scholarly journals Modeling and Management Option Analysis for Saline Groundwater Drainage in a Deltaic Island

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6784
Author(s):  
Renji Remesan ◽  
Arjun Prabhakaran ◽  
Macariush N. Sangma ◽  
Sreekanth Janardhanan ◽  
Mohammed Mainuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Saline Groundwater ◽  
Management Scenario ◽  
Scenario Analyses ◽  
Water Logging ◽  
Modeling Study

Understanding the interactions between shallow saline groundwater and surface water is crucial for managing water logging in deltaic islands. Water logging conditions result in the accumulation of salt in the root zone of crops and detrimentally affect agriculture in the economically and socially backward deltaic region of West Bengal and Bangladesh. In this paper, we undertook a modeling study of surface water–groundwater interactions in the Gosaba Island of Sundarbans region of the Ganges delta using MODFLOW followed by comprehensive parameter sensitivity analysis. Further, scenario analyses (i.e., no-drain, single drain, three drains) were undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of drainage infrastructure to reduce saline water logging conditions. The evaluation indicated that installation of three drains can remove water at a rate of up to −123.3 m3day−1 and lower the water table up to 0.4 m. The single drain management scenario could divert water at the rate of −77.9 m3day−1 during post monsoon season, lowering the shallow saline groundwater table up to 0.1 m. This preliminary modeling study shows encouraging results to consider drainage management as to solve the increasing challenge of water logging and salinity management in the deltaic region. The insights will be useful for farmers and policymakers in the region for planning various sustainable saline groundwater management. Building drainage infrastructure could potentially be part of initiatives like the national employment guarantee scheme in India. In the future, this model can be coupled with solute transport models for understanding the current status and future expansion of salinity in the study area. Further modeling and optimization analysis can help identify the optimal depth and spacing of drains.

scholarly journals Saline groundwater evolution in Luanhe River Delta, China since Holocene: hydrochemical, isotopic and sedimentary evidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianzhang Dang ◽  
Maosheng Gao ◽  
Zhang Wen ◽  
Guohua Hou ◽  
Daniel Ayejoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Groundwater Salinization ◽  
Fresh Groundwater ◽  
Saline Groundwater ◽  
Marine Transgression ◽  
Groundwater Evolution

Abstract. Since the Quaternary Period, palaeo-seawater intrusions have been suggested to explain the observed saline groundwater that extends far inland in coastal zones. The Luanhe River Delta (northwest coast of Bohai Sea, China) is characterized by the distribution of saline, brine, brackish and fresh groundwater, from coastline to inland, with a wide range of total dissolved solids (TDS) between 0.38–125.9 g L−1. Meanwhile, previous studies have revealed that this area was significantly affected by Holocene marine transgression. In this study, we used hydrochemical, isotopic, and sedimentological methods to investigate groundwater salinization processes in the Luanhe River Delta and its links to the palaeo-environmental settings. The isotopic results (2H, 18O, 14C) show that deep confined groundwater was recharged during the Late Pleistocene cold period, shallow saline and brine groundwater was recharged during the warm Holocene period, and shallow brackish and fresh groundwater was mainly recharged by surface water. The results of hydro-geochemical modeling (PHREEQC) suggest that the salty sources of salinization are seawater and concentrated saline water (formed after evaporation of seawater). The 18O–Cl relationship diagram shows that saline and brine groundwater are formed by three end-member mixings (seawater, concentrated saline water and, fresh groundwater). In contrast, brackish groundwater is formed after the wash-out of saline groundwater by surface water. Using palaeo-environmental data from sediments, we found that palaeo-seawater intrusion during the Holocene marine transgression was the primary cause of groundwater salinization in the study region. Seawater was found to evaporate in the lagoon area during the progradation of the Luanhe River Delta; the resulting concentrated saline water infiltrated into the aquifer, eventually forming brine groundwater due to salinity accumulation. Surface water recharge and irrigation, on the other side, would gradually flush the delta plain's saline groundwater. This study provides a better understanding of saline groundwater evolution in other similar coastal zones.

