scholarly journals Consumers’ Attitude and Intention towards Organic Fruits and Vegetables: Empirical Study on Romanian Consumers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9440
Author(s):  
Violeta Radulescu ◽  
Iuliana Cetina ◽  
Anca Francisca Cruceru ◽  
Dumitru Goldbach
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
The European Union ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Healthy Diets ◽  
Organic Products ◽  
Nutritional Compounds

Organic farming is one of the fastest growing sectors, both in developed and developing countries. Although Romania is in sixth place at the level of the European Union in terms of agricultural area, the share of ecologically certified areas is low. The fruits and vegetables sector is the most important for the agri-food production in Romania, accounting for 58% of the total cultivated area. In recent years, there is a tendency for consumers to focus on healthy diets with safe, high quality foods and high nutritional compounds from unpolluted areas. However, the Romanian market of organic fruits and vegetables is still underdeveloped due to the small number of consumers of organic products. The future of organic farming is largely dependent on attitude and consumer demand. The purpose of this paper is to study the attitudes and intentions of Romanian consumers towards the consumption of organic fruits and vegetables through direct research among 268 individuals. The results show that the attitudes of individuals towards the consumption of organic fruits and vegetables is directly and positively influenced by the information that individuals have about the characteristics of organic products, their personal needs and motivations, but also by external influences, and the purchase barriers do not represent elements with a strong enough influence on the attitude and intention.

scholarly journals Органічне землеробство як фактор євроінтеграції України

2013 ◽  
pp. 151-155
Author(s):  
О. Б. Кузьменко
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Organic Products ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

Обґрунтовано необхідність розвитку органічного землеробства в Україні як умови зростання експо-рту аграрної продукції в Європейський Союз, що одночасно забезпечує збереження і відтворення якісних характеристик земельних ресурсів. Дове-дено, що тенденції попиту на органічну продукцію в Європейському Союзі та наявні якісні й екологіч-но чисті земельні ресурси в Україні створюють передумови для активізації органічного виробниц-тва і відповідного експорту. Визначено проблеми, що стримують впровадження даної системи землеробства, та пропозиції щодо їх розв’язання. The necessity of the development of organic farming in Ukraine, as a condition of growth of exports of agricultural products to the European Union was grounded. That at the same time ensures the preservation and reproduction of the qualitative characteristics of land resources. It is proved that the trend of demand for organic products in the European Union and the available high-quality and environmentally friendly land resources in Ukraine create the preconditions for enhancing organic production and corresponding exports. The problems hindering the implementation of the farming system and proposals for their solution were defined.

scholarly journals Name Brands and Symbols Used Organic Products in the European Union and in Hungary

2004 ◽  
pp. 174-180
Author(s):  
Attila Szép
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Organic Products ◽  
Realistic Assumption ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
The Eu

In 2002, the area which was monitored according to the requirements of organic farming numbered 103 thousand hectares in Hungary (this is some 1.7% of all cultivated land) and almost 1000 plants producing organic products were inspected. It is a realistic assumption, when considering these data, that within a short period time the area used for organic farming will reach the optimal 600.000 hectares.Contrary to overproduction in the EU – cereals, maize and other plants – organic products can be sold in unlimited quantities. Practice also indicates, that 90% of Hungarian certified organic products are sold in EU and Swiss markets.Thus, it is important to label Hungarian products according to EU standards. This way standard quality products can be sold easier and by increasing their income, manufacturers can contribute to the improvement of the environment.

scholarly journals TAXATION ARISING FROM DIGITALISATION: ISSUES AT STAKE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Velarde Aramayo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Tax Structure ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
European Union Countries

The OECD is leading global efforts to reach an international consensus around the BEPS Project with the G20 support. Action 1 works on the tax challenges of the digital economy and its proposals have been made with the «inclusive framework» participation that brings together more than 137 countries. The article focuses on the legitimacy, operation, and consequences of all this work for developing countries that, according to estimates of the UNCTAD, lost annually U$100 billion due to tax avoidance schemes by MNEs. The OECD/G20 inclusive framework is designing a new global tax structure and its proposals attempt to introduce new rules on taxing rights allocation and distribution. At the same time, some countries have adopted unilateral measures in order to tax some digital businesses. Finally, the European Union Countries continue to delay the adoption of the CCCTB and DST Directive proposals, and the United States has introduced the GILTI legislation that seeks to tax the global intangible income. Everything seems to indicate that in the next years the international tax architecture will be changed in deep.

scholarly journals Foreign Direct Investment Between Asian Developing Countries and the EU Member States: The Role of Integration Processes

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-23
Author(s):  
Janina Witkowska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
The Eu

This article discusses the conditions surrounding the flow of foreign direct investment (FDI) between the developing countries of Asia (East Asia, South-East Asia, Southern Asia, and Western Asia) and the countries with membership in the European Union (EU), including the so-called ‘new’ Member States (EU12). At the intra-regional and inter-regional levels, the flow is especially affected by the world economic crisis, which has effected changes in the positions of the analyzed countries on a global scale. The integration processes taking place in the EU also significantly affect the intensity of FDI flow within the group, while the processes taking place in the developing countries of Asia are not yet sufficiently enough advanced to significantly affect the flow of FDI. Inter-regional FDI flows take place between the subject regions and sub-regions. The observed phenomenon of emerging Asian net exporters of capital in the form of FDI to the European Union may be strengthened by the process of Asian integration. For the new EU Member States the developing Asian countries may constitute an alternative source of capital in the crisis conditions.

