scholarly journals Indigenous Aureobasidium pullulans Strains as Biocontrol Agents of Botrytis cinerea on Grape Berries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9389
Author(s):  
Viola Galli ◽  
Yuri Romboli ◽  
Damiano Barbato ◽  
Eleonora Mari ◽  
Manuel Venturi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Grey Mould ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Data Registration ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
The Mean

Aureobasidium pullulans is a yeast-like fungus found on the surface of the grape berries that has been proven to act as a biocontrol agent for the management of grey mould disease caused by Botrytis cinerea. In this work, an indigenous strain of A. pullulans isolated from grape berries and selected according to the in vitro activity against B. cinerea, was used in vineyards of the winery where it originated, in comparison with a commercial product containing two A. pullulans strains with the aim of assessing its effectiveness as a biocontrol agent. The experimental design included daily meteorological data registration and the early defoliation of grapevines as treatments. The monitoring of A. pullulans strains on grape berries by plate counts and molecular methods as well as of B. cinerea symptoms on grape bunches was performed in the different trials from the end of flowering to the harvest time. Results highlighted that although no significant differences (p < 0.05) in the occurrence of B. cinerea were detected according to different treatments, the mean incidence of symptomatic berries ranged from 7 to 16%, with the lowest values recorded in bunches treated with the indigenous A. pullulans strain. The efficacy of the biocontrol agent was affected more by meteorological conditions than the defoliation practice.

scholarly journals New epiphytic yeasts able to reduce grey mold disease on apples

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 248-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kheireddine Amina ◽  
Essghaier Badiâa ◽  
Hedi Abdeljabar ◽  
Sadfi-Zouaoui Cyrine Dhieb Najla
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽  
Grey Mould ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Grey Mold ◽  
Cryptococcus Flavescens

Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of grey mould, is a predominant agent causing extensive postharvest and quality losses of apples in Tunisia and worldwide. Efforts to manage this disease have met with limited success. For this reason, the use of microorganism preparations to control fungal diseases as an alternative to fungicides became an urgent need. From a total of 60 epiphytic yeasts, 10 were assessed in vitro against B. cinerea and selected isolates showing antagonism were evaluated for their ability to suppress the grey mould in vivo. On Petri plates, the most promising strains (three strains of Aureobasidium pullulans, one Cryptococcus flavescens, and one Citeromyces matritensis) showed a zone of inhibition against the pathogen fungus not exceeding 10 mm. In vivo, these isolates showed a remarkable antifungal activity since they significantly reduced disease severity on apples from 63% to 95% compared to the control. In conclusion, the work has demonstrated that the three strains, L7 of Aureobasidium pullulans, L2 of Citeromyces matritensis, and L10 of Cryptococcus flavescens, were highly effective and can be used as potential biocontrol agents in controlling the post-harvest decay of apples caused by B. cinerea.

scholarly journals Biological control of strawberry crown rot, root rot and grey mould by the beneficial fungus Aureobasidium pullulans

BioControl ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mudassir Iqbal ◽  
Maha Jamshaid ◽  
Muhammad Awais Zahid ◽  
Erik Andreasson ◽  
Ramesh R. Vetukuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽  
Grey Mould ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Whole Plants

AbstractUtilization of biocontrol agents is a sustainable approach to reduce plant diseases caused by fungal pathogens. In the present study, we tested the effect of the candidate biocontrol fungus Aureobasidium pullulans (De Bary) G. Armaud on strawberry under in vitro and in vivo conditions to control crown rot, root rot and grey mould caused by Phytophthora cactorum (Lebert and Cohn) and Botrytis cinerea Pers, respectively. A dual plate confrontation assay showed that mycelial growth of P. cactorum and B. cinerea was reduced by 33–48% when challenged by A. pullulans as compared with control treatments. Likewise, detached leaf and fruit assays showed that A. pullulans significantly reduced necrotic lesion size on leaves and disease severity on fruits caused by P. cactorum and B. cinerea. In addition, greenhouse experiments with whole plants revealed enhanced biocontrol efficacy against root rot and grey mould when treated with A. pullulans either in combination with the pathogen or pre-treated with A. pullulans followed by inoculation of the pathogens. Our results demonstrate that A. pullulans is an effective biocontrol agent to control strawberry diseases caused by fungal pathogens and can be an effective alternative to chemical-based fungicides.