scholarly journals Sustaining Yield of Winter Wheat under Alternate Irrigation Using Saline Water at Different Growth Stages: A Case Study in the North China Plain

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar Soothar ◽  
Wenying Zhang ◽  
Binhui Liu ◽  
Moussa Tankari ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Saline Water Irrigation ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Brackish water used for irrigation can restrict crop growth and lead to environmental problems. The alternate irrigation with saline water at different growth stages is still not well understood. Therefore, field trials were conducted during 2015–2018 in the NCP to investigate whether alternate irrigation is practicable for winter wheat production. The treatments comprised rain-fed cultivation (NI), fresh and saline water irrigation (FS), saline and fresh water irrigation (SF), saline water irrigation (SS) and fresh water irrigation (FF). The results showed that the grain yield was increased by 20% under SF and FS treatments compared to NI, while a minor decrease of 2% in grain yield was observed compared with FF treatment. The increased soil salinity and risk of long-term salt accumulation in the soil due to alternate irrigation during peak dry periods was insignificant due to leaching of salts from crop root zone during monsoon season. Although Na+ concentration in the leaves increased with saline irrigation, resulting in significantly lower K+:Na+ ratio in the leaves, the Na+ and K+ concentrations in the roots and grains were not affected. In conclusion, the alternate irrigation for winter wheat is a most promising option to harvest more yield and save fresh water resources.

scholarly journals Response to recharge variation of thin rainwater lenses and their mixing zone with underlying saline groundwater

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 3535-3549 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Eeman ◽  
S. E. A. T. M. van der Zee ◽  
A. Leijnse ◽  
P. G. B. de Louw ◽  
C. Maas
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Order Approximation ◽  
Flux Ratio ◽  
Step Response ◽  
Mixing Zone ◽  
Saline Groundwater ◽  
Lens Thickness

Abstract. In coastal zones with saline groundwater, fresh groundwater lenses may form due to infiltration of rain water. The thickness of both the lens and the mixing zone, determines fresh water availability for plant growth. Due to recharge variation, the thickness of the lens and the mixing zone are not constant, which may adversely affect agricultural and natural vegetation if saline water reaches the root zone during the growing season. In this paper, we study the response of thin lenses and their mixing zone to variation of recharge. The recharge is varied using sinusoids with a range of amplitudes and frequencies. We vary lens characteristics by varying the Rayleigh number and Mass flux ratio of saline and fresh water, as these dominantly influence the thickness of thin lenses and their mixing zone. Numerical results show a linear relation between the normalised lens volume and the main lens and recharge characteristics, enabling an empirical approximation of the variation of lens thickness. Increase of the recharge amplitude causes increase and the increase of recharge frequency causes a decrease in the variation of lens thickness. The average lens thickness is not significantly influenced by these variations in recharge, contrary to the mixing zone thickness. The mixing zone thickness is compared to that of a Fickian mixing regime. A simple relation between the travelled distance of the centre of the mixing zone position due to variations in recharge and the mixing zone thickness is shown to be valid for both a sinusoidal recharge variation and actual records of daily recharge data. Starting from a step response function, convolution can be used to determine the effect of variable recharge in time. For a sinusoidal curve, we can determine delay of lens movement compared to the recharge curve as well as the lens amplitude, derived from the convolution integral. Together the proposed equations provide us with a first order approximation of lens characteristics using basic lens and recharge parameters without the use of numerical models. This enables the assessment of the vulnerability of any thin fresh water lens on saline, upward seeping groundwater to salinity stress in the root zone.

scholarly journals Response to recharge variation of thin lenses and their mixing zone with underlying saline groundwater

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1435-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Eeman ◽  
S. E. A. T. M. van der Zee ◽  
A. Leijnse ◽  
P. G. B. de Louw ◽  
C. Maas
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Order Approximation ◽  
Flux Ratio ◽  
Step Response ◽  
Mixing Zone ◽  
Saline Groundwater ◽  
Lens Thickness

