Study of a Li-Ion Cell Kinetics in Five Regions to Predict Li Plating Using a Pseudo Two-Dimensional Model

Detecting or predicting lithium plating in Li-ion cells and subsequently suppressing or preventing it have been the aim of many researches as it directly contributes to the aging, safety, and life-time of the cell. Although abundant influencing parameters on lithium deposition are already known, more information is still needed in order to predict this phenomenon and prevent it in time. It is observed that balancing in a Li-ion cell can play an important role in controlling lithium plating. In this work, five regions are defined with the intention of covering all the zones participating in the charge transfer from one electrode to the other during cell cycling. We employ a pseudo two-dimensional (P2D) cell model including two irreversible side reactions of solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation and lithium plating (Li-P) as the anode aging mechanisms. With the help of simulated data and the Nernst–Einstein relation, ionic conductivities of the regions are calculated separately. Calculation results show that by aging the cell, more deviation between ionic conductivities of cathode and anode takes place which leads to the start of Li plating.

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Influence of VC and FEC Additives on Interphase Properties of Carbon in Li-Ion Cells Investigated by Combined EIS & EQCM-D

10.26434/chemrxiv.12052803.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Paul Kitz ◽

Matthew Lacey ◽

Petr Novák ◽

Erik Berg

Keyword(s):

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Solid Electrolyte Interphase ◽

Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance ◽

Gas Analysis ◽

Side Reactions ◽

Ion Diffusion ◽

Battery Cell ◽

Anode Passivation ◽

Order Of Magnitude ◽

Li Ion

<div>The electrolyte additives vinylene carbonate (VC) and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) are well known for increasing the lifetime of a Li-ion battery cell by supporting the formation of an effective solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) at the anode. In this study combined simultaneous electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and <i>operando</i> electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (EQCM-D) are employed together with <i>in situ</i> gas analysis (OEMS) to study the influence of VC and FEC on the passivation process and the interphase properties at carbon-based anodes. In small quantities both additives reduce the initial interphase mass loading by 30 to 50 %, but only VC also effectively prevents continuous side reactions and improves anode passivation significantly. VC and FEC are both reduced at potentials above 1 V vs. Li<sup>+</sup>/Li in the first cycle and change the SEI composition which causes an increase of the SEI shear storage modulus by over one order of magnitude in both cases. As a consequence, the ion diffusion coefficient and conductivity in the interphase is also significantly affected. While small quantities of VC in the initial electrolyte increase the SEI conductivity, FEC decomposition products hinder charge transport through the SEI and thus increase overall anode impedance significantly. </div>

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Research on metallic chalcogen-functionalized monolayer-puckered V2CX2 (X = S, Se, and Te) as promising Li-ion battery anode materials

Materials Chemistry Frontiers ◽

10.1039/d1qm00422k ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chunmei Tang ◽

Xiaoxu Wang ◽

Shengli Zhang

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Anode Materials ◽

Large Surface Area ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Li Ion Batteries ◽

Li Ion Battery ◽

Li Ion ◽

Battery Anode

Two-dimensional MXene nanomaterials are promising anode materials for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their excellent conductivity, large surface area, and high Li capability.

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Investigating the Factors Affecting the Ionic Conduction in Nanoconfined NaBH4

Inorganics ◽

10.3390/inorganics9010002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 2

Author(s):

Xiaoxuan Luo ◽

Aditya Rawal ◽

Kondo-Francois Aguey-Zinsou

Keyword(s):

Ionic Conductivity ◽

Ionic Conduction ◽

Metal Hydrides ◽

Ionic Conductivities ◽

Effective Strategy ◽

Li Ion Batteries ◽

Large Cage ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Li Ion ◽

Mcm 41

Nanoconfinement is an effective strategy to tune the properties of the metal hydrides. It has been extensively employed to modify the ionic conductivity of LiBH4 as an electrolyte for Li-ion batteries. However, the approach does not seem to be applicable to other borohydrides such as NaBH4, which is found to reach a limited improvement in ionic conductivity of 10−7 S cm−1 at 115 °C upon nanoconfinement in Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41 (MCM-41) instead of 10−8 S cm−1. In comparison, introducing large cage anions in the form of Na2B12H12 naturally formed upon the nanoconfinement of NaBH4 was found to be more effective in leading to higher ionic conductivities of 10−4 S cm−1 at 110 °C.

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Two-dimensional SnO2 anchored biomass-derived carbon nanosheet anode for high-performance Li-ion capacitors

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/d1ra00822f ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (17) ◽

pp. 10018-10026

Author(s):

Chang Liu ◽

Zeyin He ◽

Jianmin Niu ◽

Qiang Cheng ◽

Zongchen Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

High Energy ◽

Good Combination ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Power Characteristics ◽

Coffee Grounds ◽

Lithium Ion Capacitor ◽

Li Ion

In this work, we have fabricated lithium-ion capacitor using SnO2/PCN as anode and waste coffee grounds derived PCN as cathode, which delivers good combination of high energy and power characteristics.

