scholarly journals Sustainability of Agricultural Crop Policies in Rwanda: An Integrated Cost–Benefit Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Mikhail Miklyaev ◽  
Glenn Jenkins ◽  
David Shobowale
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Financial Perspective ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Government ◽  
Integrated Cost

Rwanda has aimed to achieve food self-sufficiency but faces binding land and budgetary constraints. A set of government policies have been in force for 20 years that have controlled the major cropping decisions of farmers. A cost–benefit analysis methodology is employed to evaluate the financial and resource flow statements of the key stakeholders. The object of the analysis is to determine the sustainability of the prevailing agricultural policies from the perspectives of the farmers, the economy, and the government budget. A total of seven crops were evaluated. In all provinces, one or more of the crops were either not sustainable from the financial perspective of the farmers or are economically inefficient in the use of Rwanda’s scarce resources. The annual fiscal cost to the government of supporting the sector is substantial but overall viewed to be sustainable. A major refocusing is needed of agricultural policies, away from a monocropping strategy to one that allows the farmers to adapt to local circumstances. A more market-oriented approach is needed if the government wishes to achieve its economic development goal of having a sustainable agricultural sector that supports the policy goal of achieving food self-sufficiency.

scholarly journals Prioritized list of health services in the Islamic Republic of Iran

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 367-371
Author(s):  
B. Larijani ◽  
O. Ameli ◽  
K. Alizadeh ◽  
S. R. Mirsharifi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
The Government

We aimed to provide a prioritized list of preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and their appropriate classification based on a cost-benefit analysis. Functional benchmarking was used to select a rationing model. Teams of qualified specialists working in community hospitals scored procedures from CPTTM according to their cost and benefit elements. The prioritized list of services model of Oregon, United States of America was selected as the functional benchmark. In contrast to its benchmark, our country’s prioritized list of services is primarily designed to help the government in policy-making with the rationing of health care resources, especially for hospitals

The Historical Evolution of Alternative Metrics for Developing Countries’ Food and Agriculture Policy Assessment

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 317-334
Author(s):  
Tim Josling
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Equilibrium Models ◽  
Policy Assessment ◽  
General Equilibrium Models

The demand for quantitative assessments of the impacts of food and agricultural policies has grown steadily in the past four decades. From the application of social cost-benefit analysis to investments in developing countries in the 1970s to the use of increasingly sophisticated general equilibrium models today, the menu of available techniques for policy assessment has expanded rapidly. In addition, both partial and general equilibrium models have been developed to analyze world markets for agricultural commodities and the effects of government policies on such markets. Alongside the modeling of markets and the quantitative impact of policies, several indicators have been developed that build on trade policy measures, including effective protection and tariff equivalents. One example is the producer subsidy equivalent. This has been used by the OECD to estimate the level of support provided by government policies to the agricultural sector. The indicators have more recently been applied to developing countries as a form of benchmarking to give a snapshot of the transfers among stakeholders inherent in such policies.

scholarly journals L’industrie de l’amiante

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-284
Author(s):  
Roma Dauphin
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Firms ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Asbestos Fiber ◽  
The Political ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Fiber Production ◽  
Asbestos Fibers ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The Government

This study is comprised of two parts. The first is essentially descriptive and seeks to define with greater precision the nature of the Western world's asbestos fiber needs, account being made currently-known technology and the existence of substitutes. Asbestos ore reserves are then examined with a view to evaluating the constraints conditioning current asbestos fiber production. With the exception of that carried out in the U.S.S.R., this production is highly concentrated in Quebec whose surplus output is exported to every continent at prices that have experienced a staggering increase since 1973 even though international trade in asbestos fibers is conducted via multinational firms. The second part of the study contains a cost-benefit analysis of Quebec's new policy as well as a brief consideration of the political forces that have induced the Government of Quebec to adopt it.

