scholarly journals Resilient Rural Areas and Tourism Development Paths: A Comparison of Case Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3022
Author(s):  
Antonietta Ivona ◽  
Antonella Rinella ◽  
Francesca Rinella ◽  
Federica Epifani ◽  
Sara Nocco
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Development Fund ◽  
Territorial Identity ◽  
European Regional Development Fund ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Programming Period ◽  
Development Paths ◽  
Regional Authorities

In the settlement network of Italian small towns (the so-called “borghi”, with a population ceiling lower than 5000 inhabitants), not lacking in discontinuities and patches, a “common thread” is increasingly noticeable, which allows to look optimistically beyond several weaknesses (economy depending on a relatively unprofitable or declining agriculture, social and economic stasis, demographic decline and consequent contraction of public and private services, hydrogeological instability, etc.): we are talking of the firm, pigheaded determination of an increasing number of local communities to become sustainable and responsible realities, get involved, and undertake a process of “hot authentication” of their milieu. Since 2013, such resilient attitude is at the heart of the National Strategy for Inner Areas (SNAI, Strategia Nazionale per le Aree Interne) aimed at promoting coordinated, multi-scalar projects of self-enhancement; in April 2019, the above innovative form of territorial planning was selected by the European Parliament as a model for the 2021–2027 programming period of the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).This paper reviews the original and creative bottom-up enhancement process being implemented in several towns of the “Monti Dauni” sub-region, a pilot marginal area identified by Apulian regional authorities within the SNAI. In these small towns, local players aim at maximizing the opportunities of sustainable, experiential tourism by offering an uncontaminated environment, ancient knowledge, genuine flavours and deep emotions to all visitors who wish to achieve a deeper knowledge of the territorial identity instead of being mere spectators, by adopting an active and engaged attitude.

scholarly journals The mechanism of community led local development in Romanian urban areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-146
Author(s):  
Andreea Pușcaș ◽  
Ioana Beleiu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Development Fund ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
European Regional Development Fund ◽  
Social Fund ◽  
Programming Period

Community led local development (CLLD) is a tool of the European Commission, used for territorial development. Local Action Groups were funded in the rural areas of Romania, since the 2007-2013 programming period through LEADER, demonstrating positive effects in terms of social innovation and disproof of social disparities. In urban areas, CLLD is a recent multi-fund approach, financed by the European Social Fund (ESF) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). Despite the intentions addressed for simplifying the implementation of the mechanism by the Romanian authorities, several challenges and delays however occurred. The present research reveals the similarities and the main differences between the implementation of the mechanism, in urban and rural areasesides, it proposes a set of recommendations to increase the efficiency of the studied mechanism, based on a case study on the implementation of the CLLD mechanism in Gherla, Romania.

scholarly journals Spatial Dimension of the Employment Market Exposition to Digitalisation—The Case of Austria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1852
Author(s):  
Kinga Hat ◽  
Gernot Stoeglehner
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Spatial Context ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
New Business ◽  
Development Paths

Digitalisation, referred to as the fourth industrial revolution, is gradually becoming part of all areas of life. The progressing digitalisation inspires new business models, restructures production processes and provides new revenue and value-producing opportunities. Simultaneously jobs are becoming abdicable and livelihoods can get threatened. To analyse the spatial context of the susceptibility of regional labour markets to 4.0 technology in Austria, the occupation-based assessment of digitalisation probability was projected on the industry standard classification and linked to the statistical employee data at the municipal level. The outcomes reveal to what extent the economic sections and divisions are exposed to digitalisation. Results representing spatial distribution reveal that digitalisation risks cannot be explicitly assigned to certain spatial structures or localities. Still, it can be stated that urban areas and small towns are relatively less exposed to disappearing of existing jobs. Municipalities with the highest vulnerability to labour replaceability are located mainly in rural areas. The discussion focuses on regional resilience, social vulnerability and possible development paths for different frameworks and spatial context of consequences. The study emphasizes the importance of digitalisation processes for regional development and presents an approach of analysing their territorial dimensions.

Transgender clients in rural areas and small towns.

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 154-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie M. Koch ◽  
Douglas Knutson
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Towns

Households Discrimination in School Enrolment in Pakistan: Does gender matter?

