scholarly journals Here, There, and Everywhere: Applying Vignettes to Investigate Appraisals of Job Demands

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 11662
Author(s):  
Benedicte Langseth-Eide ◽  
Joar Vittersø
Keyword(s):  
Time Pressure ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Job Characteristics ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Positive Trait ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Motivational Process ◽  
Trait Emotions ◽  
The Impact

The job characteristics literature has revealed that job demands can be differentiated into hindrance and challenge demands. However, there has been little consensus on this categorization. Additionally, studies have revealed that job demands can be perceived as hindering and challenging at the same time. The present study aims to bring nuance to this topic by investigating two job demands (i.e., time pressure and emotionally demanding situations) and to what degree they are appraised as challenging and hindering for two occupational groups (i.e., nurses and real estate agents). This study also investigates the impact of emotional dispositions on demand appraisals. A convenience sample (N = 851 Norwegian students) read vignettes and reported their appraisals for six different job situations. A factor analysis revealed that our measures of demand appraisals differed from those reported in previous studies. We therefore labeled the two kinds of appraisals as hindrance-like and challenge-like since they overlap without being identical to the previously reported labels of hindrance and challenge, respectively. Furthermore, we found that job demands were appraised as hindrance-like and challenge-like at the same time but to different degrees. Job demands for core tasks were typically appraised as more challenge-like than hindrance-like. Job demands for non-core tasks were typically appraised as more hindrance-like than challenge-like. Positive trait emotions predicted challenge-like appraisals. By documenting how imagined job demands appear as hindrances and challenges, our study supports previous studies showing that challenge-like demands may play a role in the motivational process in the job demands–resources model. Limitations to vignette studies are discussed.

scholarly journals Job demands and resources and their associations with early retirement intentions through recovery need and work enjoyment

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert Schreurs ◽  
Nele De Cuyper ◽  
I.J. Hetty Van Emmerik ◽  
Guy Notelaers ◽  
Hans De Witte
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Early Retirement ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Job Characteristics ◽  
Job Resources ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Work Enjoyment ◽  
Health Impairment ◽  
Motivational Process

Orientation: Job characteristics play a major role in shaping employees’ early retirement decisions.Research purpose: The objective of this study was to examine the mechanisms through which job characteristics associate with early retirement intention, using the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model as a theoretical framework.Motivation of the study: Early retirement presents a threat to existing health and pension systems, and to organisational functioning. Therefore, it is important to examine how workrelated factors contribute to early retirement decisions.Research design, approach and method: Two parallel processes were theorised to shape early retirement intention: a health impairment process (i.e. job demands → recovery need → early retirement intention) and a motivational process (i.e. job resources → work enjoyment → early retirement intention). Survey data were collected from a heterogeneous sample of 1812 older workers (age > 45). Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses.Main findings: Job demands and job resources were both associated with work enjoyment, which was associated with early retirement intention. Recovery need did not add to the prediction of early retirement intention.Practical/managerial implications: To retain older workers, companies should promote work conditions and practices that keep older workers motivated. Good health may be a necessary condition for retaining older workers, but it does not appear to be a sufficient one.Contribution/value-add: The results suggest that – for early retirement intention – the motivational process is more prominent than the health impairment process.

scholarly journals Job characteristics, well-being and physical activity: A field study using a consumer fitness tracker

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-275
Author(s):  
Nina Raffaela Grossi ◽  
Fabiola Gattringer ◽  
Bernad Batinic
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Job Characteristics ◽  
Job Control ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fitness Tracker ◽  
The Impact

The relation between job characteristics and health is one of the most important fields of research within work and organizational psychology. Another prominent variable influencing health is physical activity. The physical activity mediated Demand-Control (pamDC) model (Häusser & Mojzisch, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2017.1303759) combines these health indicators in a new theoretical framework. Based on the pamDC model the current study aims to clarify the role of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) in the interplay of job demands, job control and well-being. We expect physical activity to partially mediate the impact of job characteristics on health. To avoid self-report bias considering physical activity we used a consumer fitness tracker to collect additional data. In total, 104 white-collar workers participated in the study. The results show that job control and job demands could predict well-being in cross-sectional analyses. In longitudinal analyses, this was only the case for job demands. Regarding the proposed mediating effect of LTPA between job characteristics and health, we could not detect a significant mediation in our sample. This was true for both self-reported and objective data on physical activity. This study provides a first step in validating the pamDC model and has implications for future research.