scholarly journals Prediction of Botrytis cinerea Risk in Vineyards Based on Weather Indicators

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Liliana PIRCALABU ◽  
Elena BRINDUSE ◽  
Marian ION
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Grey Mould ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Positive Correlations

Botrytis cinerea causes grey mould, a major disease occurring in vineyards worldwide, resulting in loss of grape production and wine quality. Predictive models of favorability of Botrytis cinerea were used. Therefore, a series of meteorological data from 2010 to 2019 was used. The results showed that the frequency of years with low risk of Botrytis cinerea was 10%, medium risk 10%, high risk 80%. The disease can drastically reduce both yield and wine quality (Ribereau Gayon et al., 1980). The harvest years 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014, favored the manifestation of an attack degree of 62.9% (2012) and 34.2% (2013). Positive correlations were observed in the case of Broome index and Bacchus index with the duration of sunlight (r2 = 0.935), respectively (r2 = 0.944) and the sum of the hours of moisture on the leaves (r2 = 0.833, r2 = 0.848). Based on the results a model for prediction of Botrytis cinerea risk will be developed.

scholarly journals Βιολογική αντιμετώπιση των ωχρατοξικογόνων μυκήτων Aspergillus niger και Aspergillus carbonarius στα σταφύλια με επιφυτικές ζύμες

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Μυρτώ-Αλεξάνδρα Δημακοπούλου-Κοντοσταύλου
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽  
Cryptococcus Laurentii ◽  
Aspergillus Carbonarius ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

