scholarly journals Accessibility of Services in Rural Areas: Southern Moravia Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9103
Author(s):  
Antonín Vaishar ◽  
Milada Šťastná
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
The South ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Basic Services ◽  
Time Distance ◽  
Extended Power

The accessibility of basic services in rural settlements in the South Moravian Region was evaluated; the accessibility by public transport was taken into account because the accessibility by individual car transport does not manifest any problems. The accessibility was calculated for 768 rural settlements, defined as spatially separate places which do not belong to municipalities with extended power. The time distance includes the time of the ride plus 8 min walking distance to and from the stop. The data was taken from the Integrated Transport System of the South Moravian Region, which ensures that each populated place in the region has to be connected by public transport at least six times on working days. The results show that for 99.8% of the inhabitants of the region, central places equipped with a post office, a basic school and a general practitioner’s office are accessible in a shorter time than 30 min. The accessibility of the services depends primarily on the characteristics of the settlement system and the physical conditions of the transport. In lowland areas, the share of settlements with comfortable accessibility is expressively higher than that of the highland and peripheral territories. The possible future improvement consists of the digitization of the services.

scholarly journals Demand Responsive Transport Service of ‘Dead-End Villages’ in Interurban Traffic

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3820
Author(s):  
András Lakatos ◽  
János Tóth ◽  
Péter Mándoki
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Transport Service ◽  
Performance Requirement ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Trip Distance ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Public Transport Service

Providing a sustainable public transport service for areas with several small villages or hamlets is a challenge for the whole of Europe. To serve ‘dead-end villages’, vehicles must make a to-and-fro detour to each village, which requires considerable performance from the operator, and the service must also be ordered from the responsible bodies. The number of inhabitants in rural areas is constantly decreasing, and the remaining residents are aging. This process is due to the fact that economically active people in the country tend to move into towns offering jobs and public institutions instead of commuting to work. The performance requirement of serving low transport demand areas like ‘dead-end villages’ is high, while the number of passengers is very low. Furthermore, passengers are economically less active, and thus their transport must largely be subsidized. The present study hypothesizes that replacing traditional public transport with demand responsive transport (DRT) can make the service of rural areas with less public transport service and low demand sustainable. To prove this hypothesis, a generally applicable, innovative method of analysis based on performance–allocation is introduced, and the application of this method is illustrated by a case study conducted in northeastern Hungary. The number of ‘dead-end villages’ is high in the surveyed area; consequently, the results are impressive. The mathematical model applied here uses several parameters (e.g., population, traffic surveys, trip distance, operational costs), thus the analysis is highly complex.

scholarly journals Walking to a public transport station

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rumana Islam Sarker ◽  
Markus Mailer ◽  
Sujit Kumar Sikder
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Intercept Survey ◽  
Sustainable Planning ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
German City

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the actual walking distance to public transport (PuT) stations and to report passenger perceptions on route choice. Design/methodology/approach A systematic case study has been conducted after administrating a tailor-made paper-based intercept survey in a German city (Munich). It can determine the interrelation between the accessibility of the transit service and evaluation on walking distance acceptance. Statistical analysis and geo-spatial approach were completed for obtaining major findings. Findings Statistical and geo-spatial analysis shows that respondents living in low-density areas walk longer than residents living in nearby inner city areas. In terms of PuT modes, residents walk longer for suburban train and subway/metro (U-Bahn) than for bus/tram services. Transit users accept a longer walking distance to reach a train station than other PuT modes and they choose the most direct and quickest route to reach PuT stations. Research limitations/implications Findings of this study would help to formulate future strategies and standards for the sustainable planning of public transportation systems in the context of Munich and many other cities around the globe with similar conditions. However, future research should be conducted using a large-scale survey for evaluating the comprehensive picture of walking patterns to PuT stations. Accessibility to PuT stations can also be modeled and evaluated by adopting open data and voluntary social media information. Unfortunately, this study only presents a partial evaluation of walking focused on accessibility at selected PuT stations in different settings of the urban fabric. Social implications This empirical study can be considered as an initial finding in the favor of the city transport authority to provide a design scale for improved accessibility of transit users; however, further investigation should be conducted using a large-scale survey for evaluating the comprehensive walking patterns. Originality/value A systematic case study has been conducted after administrating a tailor-made paper-based intercept survey in a German city (Munich). Findings of this study would help to formulate future strategies and standard for the sustainable planning of the public transportation system in the context of Munich and many other cities in the globe with similar conditions.

