scholarly journals Assessing the Environmental Benefits of Dry Port Usage: A Case of Inland Container Transport in Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurtulus ◽  
Cetin
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Event ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Modal Shift ◽  
Empty Container ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Container Movement ◽  
The Impact

Inland transportation of maritime freight conducted by trucks creates extensive emissions. These emissions can be mitigated by using intermodal-rail transport through dry ports. In that regard, this study evaluated the environmental benefits of dry port usage by using discrete event simulation modelling. The results show that the current level of dry port-based intermodal transportation decreases greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 5.79% compared to transportation of all containers on the road. Evaluating the impact of the electrified railway line on the GHG emissions revealed unexpected results; the electrification of the railway line would decrease GHG emissions only by 0.06%. The improvements in empty container movement and scheduling slightly reduced GHG emissions by 0.69% and 0.63% respectively, however, highest GHG emissions reduction resulted from modal shift by 6.56%. This study extended the previous literature by assessing not only the environmental benefits of dry port usage but also its effects on train capacity usage, while taking the empty container movement into account.

scholarly journals Impacts of Autonomous Vehicles on Greenhouse Gas Emissions—Positive or Negative?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5567
Author(s):  
Moneim Massar ◽  
Imran Reza ◽  
Syed Masiur Rahman ◽  
Sheikh Muhammad Habib Abdullah ◽  
Arshad Jamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Interval Estimate ◽  
Modal Shift ◽  
Vehicle Mile Travel ◽  
Emission Changes ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

The potential effects of autonomous vehicles (AVs) on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are uncertain, although numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate the impact. This paper aims to synthesize and review all the literature regarding the topic in a systematic manner to eliminate the bias and provide an overall insight, while incorporating some statistical analysis to provide an interval estimate of these studies. This paper addressed the effect of the positive and negative impacts reported in the literature in two categories of AVs: partial automation and full automation. The positive impacts represented in AVs’ possibility to reduce GHG emission can be attributed to some factors, including eco-driving, eco traffic signal, platooning, and less hunting for parking. The increase in vehicle mile travel (VMT) due to (i) modal shift to AVs by captive passengers, including elderly and disabled people and (ii) easier travel compared to other modes will contribute to raising the GHG emissions. The result shows that eco-driving and platooning have the most significant contribution to reducing GHG emissions by 35%. On the other side, easier travel and faster travel significantly contribute to the increase of GHG emissions by 41.24%. Study findings reveal that the positive emission changes may not be realized at a lower AV penetration rate, where the maximum emission reduction might take place within 60–80% of AV penetration into the network.

Using simulation modelling to test the impact of future demand for end-of-life care

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen Florence Pepler ◽  
Janet Davidson ◽  
Douglas McGregor ◽  
Keith Poore ◽  
Stephen Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
End Of Life Care ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Models Of Care ◽  
Life Care ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Care Models ◽  
The Impact

Health systems globally are exploring new models of care to address the increasing demand for palliative, hospice, and end-of-life care. Yet few tools exist at the population level to explore “what if” scenarios and test, in a “cost avoidance environment,” the impact of these new care models on policy, workforce, technology, and funding. This article introduces the application of scenario-based “what if” thinking and discrete event simulation in strategic planning for a not-for-profit hospice organization. It will describe how a set of conceptual models was designed to frame discussions between strategic partners about the implications and alternatives in implementing a new, integrated service model for palliative and end-of-life care.

Discrete event simulation modelling to evaluate the impact of a quality improvement initiative on patient flow in a paediatric emergency department