Η όξινη σήψη της αμπέλου οφείλεται σε ένα σύμπλοκο παθογόνων μικροοργανισμών, όπως βακτήρια και μύκητες, μεταξύ των οποίων συγκαταλέγονται μύκητες του γένους Aspergillus sp.. Οι κυριότεροι εξ αυτών είναι ο Aspergillus niger και ο Aspergillus carbonarius. Έχει αποδειχθεί ότι ο μύκητας Aspergillus carbonarius και δευτερευόντως ο Aspergillus niger ευθύνονται για την παραγωγή μεταξύ άλλων και της μυκοτοξίνης ωχρατοξίνη-Α. Η ωχρατοξίνη-Α έχει στον άνθρωπο δυσμενείς επιπτώσεις διότι προκαλεί καρκινογένεση, τερατογένεση, νεφροτοξικότητα, μείωση του ανοσοποιητικού συστήματος κ.α. Δεν αποδομείται στις υψηλές θερμοκρασίες και ανιχνεύεται πέρα των σταφυλιών στο γλεύκος και τον παραγόμενο οίνο. Στη παρούσα μελέτη έγινε προσπάθεια καταπολεμήσεως των δύο ωχρατοξικογόνων μυκήτων A. niger και του A. carbonarius με σκοπό την αντιμετώπιση της όξινης σήψεως και την ταυτόχρονη μείωση των επιπέδων της ωχρατοξίνης-Α. Ερευνητικά δεδομένα στη χώρα μας έχουν αποδείξει μείωση του πληθυσμού του Aspergillus carbonarius μετά τη χρήση του μυκητοκτόνου σκευάσματος Switch 25/37,5 που έχει έγκριση κυκλοφορίας στην χώρα μας για την αντιμετώπιση του μύκητα Botrytis cinerea στην άμπελο. Είναι γνωστό ότι διάφοροι επιφυτικοί μικροοργανισμοί, όπως βακτήρια ή μύκητες αντιμετωπίζουν παθογόνα κυρίως μετασυλλεκτικών ασθενειών τόσο σε πειραματικό όσο και σε εμπορικό επίπεδο. Λαμβάνοντας υπ’ όψιν τα ως άνω δεδομένα αυτά επιδιώχθηκε η διερεύνηση της υπάρξεως επιφυτικών ζυμών της αμπέλου ικανών να αντιμετωπίσουν την όξινη σήψη σε επίπεδα αντίστοιχα με εκείνα της χημικής καταπολεμήσεως και παράλληλα να μειώσουν/εξαλείψουν τη συσσώρευση ωχρατοξίνη-Α (ΟΤΑ) στο γλεύκος. Η συγκριτική μελέτη έγινε με το μυκητοκτόνο Switch, για το οποίο έχει ήδη αναφερθεί ότι μειώνει τους πληθυσμούς του Aspergillus carbonarius και εντάσσεται στα προγράμματα φυτοπροστασίας της αμπέλου για την καταπολέμηση της τεφράς σήψεως. Εκτός αυτού, σε ορισμένα από τα πειράματα αμπελώνα χρησιμοποιήθηκε και ένα σκεύασμα χαλκού με το σκεπτικό ότι η καλλιέργεια της αμπέλου δέχεται ψεκασμούς με χαλκούχα σκευάσματα. Από την εργασία μας διαπιστώθηκε, για πρώτη φορά διεθνώς ότι η εφαρμογή μιας επιφυτικής ζύμης μειώνει σε σημαντικό ποσοστό και αντίστοιχο της χημικής επεμβάσεως, τους πληθυσμούς του ωχρατοξικογόνου μύκητα Aspergillus carbonarius, όχι μόνο σε εργαστηριακό επίπεδο, αλλά και σε συνθήκες αμπελώνα και κυρίως ότι τούτο συνοδεύεται με σοβαρή μείωση των επιπέδων της ωχρατοξίνης-Α στο παραγόμενο γλεύκος. Το εργαστηριακό μέρος της μελέτης αυτής διεξήχθη στο Εργαστήριο Φυτοπαθολογίας του Γεωπονικού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών ενώ τα πειράματα αγρού σε πειραματικούς αμπελώνες σε Κορινθία και Ρόδο. Στη Κορινθία και συγκεκριμένα στην περιοχή της Νεμέας η διάρκεια των πειραμάτων στον αμπελώνα ήταν τριετής και στη Ρόδο στην περιοχή Φάνες τα πειράματα διήρκεσαν δύο έτη. Η μελέτη αυτή ακολούθησε τα εξής στάδια: α) απομόνωση επιφυτικών ζυμών από φύλλα αμπέλου, αξιολόγηση της ικανότητας τους να καταπολεμούν στο εργαστήριο σε μεμονωμένες ράγες σταφυλιού το μύκητα Aspergillus carbonarius και επιλογή των δύο αποτελεσματικότερων προς περαιτέρω πειραματισμό. β) έλεγχος της ευαισθησίας των συγκεκριμένων απομονώσεων ζυμών στο μυκητοκτόνο Switch 25/37,5 και συνεπώς την επιβίωσή τους μετά από επεμβάσεις του χημικού σκευάσματος, στον αγρό. γ) επεμβάσεις με τις ζύμες επί τρία συνεχή έτη σε αμπελώνα της περιοχής της Νεμέας και επί άλλα δύο σε δεύτερο αμπελώνα στη περιοχής «Φάνες» της νήσου Ρόδου, προς διερεύνηση της εκδηλώσεως ανάλογης αποτελεσματικότητας σε συνθήκες αγρού (διαφορετική καλλιεργούμενη ποικιλία, διαφορετικές κλιματολογικές συνθήκες, διαφορετικό σχήμα μορφώσεως των πρέμνων). δ) αξιολόγηση των ζυμών βάσει των ποσοστών: α) των βοτρύων με συμπτώματα όξινης σήψεως και β) των προσβεβλημένων ραγών με Aspergillus niger και Aspergillus carbonarius. ε) μελέτη in vitro της ευαισθησίας τυχαίων στελεχών Aspergillus sp. συλλεγέντων από τον αγρό στο μυκητοκτόνο Switch 25/37,5. ζ) μέτρηση της ωχρατοξίνης στο γλεύκος σταφυλιών που είχαν δεχθεί την επέμβαση ζύμης σε σύγκριση με εκείνο από σταφύλια που είχαν δεχθεί χημική επέμβαση. Από τα δεδομένα της διδακτορικής μου διατριβής παρέχεται η πληροφορία ότι οι αποτελεσματικές απομονώσεις ζυμών κατά του ωχρατοξικογόνου Aspergillus carbonarius στα σταφύλια δεν ανήκουν σε ένα συγκεκριμένο γένος καθότι η ταυτοποίηση έδειξε ότι η μία απομόνωση ανήκει στο είδος Cryptococcus laurentiì και η δεύτερη στο είδος Aureobasidium pullulans. Διαπιστώθηκε επίσης ότι οι περισσότερες επιφυτικές ζύμες είναι ανθεκτικές στα μυκητοκτόνα και κατά συνέπεια και οι υπάρχοντες φυσικοί πληθυσμοί τους στη φυλλόσφαιρα. Ενδεχομένως οι φυσικοί πληθυσμοί δεν ευρίσκονται πάντα στην απαραίτητη συγκέντρωση, για την βιολογική καταπολέμηση των Aspergillus sp.

