scholarly journals Toward the Sustainable Metropolis: The Challenge of Planning Regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8189
Author(s):  
Nurit Alfasi ◽  
Talia Margalit
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Urban Sustainability ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Urban Dynamics ◽  
Tel Aviv ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
The Third ◽  
Municipal Management

Promoting urban sustainability and resilience is a demanding and challenging task. This paper focuses on the obstacles related to planning and regulation that stem from the structure of urban planning apparatuses and the substantial incompatibilities between them and common urban dynamics. Based on case studies from Tel Aviv-Jaffa, whose urban structure and municipal management appear to support the vision of urban sustainability and resilience, this paper presents three types of obstacles and concludes with four major challenges. The first obstacle relates to keeping urban infrastructure updated according to new technologies and knowledge. The second involves acknowledging the unintended consequences of planning actions, particularly those engaged with “green” policies. The third refers to confronting entrenched urban structures and processes. The practical obstacles include awareness of the widening social and spatial gaps that may result from uneven sustainability and resilience adaptation; the importance of keeping “open minds” about the required adaptation of plans and facilities to new knowledge and technologies; awareness of the fact that big plans require prolonged processes, which likely means timely adaptation of programs and means; and the need to facilitate communication between urban and governmental bodies and prepare for frequent coordination and consultation in various combinations.

scholarly journals Supporting a Decision for Informal Settlements Development using the Analytical Network Process

2019 ◽  
pp. 140-153
Author(s):  
Ayman M. Zakaria Eraqi ◽  
Usama Hamed Issa ◽  
Mary A. A. Elminiawy
Keyword(s):  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Analytic Network Process ◽  
Optimal Decision ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Development Fund ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
The Third ◽  
Complex Problems ◽  
Network Process ◽  
Development Plans

Developing informal settlements has become an important issue for improving urban structures in developing countries. An Informal Settlements Development Fund (ISDF) was presented to Egypt for supporting urban, economic, social and environmental plans. Development plans do not clearly take into account population priorities or satisfaction criteria. Furthermore, evaluating several alternatives was based on usual statistical methods that cannot deal with multiple criteria or complex problems, leading to imprecise results. Nowadays, adding value to the developed area, restoring cost, and studying social and economic plan impacts on the population, represent high priorities. In this study, a model concerns the optimal decision evaluation for multi-criteria in informal settlements development was proposed. Five clusters (criteria) were identified and included the efficiencies of urban structure, economic, social, and environmental, in addition to population satisfaction. Twenty one internal factors represented in nods were categorized under the five clusters and affecting proposed four alternatives. The model depended on the Analytic Network Process (ANP) technique which is used to support multi-criteria decision making. ANP was selected for its capability to deal with complex problems, create dependencies and feedbacks as well as use the relative weights of all interactions. This technique confirms a logical decision and accurate prediction amongst numerous alternatives. The model was validated and applied to an informal settlements area as a case study in Egypt. The results supported to use first alternative by 38.20%, while the ISDF results selected the third alternative. Moreover, the detailed analysis emphasized that the first alternative was more balanced between the social elements and the direct economic requirements of the population, while the third alternative tended to achieve restoring cost despite its negative social effects. Lastly, the proposed model can be used appropriately in similar cases to improve informal settlements.

NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND PRACTICES FOR WASTE MINIMIZATION IN THE CHEMICAL AND PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES : FINDINGS OF THE SALVADOR, BRAZIL, 1993 CONFERENCE

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Francisco Fontes Lima ◽  
Francisco Alves Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Waste Minimization ◽  
Source Control ◽  
International Conference ◽  
The Third ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Petrochemical Industries

This paper describes the findings of the “Third International Conference on Waste Management in the Chemical and Petrochemical Industries,” held in Salvador, Brazil, October 20-23, 1993. A summary of the 74 technical papers, divided into six major categories, is presented together with comments on the more stringent legislation concerning source control programmes. Case studies of two large chemical complexes that have been developing successful waste minimization programmes are described in detail: CETREL-Environmental Protection Company in Camaçari, Brazil, and BASF AG in Ludwigshafen, Germany.

