scientific Research and Reports ◽

10.9734/jsrr/2019/v25i1-230175 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Ahmadu Adamu Galadima ◽

Tahir Aja Zarma ◽

Maruf A. Aminu

Keyword(s):

Electric Vehicle ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Large Scale ◽

Distribution Network ◽

Clean Energy ◽

Optimal Placement ◽

Maintenance Cost ◽

Charging Infrastructure ◽

Electric Vehicle Charging ◽

Vehicle Charging

Concerns about the need for clean energy and the need to reduce green-house gases have led researchers and engineers to explore adoption of electric vehicle technology. Electric vehicles hold a promising future due to their efficiency, low maintenance cost and zero carbon emission. Unfortunately, due to metric range drawbacks associated with electric vehicles, large scale adoption of electric vehicles still remains relatively low. To solve this issue of range anxiety, optimal placement and sizing methods of electric vehicle infrastructure is essential. This paper presents a review of optimal siting of electric vehicle charging infrastructure. It discusses impacts of electric vehicle charging loads on the distribution network and how large scale electric vehicle penetration would affect the grid. Further, the benefits of electric vehicles on the distribution network as well as the integration of renewable energy resources are presented.

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Carbon Emission Estimation of Assembled Composite Concrete Beams during Construction

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14071810 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 1810

Author(s):

Kaitong Xu ◽

Haibo Kang ◽

Wei Wang ◽

Ping Jiang ◽

Na Li

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Emission Reduction ◽

Carbon Emission ◽

Composite Beams ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Construction Process ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Carbon Emission Reduction ◽

The Government

At present, the issue of carbon emissions from buildings has become a hot topic, and carbon emission reduction is also becoming a political and economic contest for countries. As a result, the government and researchers have gradually begun to attach great importance to the industrialization of low-carbon and energy-saving buildings. The rise of prefabricated buildings has promoted a major transformation of the construction methods in the construction industry, which is conducive to reducing the consumption of resources and energy, and of great significance in promoting the low-carbon emission reduction of industrial buildings. This article mainly studies the calculation model for carbon emissions of the three-stage life cycle of component production, logistics transportation, and on-site installation in the whole construction process of composite beams for prefabricated buildings. The construction of CG-2 composite beams in Fujian province, China, was taken as the example. Based on the life cycle assessment method, carbon emissions from the actual construction process of composite beams were evaluated, and that generated by the composite beam components during the transportation stage by using diesel, gasoline, and electric energy consumption methods were compared in detail. The results show that (1) the carbon emissions generated by composite beams during the production stage were relatively high, accounting for 80.8% of the total carbon emissions, while during the transport stage and installation stage, they only accounted for 7.6% and 11.6%, respectively; and (2) during the transportation stage with three different energy-consuming trucks, the carbon emissions from diesel fuel trucks were higher, reaching 186.05 kg, followed by gasoline trucks, which generated about 115.68 kg; electric trucks produced the lowest, only 12.24 kg.

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Consumer willingness-to-pay for restaurant surcharges to reduce carbon emissions: default and information effects

Agricultural and Resource Economics Review ◽

10.1017/age.2021.7 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-29

Author(s):

Dede Long ◽

Grant H. West ◽

Rodolfo M. Nayga

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Willingness To Pay ◽

Contingent Valuation ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Emission Reduction ◽

Carbon Emission ◽

Dichotomous Choice ◽

Carbon Reduction ◽

The Mean ◽

Agriculture And Food

Abstract The agriculture and food sectors contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. About 15 percent of food-related carbon emissions are channeled through restaurants. Using a contingent valuation (CV) method with double-bounded dichotomous choice (DBDC) questions, this article investigates U.S. consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for an optional restaurant surcharge in support of carbon emission reduction programs. The mean estimated WTP for a surcharge is 6.05 percent of an average restaurant check, while the median WTP is 3.64 percent. Our results show that individuals have a higher WTP when the surcharge is automatically added to restaurant checks. We also find that an information nudge—a short climate change script—significantly increases WTP. Additionally, our results demonstrate that there is heterogeneity in treatment effects across consumers’ age, environmental awareness, and economic views. Our findings suggest that a surcharge program could transfer a meaningful amount of the agricultural carbon reduction burden to consumers that farmers currently shoulder.

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Pricing Decisions of CSR Closed-Loop Supply Chains with Carbon Emission Constraints

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su10124430 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 4430 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Tong Shu ◽

Qian Liu ◽

Shou Chen ◽

Shouyang Wang ◽

Kin Lai

Keyword(s):

Corporate Social Responsibility ◽

Social Responsibility ◽

Social Welfare ◽

Supply Chains ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Emission Reduction ◽

Carbon Emission ◽

Closed Loop ◽

Closed Loop Supply Chains ◽

Corporate Social

Global warming has become a growing concern for countries around the world. Currently, the direct way to solve this issue is to curb carbon emissions. Governments and enterprises should assume the social responsibility to conserve the environment. Under the background of carbon emission constraint, this article investigates the optimal decisions of closed-loop supply chains in the context of social responsibility, explores the impacts of constraints of carbon emissions and corporate social responsibility on recycling and remanufacturing decisions, and introduces the model of maximizing social welfare for further comparison and analysis. The results show that the coefficient of remanufacturing and emission reduction and the coefficient of government reward and punishment are inversely proportional to recycling rates and the total carbon emissions. Governments should formulate rational carbon emission caps for enterprises with different coefficients of remanufacturing and emission reduction. Additionally, corporate social responsibility has a positive effect on recycling rates, and a rise in its strength can lead to a fall in carbon emissions per unit product. In terms of product recycling and profit sources, the model of maximizing social welfare is superior to that of maximizing the manufacturer’s total profits, which provides new managerial insights for decision-makers.

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