On-Line Calculation of Pulmonary Mechanics by Digital Computer

1978 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 261-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Brault ◽  
G. Atlan ◽  
H. Lorino ◽  
A. Harf ◽  
A.-M. Lorino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Pressure ◽  
Lung Compliance ◽  
Pulmonary Mechanics ◽  
Close Correspondence ◽  
Standard Equipment ◽  
On Demand ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ventilatory Mechanics ◽  
Computerized System

A system was built up around a minicomputer to process in real time pressure and flow signals collected during the course of three ventilatory mechanics tests: the calculation of the lung volume, the evaluation of the static lung compliance, the analysis of the forced expiratory performance. The subject is seated in an open body Plethysmograph, which allows for the instantaneous calculation of changes in the volume of his thorax and abdomen. The system is controlled through a graphics console which displays the sampled curves and the results of data processing. In addition, the signals can be stored on demand onto a magnetic tape so that the method can be tested and improved off line. The results obtained in healthy volunteers are highly reproducible. A close correspondence is found both in patients and volunteers between computer-derived and hand-calculated results. The computerized system has become a standard equipment of our Lung Function Department, where it allows for a rapid quantitative analysis of lung volumes, lung elasticity and bronchial airflow.

scholarly journals Exploring the use of cannabis as a substitute for prescription drugs in a convenience sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinikka L. Kvamme ◽  
Michael M. Pedersen ◽  
Kristine Rømer Thomsen ◽  
Birgitte Thylstrup
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Patient Organizations ◽  
Public Media ◽  
Prescription Drug Use ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The use of cannabis as medicine (CaM) both prescribed and non-prescribed has increased markedly in the last decade, mirrored in a global shift in cannabis policy towards a more permissive stance. There is some evidence that cannabis functions as a substitute for prescription drugs, particularly opioids; however, more knowledge is needed on the motives of substitution users, their patterns of use, and perceived effects of substitution use. Aims To explore who substitutes prescription drugs with cannabis, the type of prescription drugs substituted and the type of cannabis used, and the impact that substitution with cannabis has on prescription drug use as well as the motives for substitution in terms of experienced effects and side effects. Methods A self-selected convenience sample was recruited through social media, public media, and patient organizations to take part in an anonymous online survey. Inclusion criteria were 18 years or older and use of cannabis (prescribed or non-prescribed) with a medical purpose. Results The final sample included 2.841 respondents of which the majority (91%) used non-prescribed cannabis, and more than half (54.6%) had used CaM with the purpose of replacing a prescribed drug. Compared to non-substitution users, substitution users were more likely to be women and to use CaM in the treatment of chronic pain and other somatic conditions. Pain medication (67.2%), antidepressants (24.5%), and arthritis medication (20.7%) were the most common types of drugs replaced with CaM. Among substitution users, 38.1% reported termination of prescription drug use, and 45.9% a substantial decrease in prescription drug use. The most frequent type of cannabis used as a substitute was CBD-oil (65.2%), followed by ‘hash, pot or skunk’ (36.6%). More than half (65.8%) found CaM much more effective compared to prescription drugs, and 85.5% that the side effects associated with prescription drug use were much worse compared to use of CaM. Conclusion CaM is frequently used as a substitute for prescription drugs, particularly opioids. More research is needed on the long-term consequences of use of CaM, including the impact from low and high THC cannabis products on specific somatic and mental health conditions.