This Little Piggy Went to Market: The Xenotransplantation and Xenozoonose Debate

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Clark
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Recent Letter ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Private Citizens ◽  
Clinical Risks ◽  
Natural Barriers

New technologies are changing our lives radically and quickly. New biotechnologies are moving to commercial uses faster than government regulators or private citizens can monitor. This tension manifests itself in the current debates over xenotransplantation technologies in medicine. The possibility of removing cells, tissues, and organs from animals and transplanting them into human beings is startling and unnerving. Natural immunesystem barriers between species, and even between individuals within a species, are formidable. Typically, transplantation results in violent rejection and death of the grafted organ. But despite the natural barriers to transplantation, xenotransplantation aims specifically to overcome them.In this paper, I will discuss applications of xenograft technology, which raises clinical risks, ethical concerns, and policy issues. I conclude with a set of specific recommendations. As a recent letter to the journal Nature puts it, there is a “split between those who want to get it right, and those who want to get it right now.” No one knows what all the risks, benefits, and unintended consequences of xenotransplantation will be.

Atverčiant primirštą Lietuvos kultūros puslapį: Vilniaus modernizmo atspindžiai pavelde

2021 ◽  
pp. 213-229
Author(s):  
Edita Povilaitytė-Leliugienė
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Heritage Preservation ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
General Law ◽  
Central Heating ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Modern Technologies

The analyses of interwar Vilnius heritage preservation, research, and maintenance concentrated mostly on discussions about the general law, state tendency, and case studies of good and bad practices. However, the more modern heritage preservation, research, or maintenance theories and aspects during the interwar period were neglected. Therefore, this article aims to analyse if modern technologies, ideas, and methods in the heritage research and maintenance (mostly in the reconstructions and adaptation of heritage buildings for new purposes) projects were adapted or not in interwar Vilnius. According to this aim, the article analyses a few heritage maintenance works and emphasises how architects used new technologies, modern architecture details, and ideas in the heritage maintenance projects and their realisation. Technologies as central heating system, electrification, canalisation, toilets, or bright interiors, wide air-spaces were inseparable from modernism perspective. The architecture of buildings and urban structures were modernised and improved for better living quality. Also, ideas and technologies did not avoid the heritage objects, especially civil buildings as Vilnius Town Hall, squares as Cathedral square, defensive heritage object as Vilnius Upper Castle. However, the analysis maintains that modern technologies were used moderately and kept a respectful tone with the authentic heritage, whole complex, and elements.

scholarly journals Spatial Economics, Urban Informatics, and Transport Accessibility

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-132
Author(s):  
Ying Jin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Econometrics ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Transport Accessibility ◽  
City Regions ◽  
Intellectual Context ◽  
Central Pillar

AbstractOne central pillar in the development of urban science which is key to the development of simulation of models of urban structure is spatial econometrics. In this chapter, we outline the way in which ideas pertaining to accessibility which we define conventionally, as in transport economics, as the relative nearness and size of locations to one another, can be embedded in a wider econometric framework. We are thus able to explore how GDP (gross domestic product) of different locations is influenced by different spatial investments. To illustrate this, we first outline the intellectual context, followed by a review of the most relevant econometric models. We examine the data required for such models and look at various quantifications in terms of elasticities of business productivity with respect to transport accessibility, using ordinary least squares, time-series fixed effects, and a range of dynamic panel-data models which narrow down the valid range of estimates. We then show how the model is applied to Guangdong province (with its connections to Hong Kong and Macau), which is one of the three major mega-city regions and a leading adopter of new technologies in China.

Dynamic virtual infrastructure benchmarking: DynaVIBe

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sitzenfrei ◽  
S. Fach ◽  
M. Kleidorfer ◽  
C. Urich ◽  
W. Rauch
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Virtual Infrastructure