scholarly journals The Role of Services and Facilities in Population Sustainability of Rural Settlements (Case Study: The Villages in Central Region of Birjand city)

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Hossein Hashemi ◽  
Hamid Jafari ◽  
Mohammad Ali Ahmadian
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Population Decrease ◽  
The Social ◽  
Population Sustainability

The studies show that today, the process of the social-economic changes and the increasing dynamism and replacement of the human groups have led to the changes in the rural areas. Therefore, the issue that basically, which factors have been effective on population sustainability in the rural settlements has been always arisen. The current study also has sought to find answer to this question. The current study is of descriptive-analytical type in terms of the methodology. The statistical population of the current study is all the villages in central zone of Birjand City which have had a population of more than 100 people (89 villages) according to 2016’s census. In order to determine the sample size, firstly 9 rural settlements in central zone of Birjand City which had the highest population decrease during 2006 to 2016, were selected. Then, based on the number of households in these 9 villages (691 households), 247 households were chosen according to Cochran Formula, to fill in the questionnaire, and finally, the samples were distributed by the stratified random sampling based on the ratio of each village’s household share. The descriptive-inferential method by the use of the SPSS was utilized for data analysis. The results indicated that the services and facilities have had a significant role in population sustainability of the rural settlements.

scholarly journals Bottling the Colonial Unconscious: Ethical value networks and the commodification of fairness in the South African wine industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kelle Howson
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
The South ◽  
Commodity Fetishism ◽  
Value Networks ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Economic Upgrading

<p>The rise of ethical certifications was greeted with optimism by scholars, activists and development practitioners, who predicted they would help to redistribute power and profit more equitably in South-North commodity trade, which has long been an engine of wealth extraction and underdevelopment in the resource periphery. The explicit attachment of value to the social and territorial origin of agro-food products would allow marginalised producers to resist corporate governance, race-to-the-bottom processes, and commodity fetishism. This would result in the retention of higher value at the production end of the chain, thereby fostering sustainable development in rural areas in the Global South.  I investigate the extent to which power and profit is indeed redistributed more equitably in these new ‘ethical value networks’, through a case study of the South African wine industry. Complex apparatus of standards-setting, verification and auditing have formed the basis of strategies for post-apartheid transformation, redistribution and development in the South African wine industry, with progress conceptualised as taking place at the level of business. In this context, ethical certification constitutes a contemporary labour relations paradigm which in key ways reproduces ‘colonial unconscious’ discourses derived from the legacies of slavery, apartheid and farm paternalism. These embedded discursive power formations restrict the transformative potential of ethical certification. For ethical development to occur as a result of ethical value network formation, I argue that workers must gain greater agency and regulatory capability in the governance of these networks.  I find also that ethical certification has not been an effective economic upgrading strategy for the South African wine industry. Instead, due to their deployment within oligopolistic networks, ethics have become commodified, and subject to neoliberal governance. Northern retailers have used their existing power to accumulate the value created by alignment with ethical conventions, and to avoid the costs. Ethical certifications compound the severe ‘cost-price squeeze’ faced by wine producers. This case study has broader implications for the theory of ethical value networks: showing that they are relational, geographically contingent, and remain susceptible to asymmetric governance and accumulation patterns.</p>

scholarly journals Analysis and Evaluation of the Effects of Housing Foundation Activities on Improving the Physical and Social Dimension of Development of Rural Settlements Case Study: Moghan County (Germi) Villages

