scholarly journals Digital Sustainability in the Organization: Scale Development and Validation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3530
Author(s):  
Tai Ming Wut ◽  
Daisy Lee ◽  
Wai Man Ip ◽  
Stephanie W. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Scale Development ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Validity Assessment ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Initial Item ◽  
Sustainability Practices ◽  
Development And Validation

This study aims to develop a measurement scale for the digital sustainability practices in the organization. Considering that digital sustainability practices vary across industries and context, this study develops a scale of digital sustainability metrics, which is based on a comprehensive literature review. The proposed model was then tested with partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Several phases of qualitative and quantitative investigations of employees were conducted to propose and validate the construct of digital sustainability. The scale development process consists of initial item generation, item refinement, validity assessment and model testing. Four dimensions, namely, content, technology, preservation and promotion, were identified. A 16-item scale was proposed and validated. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed. Practitioners should focus on investing behind organisational resources and technologies that enhance the operationalisation of digital sustainability rather than seeking to promote the understanding of the concept and importance of digital sustainability. This study addresses the research gap, combining a focus group interview and literature review, followed by conceptualization and validation of a measurement scale of digital sustainability. Digital sustainability was validated as a manifestation of the availability, preservation, promotion and technological aspect of digital content in corporations.

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE ON SERVICE QUALITY AND PATIENTS SATISFACTION IN HOSPITALS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pushkar Dubey ◽  
Deepak Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Patients Satisfaction ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Validation Of Questionnaire ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

<p><b>Background:</b> Service quality is an important dimension for examining value of hospitals. Satisfaction of patients from the available service quality determines the overall value of a hospital. The increasing emphasis of services in hospitals and patients satisfaction has called for providing improved service which yields more satisfaction. <b>Aims & Objectives:</b> The aim of the study was to develop and validate a questionnaire that measures service quality and patients satisfaction in hospitals. <b>Material & Methods:</b> A self structured questionnaire containing 29 items was initially developed and was subjected to scrutiny by the experts to access the content validity of the questionnaire. A total of 200 patients responded to the service quality and satisfaction scale. The reliability of the scale was determined by Coefficient of Cronbach’s α. Exploratory factor analysis was used to test the validity of the scale and further the hypothetical model was evaluated by structural equation modelling for adequacy of goodness-of-fit to sample data. <b>Result:</b> The resultant outcome showed that the proposed model was a good fit. <b>Conclusion:</b> The result concludes that the conceptualised domain of service quality and patients satisfaction could be measured successfully through the use of the 18 item instrument developed in this study. </p>

scholarly journals Individual social entrepreneurship orientation: towards development of a measurement scale

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mir Shahid Satar ◽  
Saqib Natasha
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Scale Development ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Delphi Study ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Individual Level

Purpose While the literature has described social entrepreneurs as overwhelmingly occupying a pivotal role in social entrepreneurship (S-ENT) process, there is a high inconsistency prevailing with respect to entrepreneurial traits, attitudes and skills of social entrepreneurs. One explanation for this may be the lack of a suitable scale measuring entrepreneurship orientation of social entrepreneurial individuals. The purpose of this study is to address this gap by proposing an initial assessment tool for individual S-ENT orientation (ISEO). Design/methodology/approach A mixed methods research design, along with a two-stage Delphi process, helped in generating appropriate constructs for ISEO. While the items for the first dimension of scale were directly derived from the Delphi study, the items of the remaining dimensions were mainly found based on the three individual entrepreneurial orientation dimensions presented by Bolton and Lane. By means of exploratory factor analysis, the final examination of the ISEO items was undertaken through a survey of 71 social entrepreneurs across India. The process eventually resulted in reliable and valid measures for four dimensions of ISEO. Findings The scale-development process eventually resulted in a 13-item scale, measuring four dimensions of ISEO (social passion, innovativeness, risk-taking and pro-activeness). By developing a set of relevant ISEO indicators, the study answers the call for a scale development of ISEO in S-ENT literature. Research limitations/implications There is a need to further validate this instrument among other stakeholders (students) as well as in samples with different demographic characteristics across different regions of the country and the world. To further evaluate the reliability and validity properties and to confirm the newly established subscales and their relationship with the ISEO construct, there is need for conducting a confirmatory factor analysis using larger sample sizes. Practical implications The measurement of SEO at an individual level will assist in S-ENT education, training and development of present and prospective social entrepreneurs, as well as assist individuals who want to assess the strength of their orientation towards S-ENT. The understanding of ISEO at the individual level will be equally useful for S-ENT incubators, the government and other S-ENT stakeholders who are considering supporting S-ENT proposals. Originality/value The paper is the first to develop an ISEO scale which is based on empirical data in S-ENT field.