Organic farming in Austria

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian R. Vogl ◽  
Jürgen Hess
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Brand Names ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Organic Movement ◽  
Organic Products ◽  
Organic Farmers ◽  
Present Decade

AbstractDuring the present decade, Austria has experienced a dramatic increase in organic farming among those countries that comprise the European Union (EU). For example, in 1992, approximately 2,000 farms were practicing organic, ecological, or biodynamic farming methods. By 1997 the number of certified organic farms plus those in transition from conventional farming had increased 10-fold to some 20,000 farms. This represents almost 9% of the total farms in Austria and an area of 345,375 ha, or 10% of the total cultivated farmland. The largest concentration of organic farms is in regions with a high proportion of alpine grassland or pastures. Approximately 50% of the organic farms range in size from 5 to 15 ha. The strong organic movement in Austria can be attributed to a) government subsidies which provide incentives to organic farmers and b) widespread acceptance of organic products and their brand names by large food chains and supermarkets. More than 60% of organic farmers are affiliated with associations and organizations that provide advisory and support services in marketing activities. Certification of organic farms and food processors is conducted by seven monitoring bodies according to EU regulation No. 2092/91, which guarantees legallybinding standards of food safety and quality to EU consumers, and according to the Austrian Alimentari Codex. Since January 1998, all monitoring/certifying bodies in Austria must verify accreditation according to regulation European Norm 45011. The major supermarket chain offers a variety of organic dairy and meat products, as well as organic ice cream, pizza, vegetables, fruits, baby foods, and bread. The current domestic wholesale value of organic products marketed from Austrian farms is approximately 170 million US$ annually. Unfortunately, funding for support of scientific research and extension to enhance organic farming and marketing has not kept pace with the increasing number of organic farms and farmers. Additional funding is essential to ensure the sustainable development of the organic movement and the organic market.

scholarly journals Acceptability of Dry-Cured Belly (Pancetta) from Entire Males, Immunocastrates or Surgical Castrates: Study with Slovenian Consumers

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjeta Čandek-Potokar ◽  
Maja Prevolnik-Povše ◽  
Martin Škrlep ◽  
Maria Font-i-Furnols ◽  
Nina Batorek-Lukač ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Boar Taint ◽  
Consumer Acceptability ◽  
The European Union ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Production Sector ◽  
Pork Production

Abandoning of male piglets castration in the European Union is a challenge for the pork production sector in particular for high-quality dry-cured traditional products. The information on consumer acceptability of dry-cured products from alternatives is limited, so the objective was to test the consumer acceptability of unsmoked traditional dry-cured belly (Kraška panceta) processed from three sex categories, i.e., surgical castrates (SC), entire males (EM) and immunocastrates (IC). Consumers (n = 331) were asked to taste dry-cured bellies from EM, IC and SC and to score the taste appreciation on a 9 cm unstructured scale. After tasting the pancetta of three sex categories, the consumers attributed the lowest acceptability scores to SC, whereas IC and EM received similar scores. Only about a quarter of consumers attributed the lowest score to EM, mainly when boar taint compounds were present. The results of this study indicate that a certain share of consumers was sensitive to taste deficiencies and that the leanness of this product is very important for consumers.

scholarly journals Measuring Entrepreneurial Orientation of University Employees in Developing Countries Using the ENTRE-U Scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovana Tatarski ◽  
Sandra Brkanlić ◽  
Javier Sanchez Garcia ◽  
Edgar Breso Esteve ◽  
Ivana Brkić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
University Employees ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic

This research examines the difference in the level of entrepreneurial orientation among university employees within the European Union compared to university employees in non-EU countries. The EU Member States included in the research are the Republic of Slovenia and the Republic of Croatia, and the non-EU countries include the Republic of Serbia, the Republic of Montenegro, the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the Republic of Northern Macedonia. In the sample of 1474 respondents, the ENTRE-U scale was used to measure the entrepreneurial orientation of universities, and multivariate analysis of MANOVA variance was used for data processing. The ENTRE-U scale has proven applicable not only to developed countries but also developing countries. Moreover, it proved that being a member of the European Union in this part of Eastern Europe does not significantly affect the entrepreneurial orientation of universities.

Proposal for a more efficient subsidy system for organic farming: Potential use of the tax system within the European Union

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enno Bahrs
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Current System ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
The European Union ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
The Individual

AbstractAgricultural enterprises that are run on ecological principles receive, in some countries, higher levels of financial support from the European Union (EU) than other agricultural businesses. The aim is to provide an incentive for businesses to adopt organic farming systems, a change desired by both politicians and society. However, with a fixed system of support payments based on land area, increasing the proportion of farms being run organically leads directly to higher costs of subsidies for the EU and the individual countries. This becomes especially true if enterprises with large land areas, high turnover and high income are converted to organic farming methods. Because financial resources within the member states are in very short supply, a modification of the current system of subsidies would seem to be necessary in the near future. The aim of any new system should be to reduce profit windfalls without making a drastic reduction in the incentive effect of the current system. At the same time, businesses that can run along these lines on a sustainable basis should be especially supported. This requires an increased level of individual assessment of the potential of the subsidized enterprises in relation to their cost–performance ratio for organic agricultural production. In this connection, a partial change to profit-based tax systems can be used as an effective instrument for co-financing. The method used to calculate profits for tax purposes, which varies from state to state, can be used to assess the performance and success of the organic farmer. Tax-free allowances or reductions in tax rates could be used to provide a selective subsidy method. The ability to relate subsidies to performance, thereby reducing windfall profits, is not the only advantage of using the tax system for this purpose. Another advantage is the low transaction costs. Using the example of the offsetting of profits between time periods, it will be shown here that the tax system can be used as an additional instrument for subsidization. The existing methods of subsidy can only be supported in this way, not completely substituted.

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