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth W McKinley ◽  
John Babineau ◽  
Cindy G Roskind ◽  
Meridith Sonnett ◽  
Quynh Doan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Discrete Event Simulation ◽  
Patient Flow ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Quality Improvement Initiative ◽  
Event Simulation ◽  
Specific Protocol ◽  
Time Specific ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveWe developed a discrete event simulation model to evaluate the impact on system flow of a quality improvement (QI) initiative that included a time-specific protocol to decrease the time to antibiotic delivery for children with cancer and central venous catheters who present to a paediatric ED with fever.MethodsThe model was based on prospective observations and retrospective review of ED processes during the maintenance phase of the QI initiative between January 2016 and June 2017 in a large, urban, academic children’s hospital in New York City, USA. We compared waiting time for full evaluation (WT) and length of stay (LOS) between a model with and a model without the protocol. We then gradually increased the proportion of patients receiving the protocol in the model and recorded changes in WT and LOS.ResultsWe validated model outputs against administrative data from 2016, with no statistically significant differences in average WT or LOS for any emergency severity index (ESI). There were no statistically significant differences in these flow metrics between the model with and the model without the protocol. By increasing the proportion of total patients receiving this protocol, from 0.2% to 1.3%, the WT increased by 2.8 min (95% CI: 0.6 to 5.0) and 7.6 min (95% CI: 2.0 to 13.2) for ESI 2 and ESI 3 patients, respectively. This represents a 14.0% increase in WT for ESI 3 patients.ConclusionsSimulation modelling facilitated the testing of system effects for a time-specific protocol implemented in a large, urban, academic paediatric ED, showing no significant impact on patient flow. The model suggests system resilience, demonstrating no detrimental effect on WT until there is a 7-fold increase in the proportion of patients receiving the protocol.

scholarly journals The Willingness to Pay for Residential PV Plants in Italy: A Discrete Choice Experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10544
Author(s):  
Paolo Bragolusi ◽  
Chiara D’Alpaos
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
The Impact

PV energy generates economic and environmental benefits (e.g., energy cost-saving, GHG emissions reduction, etc.), which can be capitalized into market prices. There is, therefore, growing interest in assessing the value that PV systems add to solar homes (i.e., homes equipped with PV production plants) market prices. Although the number of solar homes has experienced rapid growth in Europe and Italy, literature investigating the impact of PV power plants on home values is still very limited. This paper aims to fill this gap. We implement a Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) approach to estimate individuals’ WTP for different typologies of domestic PV plants, which vary in technical characteristics. Our findings show that homebuyers are willing to pay a price premium for solar homes, ranging from some 3% to some 15%, depending on PV panels’ characteristics. These results can provide a wealth of recommendations to different interested parties such as homeowners, homebuyers, realtors, and governments, seeking knowledge on the capitalization effect of residential PV plants on the housing market to implement cost-effective investment strategies or design optimal policy incentives.

scholarly journals Optimization of road speed-sectioning by assessing the impact of a road speed limitation sign

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Olivier Vandanjon ◽  
Alex Coiret ◽  
Emir Deljanin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Modal Shift ◽  
Road Speed ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Optimization Loop ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Progressive Optimization

Energy consumed by road vehicles has a high impact on climate changes; indeed this energy use accounts for 23% of total energy-related Green House Gases (GHG) emissions of 2014 global GHG emissions. GHG emissions are growing constantly year after year, in spite of global objectives (COP) and researches on vehicle efficiency and modal shift. The contribution of the infrastructure to lower this energy is less studied, since it is often seen as immuable or too costly. This paper aims to demonstrate that simple and low-cost solutions exist for that purpose. Particularly a methodology has been developed, based on an optimization of the speed layout over an itinerary in order to improve the eco- driving potential of a given road infrastructure. The key point of this work is that inconsistency often exists between vehicle dynamics, road longitudinal profile and changes in regulation speeds. These changes in speed are defining the speed- sectioning of a route, and an optimization of this speed-sectioning can be easily carried out while displacing or modifying speed signs. The objective of this study is to build an optimized speed sectioning which minimizes the fuel consumption for realistic traffic and various driver behaviors, while maintaining the required safety levels. A progressive optimization loop has been worked out with a Python script including an embedded microscopic road traffic simulator. As a result, an optimized speed-sectioning is leading to a gain of 227 ml for 60 minutes of simulated flow of 100 veh/h/lane, for a modification of a single speed changing point. The overall benefits are reduced energy consumption, air pollution and noise which otherwise would have been produced by braking. This work brings an effective optimization tool for road managers and its practical application is passive and inexpensive. This methodology is suitable for rural and urbanized territories and easily adaptable to any type of traffic in various countries. In perspectives, the optimization process could be extended to a full road route and to a wide range of different speed-sectioning layouts.