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Firouz Mahdizade Kalansara ◽  
Mahdi Jahani ◽  
MohammadAli Ahmadian
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Rural Municipality ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Rural development has a close relationship with structural processes such as social and physical processes. Therefore, in this study, the effects of housing activities in two social and physical dimensions of villages in the city of Germi have been investigated.In order to know about the issues and the results of the preparation and implementation of these projects, it is necessary to study case studies of eligible villages, in this regard, to evaluate the plans of the rural municipality and villagers and the rural ownership document in the villages of Moghan (Germi) 55 villages of the city have been implemented. In this research, descriptive-analytic method has been used based on documentary studies and field operations (questionnaire, interview, etc.). Given the number of villages and the high number of households in rural areas, a sample size of 287 households was determined using the Cochran formula and distributed randomly among the households living in each village. The results of the research show that the relationship between the activities of the Housing Foundation and the social development of the villages is significant (the value is less than 0.05), the intensity of the relationship is 0.033, and the direct and the positive, as well as the relationship between the activities of the Foundation Housing and sustainable development of the villages are meaningful, (the value of which is less than 0.05), the intensity of the relationship is equal to 0.629, is direct and positive.

scholarly journals What Drives the Private Innovation in Rural Areas? In-Depth Case Study of Slovak Rural Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Hrivnák Michal ◽  
Roháčiková Oľga ◽  
Schwarcz Pavol
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Business Services ◽  
Rural Economies ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Baseline Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
Basic Infrastructure

Innovation and small fast-growing knowledge-intensive enterprises are often described as a potential engine for development of rural economies of the post-socialistic countries, struggling with problem of depopulation, decline of agriculture, monostructural economic base, overexploitation of natural resources and many others. However, we still know too little about, how private innovation emerge in underdeveloped space or how knowledge-intensive economic activities can successfully operate in small municipalities, providing almost non business services, basic infrastructure or potential for local networking. Thus, in this regional case study, we wanted to shed a light on a phenomenon of private innovation emergence in small rural settlements, provide baseline knowledge about motivation and determining factors of development of the innovative business in the rural, local economies. Special attention was devoted to examining the relationship between family entrepreneurship, residence of entrepreneur, interest to contribute to solution of local challenges and localization of knowledge-intensive business in rural municipality.

scholarly journals Bottling the Colonial Unconscious: Ethical value networks and the commodification of fairness in the South African wine industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kelle Howson
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
The South ◽  
Commodity Fetishism ◽  
Value Networks ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Economic Upgrading

<p>The rise of ethical certifications was greeted with optimism by scholars, activists and development practitioners, who predicted they would help to redistribute power and profit more equitably in South-North commodity trade, which has long been an engine of wealth extraction and underdevelopment in the resource periphery. The explicit attachment of value to the social and territorial origin of agro-food products would allow marginalised producers to resist corporate governance, race-to-the-bottom processes, and commodity fetishism. This would result in the retention of higher value at the production end of the chain, thereby fostering sustainable development in rural areas in the Global South.  I investigate the extent to which power and profit is indeed redistributed more equitably in these new ‘ethical value networks’, through a case study of the South African wine industry. Complex apparatus of standards-setting, verification and auditing have formed the basis of strategies for post-apartheid transformation, redistribution and development in the South African wine industry, with progress conceptualised as taking place at the level of business. In this context, ethical certification constitutes a contemporary labour relations paradigm which in key ways reproduces ‘colonial unconscious’ discourses derived from the legacies of slavery, apartheid and farm paternalism. These embedded discursive power formations restrict the transformative potential of ethical certification. For ethical development to occur as a result of ethical value network formation, I argue that workers must gain greater agency and regulatory capability in the governance of these networks.  I find also that ethical certification has not been an effective economic upgrading strategy for the South African wine industry. Instead, due to their deployment within oligopolistic networks, ethics have become commodified, and subject to neoliberal governance. Northern retailers have used their existing power to accumulate the value created by alignment with ethical conventions, and to avoid the costs. Ethical certifications compound the severe ‘cost-price squeeze’ faced by wine producers. This case study has broader implications for the theory of ethical value networks: showing that they are relational, geographically contingent, and remain susceptible to asymmetric governance and accumulation patterns.</p>

