scholarly journals An Assessment of Environmental Policy Implications under the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: A Perspective of Environmental Laws and Sustainable Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 11223
Author(s):  
Mehran Idris Khan ◽  
Qianxun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
International Management ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
Mature Phase ◽  
Global Concern

Environmental issues know no boundaries and are recognised as a matter of regional and/or global concern, and neighbouring countries have to face shared environmental effects. Environmental laws internationally, particularly in the last thirty years, have grown significantly and have contributed to environmental protection in a variety of national, regional and international management strategies. In recent years, environmental legislation has entered into a responsible and mature phase in several non-Western countries, particularly in Asia. The present study examines the shared environmental obligations of regional or neighbouring countries using China and Pakistan as a case study and provides references from international (environmental) laws as well as states’ best practices. This study adopts a well-defined analytical methodology to not only investigate the implications of environmental laws but also to define the gaps in the existing framework of environmental laws in the region and recommend appropriate grounds to systematically fill these gaps through much-needed legal cooperation before it is too late. The study provides a detailed analysis and pertinent knowledge horizons, and concludes that there is an abrupt need for China and Pakistan to revise their trade agreements and include the environment as an integral part of each mega-infrastructural activity, including the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. Most of the potential outcomes are already known but there is little academic discussion available concerning the perspective of cross-boundary environmental laws, and the present study intends to fill this gap.

GEOTECHNICAL PROCESSES AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR MATURE BASINS: A CASE STUDY OF THE GIPPSLAND BASIN

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 691
Author(s):  
A.W. Djakic
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Mature Phase ◽  
Geophysical Interpretation ◽  
Disciplinary Field ◽  
Exploitation And Exploration ◽  
Geotechnical Information ◽  
High Level ◽  
Gippsland Basin ◽  
Exploration Activity

During the 1990s, exploitation and exploration processes in the Gippsland Basin have been expanded to cater to a surge in mature field redevelopment activity, and have supported continued activity in the more traditional functions of exploration and development of new resources.The first major field redevelopment project was initiated in 1991 on the West Kingfish Field. Since 1991, similar programs conducted on the Mackerel, Perch, Fortescue and Kingfish Fields have significantly mitigated oil production decline in the basin. The success of the field redevelopment programs has been attributed to the use of multi-disciplinary field teams, the use of high end geophysical interpretation technologies, and the ability of the field teams to integrate and synthesise often voluminous quantities of production and geotechnical information to identify drilling opportunities.Areas where we continue to improve field redevelopment geotechnical processes include decreasing data acquisition and analysis cycle time, and advancing the precision of geotechnical predictions.With over 30 years of intensive exploration activity in the Gippsland Basin placing it in a mature phase of development, focus on the risk management of exploration activities has increased. Focussed research efforts to both develop new geotechnical technologies and more accurately assess the limitations of currently utilised technologies have also been undertaken to ensure an economically viable exploitation and exploration strategy for the basin.The structure of geotechnical teams in the 1990s has seen production and exploration functions amalgamate to ensure that the benefits of operations synergies provided by the high level of platform drilling activity are fully realised. This is enabling the knowledge from intensive field drilling programs to be more readily applied to the evaluation of exploration opportunities. Field re-development drilling activities are at historically high levels and are predicted to remain so into the foreseeable future. Given the mature nature of exploration in the basin, future exploration activities will be undertaken within the defined limits of our technologies to ensure the opportunity to achieve continued economic success is maximised.

A Systems-Based Approach to Analyze Environmental Issues: Problem-Oriented Innovation System for Water Scarcity Problem in Iran

2021 ◽  
pp. 107049652110190
Author(s):  
Sepehr Ghazinoory ◽  
Mohammad Khosravi ◽  
Shohreh Nasri
Keyword(s):  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
New Approach ◽  
System Failures ◽  
National Crisis ◽  
Technical Innovations ◽  
Important System

Environmental issues such as water scarcity are typically multidimensional problems, and resolving them requires a systems-based approach and socio-technical innovations. This article applies the “Problem-oriented Innovation System (PIS)” as a new approach to resolve water scarcity problem. In Iran, this has not been the case as natural water scarcity along with decades of mismanagement has turned water scarcity into a national crisis and caused several interrelated socioeconomic problems. Using case study, in this article, Iran’s water scarcity is analyzed to see how the PIS is able to help resolve this problem. Results indicate that the inefficient management and monitoring the water scarcity and lack of appropriate standardization and tariffs are the most important system failures of the water scarcity PIS in Iran. Also, the most important policy implications are moving toward decentralization in water management based on a participatory approach and establishing a national drought monitoring system.