scholarly journals Survival of Spray-Dried Rhodotorula mucilaginosa Isolated from Natural Microbiota of Murta Berries and Antagonistic Effect on Botrytis cinerea

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-229
Author(s):  
Alexandra González-Esparza ◽  
Kong S. Ah-Hen ◽  
Osvaldo Montenegro ◽  
Erika Briceño ◽  
Joaquín Stevenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Grey Mould ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Rhodotorula Mucilaginosa ◽  
Natural Microbiota

The aim of this study is to evaluate the survival rate and effective antagonistic activity against Botrytis cinerea, responsible for grey mould on harvested fruits and vegetables, of yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, isolated and identified from the natural microbiota of murta (Chilean guava) berries, after spray drying at different inlet air temperatures, mass per volume ratio of encapsulating agent (maltodextrin) and feed flow rates. The 100 % survival of the yeast was obtained after spray drying with 18 % maltodextrin at 130 °C inlet temperature and a feed flow rate of 9.25 mL/min. The dried yeast obtained under such conditions had the highest antagonistic activity in vitro and in vivo on apples, which showed that spray drying is a valid method to produce active dried cells of R. mucilaginosa that can be used for biocontrol of grey mould spoilage. It was also found that the encapsulating agent maltodextrin improved the in vitro antagonistic activity of R. mucilaginosa.

scholarly journals In vitro Antifungal Activity of a New Bioproduct Obtained from Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins on Botrytis cinerea Mycelium and Spores

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 418-425
Author(s):  
Ancuța NECHITA ◽  
Razvan V. FILIMON ◽  
Roxana M. FILIMON ◽  
Lucia-Cintia COLIBABA ◽  
Daniela GHERGHEL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Grey Mould ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Grape Seeds ◽  
Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins ◽  
Pathogen Populations

Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungus that affects over 200 plant species. In vineyards, this pathogen is responsible for one of the most important diseases, commonly known as botrytis bunch rot or grey mould. Keeping infection under control with synthetic fungicides leads to an increased biological resistance of pathogen populations. An alternative way to synthetic products is to obtain natural fungicides by using bioactive compounds of plants. This study focuses on the antifungal properties of a new bioproduct obtained from polymeric proanthocyanidins extracted from grape seeds of ‘Fetească neagră’ variety. The bioproduct in solid state presented a total content of polyphenols of 0.625 mg GAE mg-1, a polyphenolic index of 17.40 and an antioxidant activity of 91.27% scavenged DPPH. The bioproduct with polyphenolic structure showed a moderate effect on the radial growth of fungal mycelium, at EC50 values between 11.23 and 12.15 mg mL-1. Effective antifungal activity was showed in the inhibition of spore germination, where the EC50 values varied from 1.14 to 1.47 mg mL-1. These in vitro results sustain the possibility of including the bioproduct in the category of natural fungicides for biological control against Botrytis cinerea fungus.

scholarly journals Identification of epiphytic yeasts and bacteria with potential for biocontrol of grey mold disease on table grapes caused by Botrytis cinerea