Abstract. In coastal zones with saline groundwater, fresh groundwater lenses may form due to infiltration of rain water. The thickness of both the lens and the mixing zone, determines fresh water availability for plant growth. Due to recharge variation, the thickness of the lens and the mixing zone are not constant, which may adversely affect agricultural and natural vegetation if saline water reaches the root zone during the growing season. In this paper, we study the response of thin lenses and their mixing zone to variation of recharge. The recharge is varied using sinusoids with a range of amplitudes and frequencies. We vary lens characteristics by varying the Rayleigh number and Mass flux ratio of saline and fresh water, as these dominantly influence the thickness of thin lenses and their mixing zone. Numerical results show a linear relation between the normalized lens volume and the main lens and recharge characteristics, enabling an analytical approximation of the variation of lens thickness. Increase of the recharge amplitude causes increase, and increase of recharge frequency causes decrease in the variation of lens thickness. The average lens thickness is not significantly influenced by these variations in recharge, contrary to the mixing zone thickness. The mixing zone thickness is compared to that of a Fickian mixing regime. A simple relation between the travelled distance of the center of the mixing zone position due to variations in recharge and the mixing zone thickness is shown to be valid for both a sinusoidal recharge variation and actual records of daily recharge data. Starting from a step response function, convolution can be used to determine the effect of variable recharge in time. For a sinusoidal curve, we can determine delay of lens movement compared to the recharge curve as well as the lens amplitude, derived from the convolution integral. Together the proposed equations provide us with a first order approximation of lens characteristics using basic lens and recharge parameters without the use of numerical models. This enables the assessment of the vulnerability of any thin fresh water lens on saline, upward seeping groundwater to salinity stress in the root zone.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic warming and intraseasonal summer monsoon variability amplify the risk of future flash droughts in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vimal Mishra ◽  
Saran Aadhar ◽  
Shanti Shwarup Mahto
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Monsoon Rainfall ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Intraseasonal Variability ◽  
Positive Temperature ◽  
Groundwater Abstraction ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractFlash droughts cause rapid depletion in root-zone soil moisture and severely affect crop health and irrigation water demands. However, their occurrence and impacts in the current and future climate in India remain unknown. Here we use observations and model simulations from the large ensemble of Community Earth System Model to quantify the risk of flash droughts in India. Root-zone soil moisture simulations conducted using Variable Infiltration Capacity model show that flash droughts predominantly occur during the summer monsoon season (June–September) and driven by the intraseasonal variability of monsoon rainfall. Positive temperature anomalies during the monsoon break rapidly deplete soil moisture, which is further exacerbated by the land-atmospheric feedback. The worst flash drought in the observed (1951–2016) climate occurred in 1979, affecting more than 40% of the country. The frequency of concurrent hot and dry extremes is projected to rise by about five-fold, causing approximately seven-fold increase in flash droughts like 1979 by the end of the 21st century. The increased risk of flash droughts in the future is attributed to intraseasonal variability of the summer monsoon rainfall and anthropogenic warming, which can have deleterious implications for crop production, irrigation demands, and groundwater abstraction in India.

scholarly journals Visual research landscape of surface water and groundwater interactions (1980 - 2017)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dasapta Erwin Irawan ◽  
Budi Brahmantyo ◽  
Deny Juanda Puradimaja ◽  
Priyono ◽  
Achmad Darul
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Visual Research ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater ◽  
Online Tools ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Joint Seminar ◽  
Research Initiatives ◽  
Scientometric Study

This document will submitted to Journal Information. This paper is one of the main output of our P3MI project at ITB. The following research also appear here as an abstract and slides: Making a visual research landscape of surface water and groundwater interactions (1980 - 2017) using free online tools (https://osf.io/preprints/inarxiv/kq5a7/ ) and Current status of hydrogeological research - ITB-Tohoku joint seminar (https://osf.io/preprints/inarxiv/dum64/)---Surface water is closely linked to unconfined groundwater, especially in Indonesia, where shallow aquifers are mostly composed of unconsoli- dated layers. To put Indonesia’s research on surface water and ground- water interactions in to perspective, we did a scientometric study based on literature search using VosViewer and Scopus database. We analyzed a corpus of 281 papers to extract the hidden pattern of information us- ing text mining algorithm. There are five clusters of subtopic that we gained from the dataset: modeling/simulation, contamination, water bal- ance, and climate-land use. We also find multiple gaps in the literature that mostly related to local geological settings. Based on that, we endorse Indonesia authors to start looking at the unique socio-economic and bio- geophysical features, and report it in form of scientific papers/reports and disseminate their key points online to get more international atten- tion. Based on the results, we also push Indonesian scientific community to lead more international collaboration to promote local distinctive fea- tures using widespread collaboration tools online. Given the lack of fund- ing, we also promote the usage of free and open source tools for any kinds of research initiatives.