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Ali Muhammad ◽  
Zahoor Ul Haq ◽  
Imad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Female Education ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

This study uses Pakistan Social and Living Measurement Survey 2016 to study gender discrimination in school enrollment across the four provinces of Pakistan using bi-variate analysis. Results show that there is highly significant difference between male and female education in rural areas (x^2=4940.50 and p<0.05). Analysis indicate that gender disparity in enrollment is significantly higher in low income households (x^2=115.468 and P<0.05). The study also showed that as compared to male, fewer female are enrolled in both public and private sectors. Hence, socio-economic factors play important role in making decision about children enrollment in different types of school. The study recommends that government to take appropriate steps to reduce gender discrimination in school enrollment by offering subsidy on female education in the country.

scholarly journals The Nordic @geing Online project: Co-creating a social application together with older adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Nordmyr ◽  
A K Forsman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Psychosocial Health ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Online Services ◽  
Online Application ◽  
Development Fund

Abstract Background Online resources present various possibilities for health promotion, also in the growing older adult population. Tailored online services aiming to support social participation among users could potentially promote older adults’ psychosocial health. In the @geing Online project an online application is developed, focusing on access to meaningful social activities among older adults in rural areas in Finland and Sweden. The innovation project (2017-2020) is funded by the Interreg Botnia-Atlantica programme (European Regional Development Fund). Methods A collaborative, user-centred design approach is applied when developing the online application, allowing older potential users and personnel groups from the social and health care sector to evaluate application features in a step-wise process. The inclusion of personnel groups allows for the exploration of the feasibility of introducing the tool in home care services and similar relevant contexts from an organizational perspective. Further, the inclusion of regional IT-companies presents opportunities for them to develop their competence regarding eHealth tools and older adults as a target group. Results An advanced prototype of the application and its core features is presented. Promising approaches and outcomes regarding the co-creation methods applied to ensure the involvement of stakeholders in the development process are elaborated upon. Challenging issues related to the project theme, such as stereotypical and negative views of older adults’ competences and motivation related to application use are also discussed. Conclusions The project highlights possibilities - but also challenges - when co-creating a social application together with older adults, some of whom have no experience in internet use. The gathered project outcomes will provide lessons on the potential of new technologies for delivering health promotion initiatives among older adults. Key messages Tailored online services aiming to support social participation among users provide possibilities for promoting psychosocial health in the growing population of older adults. Application development utilizing a user-centered design approach can be implemented even if the end-users are not familiar with the internet or application use.

scholarly journals The Valorization of Italian “Borghi” as a Tool for the Tourism Development of Rural Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6643
Author(s):  
Carmen Bizzarri ◽  
Roberto Micera
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Territorial Identity ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Depth Interviews

The paper comes from the need to search for criteria useful for the valorization of heritage towns, located in rural and/or inland areas of Italy, now affected by depression and depopulation process. To this end, the authors point out how territorial identity can constitute the theoretical foundation to influence development policies and, in particular, tourism development for the sustainability process. It was therefore decided to interview a number of stakeholders who could contribute, with their professionalism and expertise, to identifying possible paths and processes for the enhancement of these areas for tourism development. The methodology was based on in-depth interviews, which allowed for the identification of a of a Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threat (SWOT) analysis, offering a guideline for the correct governance of these rural areas for their tourist enhancement in terms of the sustainability of development and tourist attractiveness. The study is an observatory that will monitor the implementation of sustainable tourism enhancement of the “borghi”.

scholarly journals AB0012 ROLE OF IRF5 GENE ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN-A VASCULITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1309.1-1310
Author(s):  
S. Remuzgo Martinez ◽  
F. Genre ◽  
V. Pulito-Cueto ◽  
D. Prieto-Peña ◽  
B. Atienza-Mateo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Type I ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Development Fund ◽  
European Regional Development Fund ◽  
Social Fund ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Immunoglobulin A Vasculitis