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazem Kasfi ◽  
Parissa Taheri ◽  
Behrooz Jafarpour ◽  
Saeed Tarighi
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Thompson Seedless ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Table Grapes

The objective of this study was to identify grapevine epiphytic yeasts and bacteria for biocontrol of Botrytis cinerea on grapes. Antagonistic yeasts and bacteria were isolated from the epiphytic flora associated with grape berries and leaves cv. ‘Thompson seedless’ from vineyards in Iran and identified by sequencing the conserved genomic regions. A total of 130 yeast and bacterial isolates from the surface of grapevine were screened in vitro for determining their antagonistic effect against B. cinerea and used to control postharvest gray mold. Among the 130 isolates, five yeasts and four bacterial isolates showed the greatest antagonistic activity in vitro against B. cinerea. Two yeasts species including Meyerozyma guilliermondii and Candida membranifaciens had high antagonistic capability against the pathogen. Also, 4 bacterial isolates belonging to Bacillus sp. and Ralstonia sp. showed significant biocontrol effect against B. cinerea. The isolates were capable of producing volatile and non-volatile substances, which suppressed the pathogen growth. The antagonistic activity of selected yeasts and bacteria against the pathogen was investigated on wounded berries of ‘Thompson seedless’. On small clusters with intact berries, all of the antagonistic isolates considerably reduced the decay on grape berries and inhibition of gray mold incidence on fruits treated by these isolates was less than 50%, except for the isolate N1, which had higher capability in inhibiting the disease incidence. These results suggest that antagonist yeasts and bacteria with potential to control B. cinerea on grape can be found in the microflora of grape berries and leaves.

scholarly journals Bryophyte extracts suppress growth of the plant pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nedeljko Latinovic ◽  
Marko Sabovljevic ◽  
Milorad Vujicic ◽  
Jelena Latinovic ◽  
Aneta Sabovljevic
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Grey Mould ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Fungal Development ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Leafy Liverwort

In this study, the extracts of three selected bryophyte species are shown to have inhibitory effects on grey mould disease (Botrytis cinerea). Methanol extracts of one leafy liverwort (Porella platyphylla) and two mosses, one aquatic (Cinclidotus fontinaloides) and one terrestrial (Anomodon viticulosus), were applied in vitro to Botrytis cinerea, after which tests showed suppression of fungal development.

scholarly journals Bee-Vectored Aureobasidium pullulans for Biocontrol of Grey Mould in Strawberry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mudassir Iqbal ◽  
Matilda Jützeler ◽  
Soraya C. França ◽  
Felix Wäckers ◽  
Erik Andreasson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Bombus Terrestris ◽  
Grey Mould ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Efficient Control ◽  
Suitable Environment ◽  
Post Harvest Disease

Grey mould caused by Botrytis cinerea is a common post-harvest disease in strawberries, reducing shelf life considerably. We investigated the potential of the yeast-like biocontrol fungus Aureobasidium pullulans (AP-SLU6) vectored by bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) in the Flying Doctors® system to inhibit the pathogen and increase the shelf life of harvested strawberries (cv. Sonata). Using bumblebees as vectors of various biocontrol agents is becoming increasingly popular, but any potentially negative effects on bee performance have been under-studied. Our results show that over the 4-week period of the trial the performance and activity of the bees were not negatively affected by A. pullulans. The bees successfully picked up the powder formulation, carried and deposited it on the flowers. The vectoring of the biocontrol agent significantly reduced grey mould development on the harvested fruits by 45 % and increased shelf life by 100 % in comparison to control treatments. This suggests that the biocontrol fungus applied during flowering successfully reduced Botrytis infection and thus effectively protected the fruits from grey mould. In addition, the bee-vectored application of the biocontrol agent was found to be significantly more effective than spray application, since the latter may temporarily increase humidity around the flower, thereby creating a suitable environment for the pathogen to thrive. In summary, our study demonstrates that A. pullulans vectored by bumblebees can decrease grey mould infection and improve the shelf life of strawberries without adversely affecting the bees, thus providing a basis for the sustainable and efficient control of grey mould on strawberry.

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