SMEs and Environmental Regulations: A Study of the UK Screen-Printing Sector

10.1068/c0321 ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Patton ◽  
Ian Worthington
Keyword(s):  
Screen Printing ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Environmental Behaviour ◽  
Corporate Greening ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

In the literature of corporate greening, the regulatory domain has been identified as a key influence on the environmental behaviour of firms and has been linked to actions beyond compliance and to the pursuit of competitive advantage. That said, studies of the environmental performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) suggest that, on the whole, smaller firms tend to take a more reactive and compliant stance with regard to environmental legislation, with little evidence existing to suggest that regulation provides a strong baseline for internally driven change. The authors report the findings from empirical research undertaken to assess the impact of environmental legislation upon the activities of SMEs within the screen-printing sector in the United Kingdom and explore the motivations that have driven responses to such legislation. The aim of the research was to examine the extent to which regulation was a factor in explaining SME environmental behaviour, and to identify the nature of corporate responses to environmental change. In addressing these issues a hybrid methodology was adopted, based on a quantitative survey of 200 firms in the UK screen-printing industry and a qualitative analysis of five organisations chosen from the survey respondents. The results of the survey—which had a usable response rate of 33%—and from the case-study interviews shed important light on SME attitudes, awareness, and responses to existing regulatory requirements. The authors comment on how far the evidence supports the propositions in the extant literature and examine possible policy implications of the findings.

Supply-Chain Dynamics, Environmental Issues, and Manufacturing Firms

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1257-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
K E Hill
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Environmental Pressure ◽  
Supply Chain Dynamics

Concern about environmental issues and pressure on manufacturing firms to decrease their environmental impact have both intensified since the early 1980s. At present legislation is the most significant source of environmental pressure on firms, but it is the government's intention that voluntary nonlegislative measures will play a much greater role in the future. Pressure through the supply chain is one possible mechanism for achieving this objective, although relatively little is known about its environmental role or importance for manufacturing firms. The author outlines the supply-chain concept, and examines its current significance as a source of environmental pressure. The nature of any supply-chain pressure experienced by a cross section of manufacturing firms in Yorkshire and Humberside, and their actual responses to it, are considered. This investigation reveals that, because of their economic importance, environmental pressure from customers has the potential to be significant. However, in practice such pressure only tends to affect chemical firms and those firms in the consumer-goods sectors which have experienced green consumer pressure directly. Industrial customers, with the exception of a minority of large firms and multinational corporations, generally show little interest in the environmental implications of their sales and purchasing. Environmental legislation is confirmed as by far the most important pressure forcing firms to mitigate their environmental impact. The policy implications of these findings for any move away from reliance on environmental legislation towards voluntary controls are explored.

Can Formal Education Reduce Risks for Drought-Prone Pastoralists?: A Case Study from Baringo District, Kenya

2009 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Little ◽  
Abdillahi Aboud ◽  
Clement Lenachuru
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Local Livelihoods ◽  
Risk Management Strategies ◽  
Controversial Topic ◽  
Education Achievement ◽  
Benefits And Costs

This article addresses an increasingly important but under-researched and controversial topic in anthropology, the role of formal education in pastoral societies. Only minimal research on the benefits and costs of education for pastoralists has been conducted, in part because, until recently, formal education has not been widespread among herding communities. It argues that education should figure prominently in discussions of contemporary pastoral risk management strategies since engagement in labor markets currently is a critical component of pastoral livelihoods, and this is facilitated by education. Through a case study of the Maasairelated Il Chamus people of Baringo District, Kenya, a group that has experienced rapid gains in education over the past 20 years, the paper assesses two related questions: (1) does formal education actually reduce risks for pastoralists; and (2) what social and economic conditions facilitate positive roles for herder education? By building on data from two different time periods, 1980-1981 and 2000-2004, the authors document local trends in education achievement, contributions of education to local livelihoods, and the effects of a tightening labor market and budget reductions on opportunities for education. The article concludes with a discussion of the policy implications of the study's findings and points to areas that require further research.

scholarly journals Policy Implications of the Clean Heating Transition: A Case Study of Shanxi

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8431
Author(s):  
Eun Ju Lee ◽  
Moon Joon Kim ◽  
Jae-Seung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gas Plants

This study provides empirical evidence of the impact of recentralized governance on environmental performance by examining the implementation of a clean heating transition. It investigated the impact of a centralized clean heating transition on sulfur dioxide (SO2) levels in Shanxi province from January 2015 to March 2021. Using a difference-in-differences approach, this study found that the centralized clean heating transition led to a significant improvement in air quality; however, the excessive response of Shanxi province prevented adequate heating supply for residents. As a result, the Chinese government had to reverse its initial plans for a coal ban and the promotion of gas plants. This outcome implies that recentralization cannot control the autonomy of local governments in responding to and achieving the central targets, even though it may provide incentives to prioritize environmental issues. The recentralization proved to be ineffective, in contrast to what was theoretically anticipated, and even undermined the energy transition efforts.