scholarly journals Tipologi Potensi Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) di Sekitar Stasiun Light Rail Transit (LRT) Sumatera Selatan

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Fatimah
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Light Rail Transit ◽  
Transit Oriented Development ◽  
The South ◽  
Cluster Data ◽  
Base Data

AbstrakLight Rail Transit (LRT) Sumatera Selatan dengan 13 stasiun pemberhentian menyediakan alternatif moda transportasi umum massal di Kota Palembang. Jalur LRT sepanjang sekitar 23 kilometer membentang dari utara ke selatan yang merupakan koridor utama Kota Palembang. Stasiun sebagai titik transit perpindahan dari moda transportasi LRT ke angkutan umum lainnya dan sebaliknya, berpotensi untuk menjadi bagian dari pengembangan Transit-Oriented Development (TOD). Masing-masing stasiun memiliki karakteristik tertentu sesuai kondisi lingkungan terbangun di sekitarnya. Pengelompokan stasiun sebagai area yang potensial untuk pengembangan TOD menyederhanakan perencanaan dan perancangannya. Dengan menggunakan data berbasis spasial, yaitu kepadatan penduduk, persentase kawasan perkantoran, persentase kawasan komersial, rata-rata jarak berjalan kaki, dan kepadatan persimpangan, dilakukan analisis cluster. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 3 cluster potensi TOD pada jalur LRT yaitu cluster dengan jarak berjalan jauh, cluster kawasan komersial dan/atau perkantoran, dan cluster area padat penduduk dan/atau persimpangan.Kata kunci: Light Rail Transit (LRT), Transit-Oriented Development (TOD), Analisis Cluster, Data Berbasis Spasial.AbstractThe Typology of the Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) Potential around the South Sumatera Light Rail Transit (LRT): The South Sumatera Light Rail Transit (LRT) that has 13 stops provides an alternative mass public transport mode in Palembang City. The LRT track is around 23 kilometers, run from north to south of Palembang City which is the main corridor. As a transit point from the LRT to other public transport and vice versa, stations potentially be a part of the TOD development area. Each station has certain characteristics according to the built environment around it. Grouping stations as potential areas for TOD development simplifies planning and design. Using spatial base data including population density, percentage of office area, percentage of the commercial area, average walking distance, and intersection density as variables, cluster analysis was conducted. The results of the analysis showed that there were 3 TOD clusters in the LRT pathway including the cluster with long walking distance, cluster in the commercial and/or office area, and cluster in the dense population and/or intersections.Keywords:  Light Rail Transit (LRT), Transit-Oriented Development (TOD), Cluster Analysis, Spatial Base Data.

Public Transport as a Provider of MaaS in Rural Areas

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-124
Author(s):  
Lars E. Olsson ◽  
Margareta Friman
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Transport Service ◽  
User Perspective ◽  
Travel Behaviors ◽  
Public Transport Service

Mobility as a service (MaaS), in this case study, involves the integration of different travel modes into a mutual service that handles bookings and payments for individual trips. In this chapter, the authors discuss how a public transport authority has developed a MaaS for rural areas by integrating a public transport service with carpooling. The project's development, the platform's functionality, ideas for future development, and experiences of the service are analyzed from both a management and a user perspective. One overall conclusion reached is that public transport may very well develop and offer MaaS; however, there are a number of barriers to overcome concerning the legal aspects, changed travel behaviors, and density.

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