scholarly journals An integrated simulation modelling approach for a warehouse 4.0

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Ferrari ◽  
Giovanni Zenezini ◽  
Antonio Carlin ◽  
Carlo Rafele
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Industrial Robots ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Integrated Simulation ◽  
Event Simulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage

Abstract In a progressively unstable business environment characterized by customers' demand challenging to predict, innovative solutions must be developed to respond to the growing need for flexibility in supply chain operations. In this scenario, the innovations of Industry 4.0 allow exploiting new methods for the development, management, and improvement of processes. Supply chain operations can significantly benefit from implementing one of these innovations, namely Warehouse automation, which is composed of automated retrieval and storage systems (AS/RS) and mobile robots (MR). This article contributes provides a hybrid virtual model based on Agent-Based Modeling and Simulation (ABMS) and Discrete Event Simulation (DES) paradigms of an integrated warehouse system, aiming to an ex-ante evaluation of the level of performance of the various logistic flows and the impact of operating parameters. The system into analysis consists of an automated warehouse with a maxi-shuttle-type translator, enslaved by mobile industrial robots and interfaced with a laboratory factory system equipped with an assembly station. Four experiments are carried out to analyze the warehousing system's performance by varying different parameters and design configurations. Results show that the model can determine the best design trade-off in terms of performance and is able to identify the bottlenecks of the system.

TO THE QUESTION OF THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF ARTIFICIAL PLANTATIONS OF PITSUNDSKAYA PINE IN THE SEASIDE AREA OF GELENDZHIK

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Derevenets ◽  
Elizaveta Derevenets
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
The Road ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Federal Highway ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Gelendzhik is the resort town, there aren't a lot of industrial enterprises here. The main pollutant is transport. The work purpose is the assessment of a condition of the artificial landings of a pine located along the Federal highway "Don" and landings, which is nearly the sea coast. Researches were conducted to a standard technique of the General vital state (A. S. Bogolyubov). The assessment of a condition of pines was carried out during 6 years: from 2010 to 2015. For carrying out research we used 6 experimental grounds on the Markotkhsky spine and 2 control grounds within the town. We investigated 24 trees on each platform, middle age of the trees were 30 - 40 years. Results. 1. The condition of trees in the pine forests located in immediate proximity with the Federal highway "Don" (No. 1, 2, 3) is unsatisfactory. As even weak influences of the majority of atmospheric gaseous pollutants (sulphurous gas, nitrogen oxides, etc.) give effect of a necrosis and hloroz of pine needles, the condition of pines is connected with technogenic pollution. So near the Federal highway "Don" the air environment is strongly polluted by exhaust gases. Information of 2012 confirm that negative influence of the route on Markotkh's vegetation decreases at reduction of load of the route. 2. On the sites located above on a slope (No. 4,5,6) thanks to remoteness and the wind mode intensity of influence of pollutants is lower and a condition of pines the quite satisfactory. 3. Trees on the sites located near the sea (No. 7,8) are in a good shape. Small deterioration of a state is noted in very droughty years. Conclusion. Results of six years' research show that the condition of the plantings which are in close proximity with the road worsens. It is explained by increase in intensity of the movement on the road, especially during a resort season. Gelendzhik is the city with a good ecological shape, but the damage to environment is already caused. If not to take measures, we can lose a unique part of the nature in the future, recreate it will be impossible. Measures of reduction of negative impact of exhaust gases were offered. Results of researches are transferred to ecological department of the City administration of Gelendzhik.

TO THE QUESTION OF THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF ARTIFICIAL PLANTATIONS OF PITSUNDSKAYA PINE IN THE SEASIDE AREA OF GELENDZHIK