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Application of the Burnable Poison in the Design of Space Nuclear Reactor

Volume 3: Nuclear Fuel and Material, Reactor Physics and Transport Theory; Innovative Nuclear Power Plant Design and New Technology Application ◽

10.1115/icone25-66393 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Wang SanBing ◽

Xie Qilin ◽

He ChaoHui

Keyword(s):

Neutron Spectrum ◽

Nuclear Reactor ◽

Operation Time ◽

Life Time ◽

Stable Operation ◽

Burnable Poison ◽

Calculation Results ◽

Homogeneous Reactor ◽

In The Beginning ◽

Criticality Safety

The previous research showed that the application of burnable poison was helpful to improve the criticality safety of space nuclear reactor (SNR). In order to analyze the worth of burnable poison in the SNR’s design, a model of homogeneous reactor had firstly been built based on the design of SAFE400. Comparing its difference with the real design of SAFE400 through criticality calculation, the precise of our model had been verified. Then the influence of the criticality parameters and immersion accident character parameters for this model had been analyzed for the application of the different burnable poisons (such as samarium, europium or gadolinium). The calculation results had shown that the application of the most of the burnable poisons would soften the neutron spectrum and induced a decrement of reactor’s keff in the beginning of life. However, the immersion accident analysis gave out another result that only the reactor using gadolinium could ensure the criticality safety of reactor after it made its initial keff equal with the design value. Meanwhile, compared with the initial design of SAFE400, in one hand, the burn-up results had shown that the decrement of homogeneous reactor’s reactivity using gadolinium as burnable poison was deceased after the 10 years full power operation; in other hand, its neutron spectrum became more softer with the operation time; and what’s more important, the amount of the burnable poison was not decreased with burn-up during its service life-time. These results implied that the application of the burnable poison (especially for gadolinium) could highly ensure the criticality safety and stable operation of SNR.

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A two-dimensional analytical unit cell model for redox flow battery evaluation and optimization

Journal of Power Sources ◽

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.230192 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 506 ◽

pp. 230192

Author(s):

Yunxiang Chen ◽

Jie Bao ◽

Zhijie Xu ◽

Peiyuan Gao ◽

Litao Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Model ◽

Unit Cell ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Redox Flow Battery ◽

Unit Cell Model ◽

Flow Battery

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Aging Mechanisms of Electrode Materials in Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2015/104673 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Cheng Lin ◽

Aihua Tang ◽

Hao Mu ◽

Wenwei Wang ◽

Chun Wang

Keyword(s):

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

Electrode Materials ◽

Electrochemical Behaviour ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Carbon Anode ◽

Side Reactions ◽

Metallic Oxide ◽

Lithium Ions ◽

Aging Mechanisms

Electrode material aging leads to a decrease in capacity and/or a rise in resistance of the whole cell and thus can dramatically affect the performance of lithium-ion batteries. Furthermore, the aging phenomena are extremely complicated to describe due to the coupling of various factors. In this review, we give an interpretation of capacity/power fading of electrode-oriented aging mechanisms under cycling and various storage conditions for metallic oxide-based cathodes and carbon-based anodes. For the cathode of lithium-ion batteries, the mechanical stress and strain resulting from the lithium ions insertion and extraction predominantly lead to structural disordering. Another important aging mechanism is the metal dissolution from the cathode and the subsequent deposition on the anode. For the anode, the main aging mechanisms are the loss of recyclable lithium ions caused by the formation and increasing growth of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and the mechanical fatigue caused by the diffusion-induced stress on the carbon anode particles. Additionally, electrode aging largely depends on the electrochemical behaviour under cycling and storage conditions and results from both structural/morphological changes and side reactions aggravated by decomposition products and protic impurities in the electrolyte.

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Two-dimensional Ti 3 C 2 as anode material for Li-ion batteries

Electrochemistry Communications ◽

10.1016/j.elecom.2014.07.026 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 80-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 240

Author(s):

Dandan Sun ◽

Mingshan Wang ◽

Zhengyang Li ◽

Guangxin Fan ◽

Li-Zhen Fan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anode Material ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Li Ion Batteries ◽

Li Ion

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An Adaptive Tracking Algorithm for Convection in Simulated and Remote Sensing Data

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology ◽

10.1175/jamc-d-20-0119.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 513-526

Author(s):

Bhupendra A. Raut ◽

Robert Jackson ◽

Mark Picel ◽

Scott M. Collis ◽

Martin Bergemann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Simulated Data ◽

Remote Sensing Data ◽

Life Cycles ◽

Tracking Algorithm ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Computationally Efficient ◽

Convective Systems ◽

Object Based ◽

Modular Platform ◽

Convective Cells

AbstractA robust and computationally efficient object tracking algorithm is developed by incorporating various tracking techniques. Physical properties of the objects, such as brightness temperature or reflectivity, are not considered. Therefore, the algorithm is adaptable for tracking convection-like features in simulated data and remotely sensed two-dimensional images. In this algorithm, a first guess of the motion, estimated using the Fourier phase shift, is used to predict the candidates for matching. A disparity score is computed for each target–candidate pair. The disparity also incorporates overlapping criteria in the case of large objects. Then the Hungarian method is applied to identify the best pairs by minimizing the global disparity. The high-disparity pairs are unmatched, and their target and candidate are declared expired and newly initiated objects, respectively. They are tested for merger and split on the basis of their size and overlap with the other objects. The sensitivity of track duration is shown for different disparity and size thresholds. The paper highlights the algorithm’s ability to study convective life cycles using radar and simulated data over Darwin, Australia. The algorithm skillfully tracks individual convective cells (a few pixels in size) and large convective systems. The duration of tracks and cell size are found to be lognormally distributed over Darwin. The evolution of size and precipitation types of isolated convective cells is presented in the Lagrangian perspective. This algorithm is part of a vision for a modular platform [viz., TINT is not TITAN (TINT) and Tracking and Object-Based Analysis of Clouds (tobac)] that will evolve into a sustainable choice to analyze atmospheric features.

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