scholarly journals Determinants of Customer – Perceived Service Quality in the Albanian Banking Industry

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Soniela Grazhdani ◽  
Arben Vërçuni
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Depth Analysis

The purpose of this paper is to identify the determinants of customer service quality perceptions and to develop an instrument to measure the level of service quality in Albanian banking industry. For this purpose we use the BSQ instrument and evaluate whether it can be applied in Albanian banks context. The BSQ items are evaluated and new item are added after an extensive and in depth analysis of the literature review published on bank service quality measurements. As a result of this analysis, a modified version of BSQ was created as a measurement scale of bank service quality in Albania. Data were collected through customer surveys conducted in two major cities in Albania, Tirana (the capital city) and Korca. A structured questionnaire was used in face to face interview with 352 retail bank customers. The questionnaire was formulated using BSQ items and items find from the literature review. The collected data were analyzed through tools such as factor analysis and one way ANOVA. This analysis helped to provide the validity and reliability of the modified instrument. The proposed scale comprises 28 items which spans four dimensions: responsiveness and informing, reliability and security, commodities, effective access. The research findings confirm that the BSQ instrument needs to be modified to the cultural context of Albania. Given the limited research done in measuring bank service quality in Albania this study is a significant contribution to the literature. The instrument developed in this study is important to bank managers for evaluating, controlling and improving service quality.

Impact of Social Media Marketing on Brand Experience: A Study of Select Apparel Brands on Facebook

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faseeh Amin Beig ◽  
Mohammad Furqan Khan
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Social Media Marketing ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Brand Experience ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Content Sharing ◽  
The Impact

Social media (SM) is an important and emerging area of research, which is of interest to marketers and academicians. Researchers have been studying the impact of social media marketing (SMM) on dimensions such as consumer-based brand equity, purchase intentions, attitudes and others. However, there are insignificant number of studies that have investigated the influence of SMM on brand experience. In this study, content sharing and interaction have been identified as two important marketing activities carried out by organizations in virtual communities. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of content sharing and interaction on four dimensions of brand experience (sensory, affective, behavioural and intellectual). A mall-intercept survey was used to collect the data and 300 respondents were targeted, which resulted in 205 complete responses. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was run on independent and dependent variables, which was followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to validate the scale. The measurement scale was found to be reliable as well as valid. To test the hypothesis, structural equation modelling (SEM) was used and eight hypotheses were tested. The results showed that the content sharing and interaction have a positive significant impact on sensory, affective, behavioural and intellectual experiences.

Brand hypocrisy from a consumer perspective: scale development and validation

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 598-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amélie Guèvremont
Keyword(s):  
Scale Development ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Consumer Perspective ◽  
Consumer Inferences ◽  
Development And Validation

Purpose There is increasing interest in understanding negative consumer reactions to brands and the nature of negative brand perceptions. The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize the construct of brand hypocrisy from a consumer perspective and develop a scale to measure it. Design/methodology/approach A multiphase scale development process involving 559 consumers was conducted. Study 1 pertains to item generation and reduction phases. Study 2 reports on scale purification and validation through confirmatory factor analyses and model comparisons. Study 3 focuses on discriminant and predictive validity, while Study 4 further investigates predictive validity using real brands with differences in brand hypocrisy. Findings A 12-item scale measuring four dimensions of brand hypocrisy is developed: image hypocrisy (brand failing to put words into action), mission hypocrisy (brand exerting an unacknowledged negative impact on society or consumer well-being), message hypocrisy (brand conveying unrealistic or unattainable images) and social hypocrisy (brand supporting social responsibility initiatives for strategic purposes only). Results indicate that brand hypocrisy is distinguishable from similar constructs in the literature and that it is a significant predictor of negative word-of-mouth and brand distance. Practical implications This conceptualization provides managers with a detailed understanding of what constitutes a hypocritical brand in the eyes of consumers as well as insights about how to prevent consumer perceptions of brand hypocrisy. Originality/value Findings enrich the understanding of negative consumer inferences related to brands and provide a conceptualization of an understudied but increasingly relevant form of brand judgment.