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Derevenets ◽  
Elizaveta Derevenets
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
The Road ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Federal Highway ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Gelendzhik is the resort town, there aren't a lot of industrial enterprises here. The main pollutant is transport. The work purpose is the assessment of a condition of the artificial landings of a pine located along the Federal highway "Don" and landings, which is nearly the sea coast. Researches were conducted to a standard technique of the General vital state (A. S. Bogolyubov). The assessment of a condition of pines was carried out during 6 years: from 2010 to 2015. For carrying out research we used 6 experimental grounds on the Markotkhsky spine and 2 control grounds within the town. We investigated 24 trees on each platform, middle age of the trees were 30 - 40 years. Results. 1. The condition of trees in the pine forests located in immediate proximity with the Federal highway "Don" (No. 1, 2, 3) is unsatisfactory. As even weak influences of the majority of atmospheric gaseous pollutants (sulphurous gas, nitrogen oxides, etc.) give effect of a necrosis and hloroz of pine needles, the condition of pines is connected with technogenic pollution. So near the Federal highway "Don" the air environment is strongly polluted by exhaust gases. Information of 2012 confirm that negative influence of the route on Markotkh's vegetation decreases at reduction of load of the route. 2. On the sites located above on a slope (No. 4,5,6) thanks to remoteness and the wind mode intensity of influence of pollutants is lower and a condition of pines the quite satisfactory. 3. Trees on the sites located near the sea (No. 7,8) are in a good shape. Small deterioration of a state is noted in very droughty years. Conclusion. Results of six years' research show that the condition of the plantings which are in close proximity with the road worsens. It is explained by increase in intensity of the movement on the road, especially during a resort season. Gelendzhik is the city with a good ecological shape, but the damage to environment is already caused. If not to take measures, we can lose a unique part of the nature in the future, recreate it will be impossible. Measures of reduction of negative impact of exhaust gases were offered. Results of researches are transferred to ecological department of the City administration of Gelendzhik.

scholarly journals Green Deal as a Climate Changes Dam on the Road to Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Jevtic ◽  
C Bouland
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Road ◽  
National Public Health ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Public health professionals (PHP) have a dual task in climate change. They should persuade their colleagues in clinical medicine of the importance of all the issues covered by the GD. The fact that the health sector contributes to the overall emissions of 4.4% speaks to the lack of awareness within the health sector itself. The issue of providing adequate infrastructure for the health sector is essential. Strengthening the opportunities and development of the circular economy within healthcare is more than just a current issue. The second task of PHP is targeting the broader population. The public health mission is being implemented, inter alia, through numerous activities related to environmental monitoring and assessment of the impact on health. GD should be a roadmap for priorities and actions in public health, bearing in mind: an ambitious goal of climate neutrality, an insistence on clean, affordable and safe energy, a strategy for a clean and circular economy. GD provides a framework for the development of sustainable and smart transport, the development of green agriculture and policies from field to table. It also insists on biodiversity conservation and protection actions. The pursuit of zero pollution and an environment free of toxic chemicals, as well as incorporating sustainability into all policies, is also an indispensable part of GD. GD represents a leadership step in the global framework towards a healthier future and comprises all the non-EU members as well. The public health sector should consider the GD as an argument for achieving goals at national levels, and align national public health policies with the goals of this document. There is a need for stronger advocacy of health and public-health interests along with incorporating sustainability into all policies. Achieving goals requires the education process for healthcare professionals covering all of topics of climate change, energy and air pollution to a much greater extent than before.

scholarly journals Electric Vehicles in Jordan: Challenges and Limitations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3199
Author(s):  
Laith Shalalfeh ◽  
Ashraf AlShalalfeh ◽  
Khaled Alkaradsheh ◽  
Mahmoud Alhamarneh ◽  
Ahmad Bashaireh
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Stability Margins ◽  
High Penetration ◽  
Node Distribution ◽  
The Impact

An increasing number of electric vehicles (EVs) are replacing gasoline vehicles in the automobile market due to the economic and environmental benefits. The high penetration of EVs is one of the main challenges in the future smart grid. As a result of EV charging, an excessive overloading is expected in different elements of the power system, especially at the distribution level. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of EVs on the distribution system under three loading conditions (light, intermediate, and full). For each case, we estimate the maximum number of EVs that can be charged simultaneously before reaching different system limitations, including the undervoltage, overcurrent, and transformer capacity limit. Finally, we use the 19-node distribution system to study these limitations under different loading conditions. The 19-node system is one of the typical distribution systems in Jordan. Our work estimates the upper limit of the possible EV penetration before reaching the system stability margins.

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