scholarly journals The effect of pumping saline groundwater for desalination on the fresh–saline water interface dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 46-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaked Stein ◽  
Yoseph Yechieli ◽  
Eyal Shalev ◽  
Roni Kasher ◽  
Orit Sivan
Keyword(s):  
Saline Water ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Interface Dynamics ◽  
Saline Groundwater

scholarly journals Integrating partial root-zone drying and saline water irrigation to sustain sunflower production in freshwater-scarce regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. 106094
Author(s):  
Moazam Khaleghi ◽  
Farzad Hassanpour ◽  
Fatemeh Karandish ◽  
Ali Shahnazari
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Saline Water Irrigation ◽  
Sunflower Production

Alternative production systems to reduce nitrates in ground water

1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert I. Papendick ◽  
Lloyd F. Elliott ◽  
James F. Power
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations

AbstractEvidence indicates a strong positive relationship between increases in nitrogen fertilizer use on cropland and nitrate concentrations in shallow ground water. This raises concern about the fate and efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer with current farming practices. Approximately 50 percent of the nitrogen fertilizer applied may be recovered by agronomic crops and 35 percent or less removed in the harvested grain of a crop such as corn. The residual nitrogen is subject to loss by several processes, one being leaching from the crop root zone. Alternative production systems that provide ground water protection must give attention to improved management of nitrogen fertilizer and to practices that minimize the need for nitrogen fertilizer and reduce soil nitrate concentrations. Most important in nitrogen fertilizer management is to more closely match nitrogen availability in the soil with crop needs and to avoid over-fertilization. Nitrogen fertilizer use can be reduced by alternate cropping of low and high nitrogen-demanding crops, use of legumes in the crop rotation to fix nitrogen, and proper use of manures, crop residues, and other organic wastes. Residual nitrates in soil can be reduced by use of cover crops, nitrogen-scavenging crops in the rotation, and alternating shallow and deep-rooted crops. Conservation tillage alone as used with many conventional cropping systems will probably not change the current status of nitrate leaching. Practices used by organic farmers should be carefully studied as possible approaches for ground water protection and adaptation into conservation tillage systems for conserving soil and water resources.

scholarly journals Role of different planting techniques in improving the water logging tolerance and productivity of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
M Aslam ◽  
HM Nasrullah ◽  
M Akhtar ◽  
B Ali ◽  
M Akram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Root Zones ◽  
Water Logging ◽  
Arid And Semiarid

Sesame is a well known oil seed crop in arid and semiarid region of Pakistan and its productivity is affected due to sensitiveness to water logging in the root zones. The experiment was conducted at research area of Agronomic Research Station, Bahawalpur during the year 2010 and 2011. The crop was sown by three different planting techniques i.e. flat sowing with 45cm apart rows, ridge sowing with 45cm apart, bed sowing with 60/30 cm i.e. 60 cm wide beds with 30 cm furrow between the beds. The data revealed that maximum number of plants wilted in flat planting as compared to other methods of planting were taken in this experiment. It was also recorded that bed planting at 90cm apart beds gave maximum grain yield of 843 kg ha-1 followed by ridge planting (seed spreading by broadcast and with augmented furrows) with a grain yield of 811 kg ha-1. The lowest yield was obtained from conventional method of sowing which gave 349 kg ha-1 grain yield. Water logging stress in the root zone can successfully be avoided by planting sesame on beds or ridges under climatic conditions of Bahawalpur.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 50(3), 193-198, 2015

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document