scholarly journals Development and Application of a Performance and Operational Feasibility Guide to Facilitate Adoption of Soil Moisture Sensors

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meetpal S. Kukal ◽  
Suat Irmak ◽  
Kiran Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensors ◽  
Performance Accuracy ◽  
Sensor Orientation ◽  
And Performance

Soil moisture sensors can be effective and promising decision-making tools for diverse applications and audiences, including agricultural managers, irrigation practitioners, and researchers. Nevertheless, there exists immense adoption potential in the United States, with only 1.2 in 10 farms nationally using soil moisture sensors to decide when to irrigate. This number is much lower in the global scale. Increased adoption is likely hindered by lack of scientific support in need assessment, selection, suitability and use of these sensors. Here, through extensive field research, we address the operational feasibility of soil moisture sensors, an aspect which has been overlooked in the past, and integrate it with their performance accuracy, in order to develop a quantitative framework to guide users in the selection of best-suited sensors for varying applications. These evaluations were conducted for nine commercially available sensors under silt loam and loamy sand soils in irrigated cropland and rainfed grassland for two different installation orientations [sensing component parallel (horizontal) and perpendicular (vertical) to the ground surface] typically used. All the sensors were assessed for their aptness in terms of cost, ease of operation, convenience of telemetry, and performance accuracy. Best sensors under each soil condition, sensor orientation, and user applications (research versus agricultural production) were identified. The step-by-step guide presented here will serve as an unprecedented and holistic adoption-assisting resource and can be extended to other sensors as well.

Evaluating Effect of Degree of Water Stress on Growth and Fecundity of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Using Soil Moisture Sensors

Weed Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 738-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parminder S. Chahal ◽  
Suat Irmak ◽  
Mithila Jugulam ◽  
Amit J. Jhala
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
The United States ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Amaranthus Palmeri ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensors

AbstractPalmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeriS. Watson) is the most problematic weed in agronomic crop production fields in the United States. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of degree of water stress on the growth and fecundity ofA. palmeriusing soil moisture sensors under greenhouse conditions. TwoA. palmeribiotypes collected from Nebraska were grown in loam soil maintained at 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, and 12.5% soil field capacity (FC) corresponding to no, light, moderate, high, and severe water stress levels, respectively. Water was regularly added to pots based on soil moisture levels detected by Watermark or Decagon 5TM sensors to maintain the desired water stress level.Amaranthus palmeriplants maintained at ≤25% FC did not survive more than 35 d after transplanting.Amaranthus palmeriat 100%, 75%, and 50% FC produced similar numbers of leaves (588 to 670 plant−1) based on model estimates; however, plants at 100% FC achieved a maximum height of 178 cm compared with 124 and 88 cm at 75% and 50% FC, respectively. The growth index (1.1×105to 1.4×105cm3plant−1) and total leaf area (571 to 693 cm2plant−1) were also similar at 100%, 75%, and 50% FC.Amaranthus palmeriproduced similar root biomass (2.3 to 3 g plant−1) at 100%, 75%, and 50% FC compared with 0.6 to 0.7 g plant−1at 25% and 12.5% FC, respectively. Seed production was greatest (42,000 seeds plant−1) at 100% FC compared with 75% and 50% FC (14,000 to 19,000 seeds plant−1); however, the cumulative seed germination was similar (38% to 46%) when mother plants were exposed to ≥50% FC. The results of this study show thatA. palmerican survive ≥50% FC continuous water stress conditions and can produce a significant number of seeds with no effect of on seed germination.

scholarly journals SM2RAIN–ASCAT (2007–2018): global daily satellite rainfall data from ASCAT soil moisture observations

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1583-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Brocca ◽  
Paolo Filippucci ◽  
Sebastian Hahn ◽  
Luca Ciabatta ◽  
Christian Massari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Time Inconsistency ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Uniform Density ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Data Record ◽  
Global Precipitation

Abstract. Long-term gridded precipitation products are crucial for several applications in hydrology, agriculture and climate sciences. Currently available precipitation products suffer from space and time inconsistency due to the non-uniform density of ground networks and the difficulties in merging multiple satellite sensors. The recent “bottom-up” approach that exploits satellite soil moisture observations for estimating rainfall through the SM2RAIN (Soil Moisture to Rain) algorithm is suited to build a consistent rainfall data record as a single polar orbiting satellite sensor is used. Here we exploit the Advanced SCATterometer (ASCAT) on board three Meteorological Operational (MetOp) satellites, launched in 2006, 2012, and 2018, as part of the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) Polar System programme. The continuity of the scatterometer sensor is ensured until the mid-2040s through the MetOp Second Generation Programme. Therefore, by applying the SM2RAIN algorithm to ASCAT soil moisture observations, a long-term rainfall data record will be obtained, starting in 2007 and lasting until the mid-2040s. The paper describes the recent improvements in data pre-processing, SM2RAIN algorithm formulation, and data post-processing for obtaining the SM2RAIN–ASCAT quasi-global (only over land) daily rainfall data record at a 12.5 km spatial sampling from 2007 to 2018. The quality of the SM2RAIN–ASCAT data record is assessed on a regional scale through comparison with high-quality ground networks in Europe, the United States, India, and Australia. Moreover, an assessment on a global scale is provided by using the triple-collocation (TC) technique allowing us also to compare these data with the latest, fifth-generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis (ERA5), the Early Run version of the Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG), and the gauge-based Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) products. Results show that the SM2RAIN–ASCAT rainfall data record performs relatively well at both a regional and global scale, mainly in terms of root mean square error (RMSE) when compared to other products. Specifically, the SM2RAIN–ASCAT data record provides performance better than IMERG and GPCC in data-scarce regions of the world, such as Africa and South America. In these areas, we expect larger benefits in using SM2RAIN–ASCAT for hydrological and agricultural applications. The limitations of the SM2RAIN–ASCAT data record consist of the underestimation of peak rainfall events and the presence of spurious rainfall events due to high-frequency soil moisture fluctuations that might be corrected in the future with more advanced bias correction techniques. The SM2RAIN–ASCAT data record is freely available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3405563 (Brocca et al., 2019) (recently extended to the end of August 2019).