scholarly journals Optimal Experience in Adult Learning: Conception and Validation of the Flow in Education Scale (EduFlow-2)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Heutte ◽  
Fabien Fenouillet ◽  
Charles Martin-Krumm ◽  
Gary Gute ◽  
Annelies Raes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Adult Learning ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Learning Climate ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Scale Measure

While the formulation of Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi's theory of flow, including the experience dimensions, has remained stable since its introduction in 1975, its dedicated measurement tools, research methodologies, and fields of application, have evolved considerably. Among these, education stands out as one of the most active. In recent years, researchers have examined flow in the context of other theoretical constructs such as motivation. The resulting work in the field of education has led to the development of a new model for understanding flow experience in education, specifically dedicated to adult learning. As a result of both a meticulous analysis of existing models and consideration of more recent developments, a new flow scale has thus been developed. The aim of this study is therefore twofold: to validate the new flow measurement scale dedicated to the educational environment, EduFlow-2, and to test a new theoretical model. Students taking a course (N = 6,596), some on-site and others in a MOOC, participated. Several scales were administered online at the end of the participants' course during the 2017 academic year. The factor structure of EduFlow-2 was tested using Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling. Several models were tested. The model with a second-order factor best fit the data. We tested the invariance of the flow scale measure for gender and for the type of training (MOOC/on-site). We were able to show that the flow scale is invariant of the modalities of these two variables. Results revealed good psychometric qualities for the scale, making it suitable for both on-site and distance learning. The analysis also revealed significant relationships with the classic variables of motivation, self-efficacy, learning climate, and life satisfaction. Furthermore, all four dimensions of the model were found to be adequate and consistent with the underlying theoretical arguments. In the end, this new, short flow scale and the theoretical model were demonstrated to be promising for future studies in the field of education.

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE ON SERVICE QUALITY AND PATIENTS SATISFACTION IN HOSPITALS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pushkar Dubey ◽  
Deepak Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Patients Satisfaction ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Validation Of Questionnaire ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

<p><b>Background:</b> Service quality is an important dimension for examining value of hospitals. Satisfaction of patients from the available service quality determines the overall value of a hospital. The increasing emphasis of services in hospitals and patients satisfaction has called for providing improved service which yields more satisfaction. <b>Aims & Objectives:</b> The aim of the study was to develop and validate a questionnaire that measures service quality and patients satisfaction in hospitals. <b>Material & Methods:</b> A self structured questionnaire containing 29 items was initially developed and was subjected to scrutiny by the experts to access the content validity of the questionnaire. A total of 200 patients responded to the service quality and satisfaction scale. The reliability of the scale was determined by Coefficient of Cronbach’s α. Exploratory factor analysis was used to test the validity of the scale and further the hypothetical model was evaluated by structural equation modelling for adequacy of goodness-of-fit to sample data. <b>Result:</b> The resultant outcome showed that the proposed model was a good fit. <b>Conclusion:</b> The result concludes that the conceptualised domain of service quality and patients satisfaction could be measured successfully through the use of the 18 item instrument developed in this study. </p>

Marketing–operations alignment: scale development and validation

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 2079-2095
Author(s):  
Kedwadee Sombultawee ◽  
Sakun Boon-Itt
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Scale Development ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Functional Model ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Scale Development And Validation ◽  
Marketing Operations ◽  
Development And Validation

Purpose This paper aims to study a scale development and validation process for an integrative marketing–operations alignment (MOA) theory. This theory was derived from several distinct theories that have attempted to explain the interaction between marketing and operations functions of manufacturing organizations. An initial qualitative research and literature review identified five antecedents to the MOA construct (decision coordination, reward system, information exchange, leadership strategy and performance evaluation) as well as two outcomes (customer orientation and competitor orientation). Design/methodology/approach The scale was developed and validated using successive testing processes including exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling (LISREL). Findings The outcome of the research is a tested and validated model of MOA. While more work needs to be done to test and potentially extend the theory, this research has produced a basic functional model of the MOA process. Research limitations/implications The limitations include target populations, choice of industry and geography and cross-sectional time horizon of the study. Originality/value This study represents an original contribution to the organizational theory literature, as it provides both a sound theoretical basis and a validated measurement model for the proposed theory of MOA. While this research does draw on existing models, it is more comprehensive and theory-based than the existing models.

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