scholarly journals Cost-Benefit Analysis for a Quinquennial Census: The 2016 Population Census of South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce D. Spencer ◽  
Julian May ◽  
Steven Kenyon ◽  
Zachary Seeskin
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Important Benefit ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Cost

Abstract The question of whether to carry out a quinquennial Census is faced by national statistical offices in increasingly many countries, including Canada, Nigeria, Ireland, Australia, and South Africa. We describe uses and limitations of cost-benefit analysis in this decision problem in the case of the 2016 Census of South Africa. The government of South Africa needed to decide whether to conduct a 2016 Census or to rely on increasingly inaccurate postcensal estimates accounting for births, deaths, and migration since the previous (2011) Census. The cost-benefit analysis compared predicted costs of the 2016 Census to the benefits of improved allocation of intergovernmental revenue, which was considered by the government to be a critical use of the 2016 Census, although not the only important benefit. Without the 2016 Census, allocations would be based on population estimates. Accuracy of the postcensal estimates was estimated from the performance of past estimates, and the hypothetical expected reduction in errors in allocation due to the 2016 Census was estimated. A loss function was introduced to quantify the improvement in allocation. With this evidence, the government was able to decide not to conduct the 2016 Census, but instead to improve data and capacity for producing post-censal estimates.

Is straw return-to-field always beneficial? Evidence from an integrated cost-benefit analysis

Energy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 393-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beibei Liu ◽  
Qiaoran Wu ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Bing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Straw Return ◽  
Integrated Cost

scholarly journals What cost decisiveness? A cost benefit analysis of the lockdown to contain COVID-19 in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mousumi Dutta ◽  
Zakir Husain
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
National Level ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Considerable Controversy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Alternative Scenarios ◽  
Ball Point

AbstractOn 24th March, 2020 the Government of India announced a national level lockdown to contain the spread of COVID. The lockdown policy has generated considerable controversy, with critics arguing that it was done without adequate notice or planning, exposed vulnerable section of the population to a humanitarian crisis, and failed to contain the spread of COVID. In response, the Government has claimed that lockdown slowed the transmission process of COVID, thereby reducing the number of cases and deaths substantially. The consequent pressure on the health infrastructure was also much less. To judge between competing claims, this study has undertaken the first cost-benefit analysis of the world’s biggest lockdown. Although the data for a proper cost-benefit analysis is currently not available, we have made a ball point estimate of the net benefit of the lockdown under alternative scenarios. Our estimates reveal the net benefits of lockdown to be negative; moreover, the results are robust under all scenarios.

Liberia's External Debts and their Servicing

1972 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-626
Author(s):  
Robert L. Curry
Keyword(s):  
Recent Article ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Open Door ◽  
Focus Attention ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Open Door Policy ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government

A recent article in this Journal, X, I, May 1972, by Robert E. Miller and Peter R. Carter on ‘A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Liberia’, examined the general cost pattern inherent in concession agreements based upon her ‘Open-Door Policy’, and noted that ‘officials of the Government of Liberia who are responsible for negotiating foreign concessionaire agreements… now recognise this pattern and hopefully plan better bargains in the future’. I wish to focus attention on Liberia's external debts, a particular cost largely resulting from that policy.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Policy Claims of Migration in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmod Karki
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Migration Decision ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Policy Paper ◽  
The Government ◽  
Rural Nepal ◽  
The Relationship

The Government of Nepal published the landmark Compact Rural Settlements Policy (CRSP) in 2013. The policy paper argued for clustering settlements in rural Nepal in order to improve quality of life for people. One of the main arguments of this paper is that rural out-migration happens due to lack of services. This paper analyzes the relationship between migration and availability of services in Nepal. The results demonstrate that the relationship among migration decision, availability of health and education services is statistically insignificant. In other words, the claims of the CRSP paper needs to be reevaluated and a comprehensive cost–benefit analysis of resettlements should be conducted before government led clustered settlements are built in the country.

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