Background:Interferon signaling pathway plays a relevant role in autoimmunity. Genetic variants in theinterferon regulatory factor (IRF) 5gene, that encodes the major regulator of the type I interferon induction [1], have been related to the development of several inflammatory diseases [2].Objectives:To determine the influence ofIRF5on Immunoglobulin-A vasculitis (IgAV), an inflammatory vascular disease.Methods:ThreeIRF5polymorphisms (rs2004640, rs2070197 and rs10954213) representative of 3 different haplotype blocks were genotyped in 372 Caucasian patients with IgAV and 876 sex and ethnically matched healthy controls.Results:No statistically significant differences between patients with IgAV and controls were observed when eachIRF5polymorphism was analyzed independently. Similarly, no statistically significant differences between patients with IgAV and controls were found whenIRF5polymorphisms were evaluated combined conforming haplotypes. Additionally, there were no statistically significant differences in genotype, allele and haplotype frequencies ofIRF5when patients with IgAV were stratified according to the age at disease onset or to the presence/absence of gastrointestinal or renal manifestations.Conclusion:Our results do not support an influence ofIRF5on the pathogenesis of IgAV.References:[1]Nat Immunol 2011; 12: 231-8;[2]Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16: R146.Acknowledgments:This study was supported by European Union FEDER funds and “Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias” (grant PI18/00042) from ‘Instituto de Salud Carlos III’ (ISCIII, Health Ministry, Spain). RL-M is a recipient of a Miguel Servet type I programme fellowship from the ISCIII, co-funded by the European Social Fund (ESF, `Investing in your future´) (grant CP16/00033). SR-M is supported by funds of the RETICS Program (RD16/0012/0009) (ISCIII, co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)). VP-C is supported by a pre-doctoral grant from IDIVAL (PREVAL 18/01). LL-G is supported by funds of PI18/00042 (ISCIII, co-funded by ERDF).Disclosure of Interests:Sara Remuzgo Martinez: None declared, Fernanda Genre: None declared, Verónica Pulito-Cueto: None declared, D. Prieto-Peña: None declared, Belén Atienza-Mateo: None declared, Belén Sevilla: None declared, Javier Llorca: None declared, Norberto Ortego: None declared, Leticia Lera-Gómez: None declared, Maite Leonardo: None declared, Ana Peñalba: None declared, María Jesús Cabero: None declared, Luis Martín-Penagos: None declared, Jose Alberto Miranda-Filloy: None declared, Antonio Navas Parejo: None declared, Javier Sanchez Perez: None declared, Maximiliano Aragües: None declared, Esteban Rubio: None declared, MANUEL LEON LUQUE: None declared, Juan María Blanco-Madrigal: None declared, E. Galindez: None declared, Javier Martin Ibanez: None declared, Santos Castañeda: None declared, Ricardo Blanco Grant/research support from: Abbvie, MSD and Roche, Consultant of: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen and MSD, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen, Lilly and MSD, Miguel A González-Gay Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Abbvie, MSD, Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Abbvie, MSD, Raquel López-Mejías: None declared

scholarly journals Implementing Electromobility in Public Transport in Poland in 1990–2020. A Review of Experiences and Evaluation of the Current Development Directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 4009
Author(s):  
Marcin Połom ◽  
Paweł Wiśniewski
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Operational Capabilities ◽  
Electric Bus ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
National Programs ◽  
Regional Authorities

Public transport has undergone major changes in recent years. In particular, they relate to the issue of environmental impact. Due to the significant emission of pollutants from the economy, in particular from the transport segment, member states of the European Union have taken measures to limit its scope. Only low-emission and zero-emission vehicles are to be used in transport, and mainly those that are powered by electricity in public transport. The development of battery technologies has led to a revolution in the range and operational capabilities of electric buses in the last decade. They have become a seemingly easy alternative to traditional electric vehicles in public transport—trams and trolleybuses. This article presents the possibilities and limitations of the development of public transport in Poland based on electric buses. An attempt was made to review the literature and compare the possibility of the functioning of buses, trams and trolleybuses in the Polish socio-economic, environmental and technological conditions. The article was based on a literature query, an analysis of unpublished materials, and a qualitative analysis of national programs endorsing the idea of electromobility as well as an online survey on the perception of electric public transport. The main goal of the article was to identify and evaluate the possibilities of developing public transport in Poland with the use of electric buses. The main results of the work include the demonstration that the optics of the national and regional authorities in Poland are focused mainly on electric buses without a thorough analysis of the legitimacy of their operation, especially in small towns. The incentive in the form of subsidizing the purchase of an electric bus is sufficient for them, and the future effects of using electric buses are not investigated.

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