In environmental engineering, identification of problems and their solutions as well as the identification of the relevant processes involved is often done by means of case study analyses. By researching the operation of urban drainage and water distribution systems, this methodology is suited to evaluate new technologies, strategies or measures with regard to their impact on the overall processes. However, data availability is often limited and data collection and the development of new models are both costly and time consuming. Hence, new technologies, strategies or measures can only be tested on a limited number of case studies. In several environmental disciplines a few virtual case studies have been manually developed to provide data for research tasks and these are repeatedly used in different research projects. Efforts have also been invested in tackling limited data availability with the algorithmic generation of virtual case studies having constant or varying boundary conditions. The data provided by such tools is nevertheless only available for a certain instance in time. With DynaVIBe (Dynamic Virtual Infrastructure Benchmarking), numerous virtual case studies are algorithmically generated with a temporal development of the urban structure (population and land use model) and infrastructure. This provides a methodology that allows for the analysis of future scenarios on a spatio-temporal city scale. By linking a population model with DynaVIBe's infrastructure models, socio-economics impacts on infrastructure and system coherences can be investigated. The problematic of limited case study data is solved by the algorithmic generation of an unlimited number of virtual case studies, which are dynamic over time. Additionally, this methodology can also be applied on real world data for probabilistic future scenario analysis.

Copies, Clouds, and Streams

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Perzanowski ◽  
Jason Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Storage ◽  
High Speed ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
The Third ◽  
Major Shift ◽  
High Speed Data ◽  
Streaming Services ◽  
Ownership Rights

This chapter outlines three major transformations in how consumers acquire copyrighted content, and the gradual erosion of ownership rights that accompanied them. Historically, copyrighted works were distributed through tangible copies. In the early 2000s, the first transformation took place through the rise of digital downloads. Second, remote cloud storage allowed consumers to access remote copies through high-speed data connections. The third major shift, to subscription streaming services, is now underway. With each step in this progression, consumers have sacrificed permanence and stability for lower prices and convenience. More importantly, copyright law has failed to keep up with the development of these new technologies. Copyright law has focused on the copy/work distinction to delineate the rights of copyright holders and consumers, but the traditional tangible copy is disappearing from the marketplace.

Facing the Three Ds

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-41
Author(s):  
Clara Rachel Eybalin Casseus
Keyword(s):  
Local Development ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Urban Dynamics ◽  
The Third ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The City ◽  
Environmental Landscape ◽  
Epistemic Perspective ◽  
Level Analysis

In this chapter, the author provides a unique set of insights concerning the policy of urban dynamics that is part of a complex process. The focus is on how disasters and development are understood and experienced through the lens of decolonial thinking based on a discussion of the displaced issue in a complex global socio-economic context of the city. Because the third world is associated with development needs to be reformulated in terms of dialogues from different enunciation loci, it becomes pertinent to consider the decolonial epistemic perspective in a space that constantly faces disasters that jeopardize its development in the framework of the effects on the environmental landscape and local development initiatives of Hurricane Dorian. Based on an informative discussion of an institutional level analysis, the author concludes with important insights about the case of Haitians in the Bahamas to demonstrate some interesting implications for (mis)management through NGOs.

New Strategies Needed as Third Industrial Age Unfolds

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Chim Richard Wong
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
The Third ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Industrial Age ◽  
The World ◽  
Technical Proficiency ◽  
High Level ◽  
Technological Improvements ◽  
Capital Intensive ◽  
New Strategies

Many today believe the world has entered the Third Industrial Age, during which technological improvements in robotics and automation will boost productivity and efficiency, implying significant gains for companies. These advancements have three biases: they tend to be capital-intensive (favoring those with financial resources), skill-intensive (favoring those with a high level of technical proficiency), and labor saving (reducing the total number of unskilled and semi-skilled jobs). The pundits speculate the economic impact on the job market will be significant and will present serious social and political challenges for society in growing inequality and the provision of safety nets to mitigate the consequences of disruptive technological progress. History has shown capitalist markets and business enterprises are incredibly efficient at turning technological advances into profitable businesses and providing incentives to discover new technologies. They succeed because companies that compete successfully with each other to provide benefits for clients are rewarded handsomely.

scholarly journals Artificial Barriers of the Cities

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Martina Peřinková ◽  
Eva Slováková ◽  
Václav Potůček
Keyword(s):  
Urban Structure ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pros And Cons

Urban structure is constantly changing. Its development was influenced by several important steps in history of any city. Up to interval of time, it is possible to accept the assessment of the pros and cons, but mainly emerging lessons for the future. When studying the map sources, the authors of the article found three main groups. These groups have got common working title barriers of the cities. For the single barriers of the cities were chosen the specific examples of urban structures on which the effects of their influence were demonstrated. On the basis of the influence of the three groups of barriers were defined two basic structures of the cities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document