FIELD EVALUATION AND PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF SOIL MOISTURE SENSORS

Soil Science ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 168 (6) ◽  
pp. 396-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian G. Leib ◽  
Jay D. Jabro ◽  
Gary R. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensors ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals System of Measuring PH, Humidity, and Temperature Based on Internet of Things (IoT)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Wahyuni Eka Sari ◽  
Eko Junirianto ◽  
Geofani Fatur Perdana
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Work Effectiveness ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensors ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The City ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The problem faced by farmers in Samarinda is the difficulties to know the condition of the chili plants when they are away from home or from the garden. Often times the farmer commutes from home to the garden just to monitor the condition of the plants, which reduces work effectiveness and takes a long time. Therefore, in this study a tool was made to measure soil moisture, temperature and soil pH based on the Internet of Things. The process of monitoring soil pH, soil moisture, and air temperature in chili plants using soil pH sensors, soil moisture sensors, and soil temperature sensors as well as Wemos / Arduino for data processing and sending analog data to the ANTARES platform. The result of this research is that soil condition data can be sent and read in real time through the ANTARES web application. Tool testing was carried out at 30 different locations in the city of Samarinda.

Undesirable Effects of Goal Setting on Perceived Fairness, Commitment, and Unethical Behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Keith
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Goal Commitment ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Perceived Fairness ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
And Performance

Abstract. The positive effects of goal setting on motivation and performance are among the most established findings of industrial–organizational psychology. Accordingly, goal setting is a common management technique. Lately, however, potential negative effects of goal-setting, for example, on unethical behavior, are increasingly being discussed. This research replicates and extends a laboratory experiment conducted in the United States. In one of three goal conditions (do-your-best goals, consistently high goals, increasingly high goals), 101 participants worked on a search task in five rounds. Half of them (transparency yes/no) were informed at the outset about goal development. We did not find the expected effects on unethical behavior but medium-to-large effects on subjective variables: Perceived fairness of goals and goal commitment were least favorable in the increasing-goal condition, particularly in later goal rounds. Results indicate that when designing goal-setting interventions, organizations may consider potential undesirable long-term effects.

Relation of Statistically Significant, Abnormal, and Typical WAIS-R VIQ-PIQ Discrepancies to Full Scale IQs

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis M. Hsu ◽  
Judy Hayman ◽  
Judith Koch ◽  
Debbie Mandell
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
True Score ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Normative Population ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Quadratic Models

Summary: In the United States' normative population for the WAIS-R, differences (Ds) between persons' verbal and performance IQs (VIQs and PIQs) tend to increase with an increase in full scale IQs (FSIQs). This suggests that norm-referenced interpretations of Ds should take FSIQs into account. Two new graphs are presented to facilitate this type of interpretation. One of these graphs estimates the mean of absolute values of D (called typical D) at each FSIQ level of the US normative population. The other graph estimates the absolute value of D that is exceeded only 5% of the time (called abnormal D) at each FSIQ level of this population. A graph for the identification of conventional “statistically significant Ds” (also called “reliable Ds”) is also presented. A reliable D is defined in the context of classical true score theory as an absolute D that is unlikely (p < .05) to be exceeded by a person whose true VIQ and PIQ are equal. As conventionally defined reliable Ds do not depend on the FSIQ. The graphs of typical and abnormal Ds are based on quadratic models of the relation of sizes of Ds to FSIQs. These models are generalizations of models described in Hsu (1996) . The new graphical method of identifying Abnormal Ds is compared to the conventional Payne-Jones method of identifying these Ds. Implications of the three juxtaposed graphs for the interpretation of VIQ-PIQ differences are discussed.

Efficiency of pay for performance program on the brazilian judiciary

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Cláudio de Jesus-Silva ◽  
Antônio Luiz Marques ◽  
André Luiz Nunes Zogahib
Keyword(s):  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Pay For Performance ◽  
Field Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Compensation Program ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This article aims to examine the variable compensation program for performance implanted in the Brazilian Judiciary. For this purpose, a survey was conducted with the servers of the Court of Justice of the State of Roraima - Amazon - Brazil. The strategy consisted of field research with quantitative approach, with descriptive and explanatory research and conducting survey using a structured questionnaire, available through the INTERNET. The population surveyed, 37.79% is the sample. The results indicate the effectiveness of the program as a tool of motivation and performance improvement and also the need for some adjustments and improvements, especially on the perception of equity of the program and the distribution of rewards.

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