scholarly journals Factors associated with emotional exhaustion in healthcare professionals involved in the COVID-19 pandemic: an application of the job demands-resources model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Barello ◽  
Rosario Caruso ◽  
Lorenzo Palamenghi ◽  
Tiziana Nania ◽  
Federica Dellafiore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Patient Engagement ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Personal Resources ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose The purpose of the present cross-sectional study is to investigate the role of perceived COVID-19-related organizational demands and threats in predicting emotional exhaustion, and the role of organizational support in reducing the negative influence of perceived COVID-19 work-related stressors on burnout. Moreover, the present study aims to add to the understanding of the role of personal resources in the Job Demands-Resources model (JD-R) by examining whether personal resources—such as the professionals’ orientation towards patient engagement—may also strengthen the impact of job resources and mitigate the impact of job demands. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 532 healthcare professionals working during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. It adopted the Job-Demands-Resource Model to study the determinants of professional’s burnout. An integrative model describing how increasing job demands experienced by this specific population are related to burnout and in particular to emotional exhaustion symptoms was developed. Results The results of the logistic regression models provided strong support for the proposed model, as both Job Demands and Resources are significant predictors (OR = 2.359 and 0.563 respectively, with p < 0.001). Moreover, healthcare professionals’ orientation towards patient engagement appears as a significant moderator of this relationship, as it reduces Demands’ effect (OR = 1.188) and increases Resources’ effect (OR = 0.501). Conclusions These findings integrate previous findings on the JD-R Model and suggest the relevance of personal resources and of relational factors in affecting professionals’ experience of burnout.

The Impact of Duplicate Orders on Demand Estimation and Capacity Investment

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 1505-1518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mor Armony ◽  
Erica L. Plambeck
Keyword(s):  
Demand Estimation ◽  
Capacity Investment ◽  
On Demand ◽  
The Impact

10-Year Study of Christian Church Support for Domestic Violence Victims: 2005-2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 2959-2985
Author(s):  
Barbara L. Zust ◽  
Breanna Flicek Opdahl ◽  
Katie Siebert Moses ◽  
Courtney Noecker Schubert ◽  
Jessica Timmerman
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Community Resources ◽  
Upper Midwest ◽  
Professional Counseling ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Supportive Environment ◽  
Domestic Violence Victims ◽  
Church Support ◽  
The Impact

Religious beliefs play a significant role in the lives of victims of domestic violence. Victims find strength in their faith and would rather endure the violence at all costs to keep a family or a marriage together, than to compromise their faith by leaving. This 10 –year study explored the climate of support for victims of domestic violence among Christian clergy and church members between 2005 and 2015. Using a convenience sample, surveys were sent out to congregations in the Upper Midwest in 2005 and 2015. The survey included demographics; two items measuring perception of domestic violence in the congregation and community; six Likert Scale items regarding agreement with statements concerning leaving an abusive marriage; four “Yes–No” items regarding the impact of faith in leaving, support of the congregation, community resources, and clergy as counselors. The clergy’s survey had the same questions plus open-ended questions about their skills in counseling victims, their congregation’s support for victims, community resources, and beliefs that could impact a victim’s choice in leaving. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, simple frequencies, and bivariate correlations. Narrative data were analyzed using content analysis. The results of this study indicated that change is slow. Members want their clergy to become more educated in counseling and in speaking about domestic violence from the pulpit. Clergy felt comfortable in making referrals for professional counseling, while the majority of members would prefer counseling with their pastor if they were in a violent relationship. Both clergy and members want to create a safe and supportive environment for victims/survivors of violent relationships. Findings from this study exemplify the need for pastors to remove the silence about domestic violence in their congregations and address the misunderstood social religious beliefs that may bind a victim to the violence.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on demand for emergency ambulances in Victoria, Australia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Emily Andrew ◽  
Ziad Nehme ◽  
Michael Stephenson ◽  
Tony Walker ◽  
Karen Smith
Keyword(s):  
On Demand ◽  
The Impact
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