scholarly journals The Status of Environmental Laws on the Environment Quality Standards

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Elena M. Andreeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
Environment Quality ◽  
Environmental Quality Standards ◽  
The Status

This publication is devoted to the research of Russian legal regulation of environmental quality standards. So in the article the concept, functions and types of this group of environmental standards were investigated. Particular attention is paid to the controversial, problematic issues of the commented legal institution. As a result of the study, the author came to the conclusion that legislation on this field of environmental protection is developing rapidly. Meanwhile, many more environmental issues remain beyond the scope of the legal solution. So, the author found that there is no exhaustive, statutory list of physical indicators that are subject to state standardization. Commented standards are dispersed in a huge number of regulatory and technical acts, which are not ordered in any way. For the most part, many environmental quality standards are aimed at protecting human health. Physical standards of quality in the field of flora and fauna are practically absent. The article contains proposals for improving environmental legislation in the considered area.

INTEGRATION LEVEL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES INTO THE COMPANY STRATEGIES. CASE STUDY

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2591-2603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Mortan ◽  
Patricia Ratiu ◽  
Vincentiu Veres ◽  
Leonina Baciu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Issues

Investigation of a New Approach to Predict Water Quality Extremes with a Case Study of Chemical Determinands in Stream Water

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
A. J. Jakeman ◽  
P. G. Whitehead ◽  
A. Robson ◽  
J. A. Taylor ◽  
J. Bai
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Hybrid Modelling ◽  
Trend Model ◽  
Environmental Extremes ◽  
Modelling Approach

The paper illustrates analysis of the assumptions of the statistical component of a hybrid modelling approach for predicting environmental extremes. This shows how to assess the applicability of the approach to water quality problems. The analysis involves data on stream acidity from the Birkenes catchment in Norway. The modelling approach is hybrid in that it uses: (1) a deterministic or process-based description to simulate (non-stationary) long term trend values of environmental variables, and (2) probability distributions which are superimposed on the trend values to characterise the frequency of shorter term concentrations. This permits assessment of management strategies and of sensitivity to climate variables by adjusting the values of major forcing variables in the trend model. Knowledge of the variability about the trend is provided by: (a) identification of an appropriate parametric form of the probability density function (pdf) of the environmental attribute (e.g. stream acidity variables) whose extremes are of interest, and (b) estimation of pdf parameters using the output of the trend model.

scholarly journals Exploring the Use of Ecosystem Services Conceptual Models to Account for the Benefits of Public Lands: An Example from National Forest Planning in the United States

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Lydia Olander ◽  
Katie Warnell ◽  
Travis Warziniack ◽  
Zoe Ghali ◽  
Chris Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Public Lands ◽  
The United States ◽  
Forest Planning ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Planning Team ◽  
National Forest Planning

A shared understanding of the benefits and tradeoffs to people from alternative land management strategies is critical to successful decision-making for managing public lands and fostering shared stewardship. This study describes an approach for identifying and monitoring the types of resource benefits and tradeoffs considered in National Forest planning in the United States under the 2012 Planning Rule and demonstrates the use of tools for conceptualizing the production of ecosystem services and benefits from alternative land management strategies. Efforts to apply these tools through workshops and engagement exercises provide opportunities to explore and highlight measures, indicators, and data sources for characterizing benefits and tradeoffs in collaborative environments involving interdisciplinary planning teams. Conceptual modeling tools are applied to a case study examining the social and economic benefits of recreation on the Ashley National Forest. The case study illustrates how these types of tools facilitate dialog for planning teams to discuss alternatives and key ecosystem service outcomes, create easy to interpret visuals that map details in plans, and provide a basis for selecting ecosystem service (socio-economic) metrics. These metrics can be used to enhance environmental impact analysis, and help satisfy the goals of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), the 2012 Planning Rule, and shared stewardship initiatives. The systematic consideration of ecosystem services outcomes and metrics supported by this approach enhanced dialog between members of the Forest planning team, allowed for a more transparent process in identification of key linkages and outcomes, and identified impacts and outcomes that may not have been apparent to the sociologist who is lacking the resource specific expertise of these participants. As a result, the use of the Ecosystem Service Conceptual Model (ESCM) process may result in reduced time for internal reviews and greater comprehension of anticipated outcomes and impacts of proposed management in the plan revision Environmental Impact Statement amongst the planning team.

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